Chapter 11 Efferent Division
An alien retrieved alive from a crashed UFO has had a thorough medical examination. A hormone with a distinct but similar structure to epinephrine has been isolated, and named ufo-epi.
...
13) Which functions are controlled through the autonomic nervous system?
1. blood pressure 2. heart rate 3. water balance 4. temperature regulation
Chapter 11 Efferent Division 1) Nicotine is thought to cause approximately how many deaths per year, worldwide.
5,000,000
10) Each of these statements is true except one. Identify the exception.
Activation of α receptors opens Na+ channels in the membrane.
48) If the results of ufo-epi treatment of humans included pupil dilation, localized sweating, high blood pressure, and high blood glucose, which conclusion would be indicated?
It acts on alpha adrenergic receptors.
4) Which statements apply to the parasympathetic division of the nervous system?
It is dominant during "resting and digesting." & Its ganglia are nearby, on or within their target organs.
46) Epinephrine and norepinephrine that are released from the adrenal glands affect target tissue for a longer period of time than the same substances released from neurons at their peripheral receptors. Why?
There are no enzymes to break down epinephrine and norepinephrine in the blood and very little in peripheral tissues.
49) The drug Chantix, which treats nicotine addiction, is an
agonist for the nicotine receptor.
42) The two varieties of adrenergic receptors are
alpha and beta
6) Which area is NOT normally considered to be anautonomic control center?
amygdala
12) Which area(s) of the brain exert(s) control over the autonomic nervous system?
cerebrum, hypothalamus, pons, and medulla
14) Sweat glands contain
cholinergic receptors.
40) varicosities are swellings that
contain vesicles filled with neurotransmitter.
43) The signal molecule norepinephrine
elicits the stronger response from alpha receptors.
44) The signal molecule epinephrine
elicits the stronger response from beta2 receptors.
17) The motor end plate is a
folded area of muscle cell membrane with ACh receptors clustered at the top of each fold.
37) Cholinergic nicotinic receptors are
found in the autonomic gangliz of the ANS.
15) Increased parasympathetic stimulation increases
gastric motility.
47) If humans administered a physiological dose of ufo-epi responded to the chemical, which of the following would indicate ufo-epi is an epinephrine agonist?
increase in fatty acids in the blood
8) The presence of two peripheral efferent neurons in a pathway
is typical of the autonomic division.
9) The adrenal medulla is important to the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system because
it is a source of catecholamines, it is considered a modified sympathetic ganglion, and it releases epinephrine and norepinephrine directly into the blood.
39) The vagus nerve is the
major source of parasympathetic output.
36) Cholinergic receptors respond to the
neurotransmitter acetylcholine
35) The two types of cholinergic receptors are
nicotinic and muscarinic.
45) Most postganglionic sympathetic neurons secrete
norepinephrine onto their target cells.
51) salivation
parasympathetic agonist
54) blocks secretion of pancreatic enzymes
parasympathetic agonist
56) blocks urination
parasympathetic agonist
38) Cholinergic muscarinic receptors are found at the
parasympathetic neuroeffector junctions in the ANS.
Cholinergic muscarinic receptor
parasympathetic tissue receptor
11) Which of the following has its cell body in the ganglion?
postganglionic neuron
Adrenergic receptor
primary sympathetic neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine
released by all autonomic preganglionic neurons
2) The two divisions of the efferent side of the peripheral nervous system
somatic motor neurons and autonomic neurons.
50) pupil dilation
sympathetic agonist
52) decreased activity in digestive tract
sympathetic agonist
53) fat breakdown
sympathetic agonist
55) blocks secretion of adrenal catecholamines
sympathetic agonist
57) blocks sweating
sympathetic agonist
16) "Dual innervation" refers to an organ receiving both
sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.
3) The division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for intense levels of activity and stress is the
sympathetic division.
Norepinephrine
sympathetic tissue receptor
41) Autonomic neurotransmitters are
synthesized in the axon
Cholinergic nicotinic receptor
target receptor for preganglionic neurons
5) Nicotine enhances
the release of dopaminein the brain.
23) The neural pathway from the spinal cord to the target tissue has two neurons, the preganglionic neuron and the postganglionic neuron.
true for both divisions
26) Inside the ganglia are interneurons, which modulate messages.
true for both divisions
30) Contains cholinergic neurons.
true for both divisions
32) On average, one preganglionic neuron synapses with eight or nine postganglionic neurons, each innervating a different target.
true for both divisions
25) The cell bodies of preganglionic neurons are found either in the brain stem or in the sacral region of the spinal cord.
true only for the parasympathetic division
27) The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is released by neurons at the neuroeffector synapse.
true only for the parasympathetic division
34) Dominates during resting-and-digesting activities.
true only for the parasympathetic division
24) Most preganglionic neurons originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
true only for the sympathetic division
28) The ganglia are found in a chain that runs close to the spinal cord or along the descending aorta.
true only for the sympathetic division
29) Releases norepinephrine at the neuroeffector synapse.
true only for the sympathetic division
31) The adrenal medulla is closely allied with this system.
true only for the sympathetic division
33) Important during stress or emergencies (fight-or-flight).
true only for the sympathetic division
7) Antagonistic control of efferent output is
typical of the autonomic division.
