Science Test 1
Solar System
sun, planets, and all the other objects that revolve around the sun
Mass
the amount of matter in an object
International Date Line
the line of longitude that marks where each new day begins, centered on the 180th meridian
What is the mean temp on Jupiter
-166°F
What is the mean temp on Saturn
-220°F
What is Uranus' mean temp
-320°F
How many moons does Mercury Have
0
How many moons does Venus have
0
How many moons does Earth Have
1
How many moons does Neptune have
14
How many moons does Mars have
2 moons - phobos and deimos
How many moons does Uranus have
27
How moons on Saturn are waiting for confirmation on their discovery
29
How long ago did the sun and planets form a rotating disk of dust and gases
4.6 Billion years ago
How many moons does Saturn have
53
What is Earths Mean temp
59°F
Celestial object
any object that exists in spacecraft
Which two factors caused the interior layering of Earth and other planets in our solar system during their formation
gravity and density differences
Accretion
growth in size or increase in amount
Elevation
height above sea level
Density
mass/volume
What 2 planets have a similar length of day
Uranus + Mercury
Does the distance from the Sun influence a planets period of revolution?
Yes because there is a stronger gravitational pull
Contour Line
a line on a map joining points of equal height above or below sea level.
Gradient
a rate of inclination; a slope
Impact Crater
a round depression formed on the surface of a planet, moon, or other space object by the impact of a meteorite
Asteroid
a small rocky body orbiting the sun
Every _____ the Halley's Comet visits the inner solar system
76 years
What is Earths atmosphere made of
78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases
Comet
A ball of frozen dust and rock that orbits the sun and has a tail that glows
Star
A ball of hot gas, primarily hydrogen and helium, that undergoes nuclear fusion
Meteroid
A chunk of rock or dust in space
Galaxy
A huge group of single stars, star systems, star clusters, dust, and gas bound together by gravity
Planet
A large body in space that orbits a star and does not produce light of its own
Nebula
A large cloud of dust and gas in space
Isoline
A map line that connects points of equal or very similar values.
Meteorite
A meteoroid that has hit earth's surface.
Meteor
A streak of light in the sky produced by the burning of a meteoroid in Earth's atmosphere.
When did the universe believe to have been formed
About 14 billion years ago
Universe
All of space and everything in it
electromagnetic spectrum
All of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation
Doppler effect
An observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving
What is the highest and lowest temps on Mars
High: 70°F Low: -225°F
How did scientists originally view the universe
Believed the universe was constant
How many moons does jupiter have
Between 80 and 95
The matter if an accretion usually forms a ____________ around the accreting object
Collision
Nebula Hypothesis
Hypothesis that the sun and planets formed from the same cloud of gas and dust in interstellar space
Redshift: Type of Doppler effect caused by an _______________ in distance between the observer and the source of electromagnetic radiation. (Galaxies moving __________ observer)
Increase ; Away
What does Mercury's day temp reach and what does their night temp reach
Day: 800°F Night: -290°F
What is Venus' day temp and night temp
Day: 900°F Night: 900°F
Blueshift: Doppler effect caused by a _____________ in distance between the observer and the source of electromagnetic radiation. (Galaxies moving _________ observer
Decrease ; Towards
Longitude
Distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees
Latitude
Distance north or south of the equator
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
Electromagnetic radiation left over from early development of the universe that fills the universe; detected with a radio telescope and is key proof of the Big Bang theory of the origin of the universe.
How do Scientists across the world measure and collect data
International System of Units
Jovian Planets
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune because they are gaseous
Length
Measure of how long an object is
What is the order of planets if closest to the farthest from the sun
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
What is Neptune's atmosphere made of
Molecular Hydrogen, Atomic Helium, Methane
What is Mars' atmosphere made of
Mostly Carbon Dioxide, Argon and Nitrogen with a small amount of oxygen and water vapor
What is Jupiter's atmosphere made of
Mostly Hydrogen and Helium
What is Saturn's atmosphere made of
Mostly Hydrogen and Helium
What is Uranus' atmosphere made of
Mostly molecular hydrogen and atomic helium with a small amount of methane
What is Mercury's atmosphere made of
Oxygen, Sodium, Hydrogen, Helium, Potassium
________ is not included in our solar system
Polaris
What planet would float in water due to its density
Saturn
The Milky Way is best describes as
Spiral
SI Unit
Standards for Systeme International d'Unites, an international system which establishes a uniform set of measurement units
Volume
The amount of space an object takes up
Prime Meridian
The meridian, designated at 0° longitude, which passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.
Terrestrial planets
The name given to the four inner planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars
Big Bang Theory
The theory that the universe originated in a huge explosion that released all matter and energy.
What is venus' atmosphere made of
Toxic clouds of sulfuric acid