Science Test 1

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Solar System

sun, planets, and all the other objects that revolve around the sun

Mass

the amount of matter in an object

International Date Line

the line of longitude that marks where each new day begins, centered on the 180th meridian

What is the mean temp on Jupiter

-166°F

What is the mean temp on Saturn

-220°F

What is Uranus' mean temp

-320°F

How many moons does Mercury Have

0

How many moons does Venus have

0

How many moons does Earth Have

1

How many moons does Neptune have

14

How many moons does Mars have

2 moons - phobos and deimos

How many moons does Uranus have

27

How moons on Saturn are waiting for confirmation on their discovery

29

How long ago did the sun and planets form a rotating disk of dust and gases

4.6 Billion years ago

How many moons does Saturn have

53

What is Earths Mean temp

59°F

Celestial object

any object that exists in spacecraft

Which two factors caused the interior layering of Earth and other planets in our solar system during their formation

gravity and density differences

Accretion

growth in size or increase in amount

Elevation

height above sea level

Density

mass/volume

What 2 planets have a similar length of day

Uranus + Mercury

Does the distance from the Sun influence a planets period of revolution?

Yes because there is a stronger gravitational pull

Contour Line

a line on a map joining points of equal height above or below sea level.

Gradient

a rate of inclination; a slope

Impact Crater

a round depression formed on the surface of a planet, moon, or other space object by the impact of a meteorite

Asteroid

a small rocky body orbiting the sun

Every _____ the Halley's Comet visits the inner solar system

76 years

What is Earths atmosphere made of

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases

Comet

A ball of frozen dust and rock that orbits the sun and has a tail that glows

Star

A ball of hot gas, primarily hydrogen and helium, that undergoes nuclear fusion

Meteroid

A chunk of rock or dust in space

Galaxy

A huge group of single stars, star systems, star clusters, dust, and gas bound together by gravity

Planet

A large body in space that orbits a star and does not produce light of its own

Nebula

A large cloud of dust and gas in space

Isoline

A map line that connects points of equal or very similar values.

Meteorite

A meteoroid that has hit earth's surface.

Meteor

A streak of light in the sky produced by the burning of a meteoroid in Earth's atmosphere.

When did the universe believe to have been formed

About 14 billion years ago

Universe

All of space and everything in it

electromagnetic spectrum

All of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation

Doppler effect

An observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving

What is the highest and lowest temps on Mars

High: 70°F Low: -225°F

How did scientists originally view the universe

Believed the universe was constant

How many moons does jupiter have

Between 80 and 95

The matter if an accretion usually forms a ____________ around the accreting object

Collision

Nebula Hypothesis

Hypothesis that the sun and planets formed from the same cloud of gas and dust in interstellar space

Redshift: Type of Doppler effect caused by an _______________ in distance between the observer and the source of electromagnetic radiation. (Galaxies moving __________ observer)

Increase ; Away

What does Mercury's day temp reach and what does their night temp reach

Day: 800°F Night: -290°F

What is Venus' day temp and night temp

Day: 900°F Night: 900°F

Blueshift: Doppler effect caused by a _____________ in distance between the observer and the source of electromagnetic radiation. (Galaxies moving _________ observer

Decrease ; Towards

Longitude

Distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees

Latitude

Distance north or south of the equator

Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)

Electromagnetic radiation left over from early development of the universe that fills the universe; detected with a radio telescope and is key proof of the Big Bang theory of the origin of the universe.

How do Scientists across the world measure and collect data

International System of Units

Jovian Planets

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune because they are gaseous

Length

Measure of how long an object is

What is the order of planets if closest to the farthest from the sun

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

What is Neptune's atmosphere made of

Molecular Hydrogen, Atomic Helium, Methane

What is Mars' atmosphere made of

Mostly Carbon Dioxide, Argon and Nitrogen with a small amount of oxygen and water vapor

What is Jupiter's atmosphere made of

Mostly Hydrogen and Helium

What is Saturn's atmosphere made of

Mostly Hydrogen and Helium

What is Uranus' atmosphere made of

Mostly molecular hydrogen and atomic helium with a small amount of methane

What is Mercury's atmosphere made of

Oxygen, Sodium, Hydrogen, Helium, Potassium

________ is not included in our solar system

Polaris

What planet would float in water due to its density

Saturn

The Milky Way is best describes as

Spiral

SI Unit

Standards for Systeme International d'Unites, an international system which establishes a uniform set of measurement units

Volume

The amount of space an object takes up

Prime Meridian

The meridian, designated at 0° longitude, which passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.

Terrestrial planets

The name given to the four inner planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars

Big Bang Theory

The theory that the universe originated in a huge explosion that released all matter and energy.

What is venus' atmosphere made of

Toxic clouds of sulfuric acid


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