Scientific Thinking: Can e-Cigarettes Help People Quit or Reduce Smoking?

At 2 weeks, the median number of cigarettes smoked per day for participants in Group _____ was 5; in Group _____ was 6; and in Group was 10.

B,A,C

This result suggests that participants in Group _____ (who received no nicotine) smoked significantly more cigarettes after 2 weeks than participants in the other groups.

C

Do the data for "cigarettes smoked per day" show a statistically significant difference? (yes or no)

No

Do the data for "age" show a statistically significant difference? (yes or no)

Yes

Do the data for "education" show a statistically significant difference? (yes or no)

Yes

Compared to baseline, regular cigarette use _______ in all three groups after 2 weeks of e-cigarette use.

decreased

Therefore, e-cigarette users include a _______ proportion of females when compared with non-users.

higher

Therefore, e-cigarette users have a _______ level of education when compared with non-users.

lower

Therefore, _____ proportion of e-cigarette users actually quit smoking as of the 1-year follow-up when compared with non-users.

neither a higher nor lower

Therefore, _____ proportion of e-cigarette users intend to quit smoking when compared with non-users.

neither a higher nor lower

Therefore, e-cigarette users smoke _____ number of cigarettes when compared with non-users.

neither a higher nor lower

The p-value for this result is 0.04, suggesting that the differences among the three groups is _____.

statistically significant

The p-value for this result is less than 0.001, suggesting that the result is

statistically significant

E-cigarettes with no nicotine are _____ at reducing cigarette use.

effective

This result suggests that e-cigarettes with nicotine are _____ at reducing cigarette use

effective

Therefore, e-cigarette users include a _____ proportion of young people when compared with non-users.

higher

Do the data for "female sex" show a statistically significant difference? (yes or no)

Yes

What conclusions can researchers draw from their data? Select all statements supported by the data.

1.Trends in the data suggest that e-cigarettes become less helpful at reducing cigarette consumption over time. 2.Participants in Group B -- the intermediate nicotine group -- showed the greatest increase in median cigarette use from week 24 to week 52. 3.Even e-cigarettes with no nicotine helped participants reduce cigarette consumption.

Do the data for "intention to quit smoking" show a statistically significant difference? (yes or no)

No

Do the data for "quit smoking at 1-year follow-up" show a statistically significant difference? (yes or no)

No