Section 26

The National Recovery Administration sought to promote economic recovery by

experimenting with national economic planning.

During the Hundred Days, Roosevelt did all of the following, EXCEPT

propose government ownership of major industries.

The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was designed to

provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development to the Tennessee Valley, a region particularly affected by the Great Depression

Franklin D. Roosevelt and his advisers believed that a __________ of production would restore purchasing power to farmers.

reduction

The sitdown strike

was first used against General Motors in 1936.

The social and economic effects of the Depression

hit the middle class especially hard.

What role did FDR play in the shifting of African American political affiliation from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party?

FDR appointed African Americans to high-ranking positions and criticized racial discrimination.

Why did farmers during the Great Depression resort to such extreme measures as dumping fresh milk into the streets?

Farmers hoped to create demand and drive up prices for their products.

The individual most responsible for promoting African American rights during the New Deal was

Harry Hopkins.

What effect did the Great Depression have on immigration to the United States?

It effectively reversed the flow, with hundreds of thousands being deported.

How did the Roosevelt administration finally deal with the problem of agricultural overproduction?

It set production limits for leading crops and paid farmers subsidies.

Which was NOT a criticism of the Social Security Act?

It would transfer much of the national wealth to a minority of the population.

What caused the National Recovery Administration ultimately to fail?

Its rules favored large corporations over small businesses and laborers

How was American handling of the crises of World War One and the Great Depression similar?

Just as the War provided women and minorities with job opportunities, so did the Great Depression offer more unskilled, typically female and minority jobs.

Which was NOT a way that the Great Depression benefited the Democrats?

The handling of the Depression by Democrats was universally popular and led to a short period of Democratic control of the Congress.

How did the Great Depression affect Americans psychologically?

Unemployment and poverty undermined people's sense of self-worth and caused many to despair.

How did Americans respond to the bull market climate on the eve of the great crash in 1929?

Wild optimism about the continued growth of the stock market led Americans to engage in speculative investing practices.

Francis Townsend advocated that the federal government pay $200 each month to

all Americans over the age of 60.

Why was the New Deal criticized during the early years of the Great Depression?

Because it tended to benefit large businesses and farms, leaving the poor and elderly unaided.

Young men were hired to clear land, plant trees, build bridges, and fish ponds by the

Civilian Conservation Corps.

How did the country's experience of World War I shape the national response to the Great Depression under FDR?

During the war years, the country had experienced general mobilization of the nation's resources in the service of a common goal, facilitating implementation of the New Deal, another form of general mobilization.

Which of FDR's actions ended the immediate financial crisis of the 1930s?

He took control of the nation's banks, thereby restoring the public's confidence in the banking system.

How did FDR's attitude toward planned deficits affect the success of the New Deal's efforts to rescue the economy?

He tried to avoid planned deficits, seeking a balanced budget when he ought to have spent more.

Why did FDR attempt to "pack" the Supreme Court?

He wanted to remove the final and most powerful threat to his New Deal by replacing judges who opposed its programs.

After 1937, the WPA denied employment to aliens, a decision that greatly affected

Mexican Americans.

What was the major political legacy of the New Deal?

Strengthening of the Democrats, changed the relationship with government and people; between president and congress.

How did the creation of reform programs during the New Deal eventually lead to its demise?

The programs required massive government spending and couldn't be sustained.

Roosevelt's "court packing" proposal was NOT

successful at limiting the power of the Supreme Court.

Roosevelt's Hundred Days banking legislation was designed to

support strong banks and eliminate the weaker ones.