Chapter 4- Marine Science

Which of the following organisms produce calcium carbonate tests? (select all that apply>)

1. Coccolithophores 2.Foraminifera

Which of the following are examples of hydrogenous sediments? (select all that apply.)

1. Manganese nodules 2.Phosphates 3.Metal sulfides

Which of the following organisms produce silica tests? (select all that apply.)

1.Diatoms 2.Radiolarians

Which of these are examples of lithogenous sedimentS? ( Select all that apply.)

1.Dust blown out to sea 2.Sediments carried in a river 3.Volcanic ash

What sediment type(s) is/are included in the pink category labeled "Other" on the map?

1.hydrogenous sediments 2.cosmogenous sediments

What mechanism(s) is/are responsible for transporting clay to deep ocean basins?

1.winds 2.low-moving ocean currents

What would happen if the depth of the CCD were above the top of the mid-ocean ridge?

Calcareous ooze would not be found below the CCD.

Which type of marine sediments include space dust and meteors?

Cosmogenous

Gypsum is an example of a(n)

Evaporite

What kind of lithogenous sediments would be found closest to shore?

Large, coarse particles

Sediments carried by a glacier are an example of which of the following?

Lithogenous sediments

Abyssal clay would most likely be found in the ____ environment.

Pelagic

What is the most valuable resource derived from marine sediments?

Petroleum

How does siliceous ooze accumulate on the seafloor if silica-based residues are dissolved slowly at all depths?

Silica tests accumulate faster than seawater can dissolve them.

Under which of the following conditions are you most likely to get calcareous ooze?

Wam, shallow water

What is calcareous ooze?

a fine-grained, deep ocean sediment containing the skeletal remains of calcite-secreting microbes

The most likely place to find abundant manganese nodules is on the:

abyssal plain far from a continent.

What factor primarily determines the distribution of radiolarian ooze?

areas of upwelling

Sediments derived from the remains of the hard parts of once-living organisms are called __________ sediments.

biogenous

Two common types of chemical compounds found in biogenous sediments are __________ and ________

calcium carbonate; silica

The sea floor provides the largest reservoir of usable energy in the ocean, and likely the world, in the form of __

clathrates

Which sediment type dominates in the neritic environment?

coarse lithogenous sediment, such as sand and small rocks

What three steps are required for calcareous ooze to exist below the CCD?

deposition of calcite shells above the CCD, cover of these shells by a non-calcareous material, and movement of the sea floor over millions of years

The two major types of microscopic, planktonic organisms that produce siliceous oozes are __________ and __________.

diatoms; radiolarians

Siliceous ooze is particularly abundant on the seafloor at __________ and at __________.

high latitudes; equatorial upwelling zones

Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called:

hydrogenous.

Phosphate-rich nodules form in:

intermediate to shallow depth water.

Abyssal clay contains ____

iron

Sediment that begins as rocks on continents or islands is called ___

lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment

What factor primarily controls the distribution of calcareous ooze?

water depth

What is the calcite compensation depth, or CCD?

the ocean depth below which calcite is unstable and will dissolve quickly