Self Efficacy

What are vicarious influences?

"If they can I can"

Study: Participant gender split?

9 female 1 male

Study: Sample issues?

Small, gynocentric, self-selected

What contextual factors effect self-efficacy?

Social, situational, temporal

Due to the study being Quasi, what does this mean?

There is no cause and effect

Study: How does the advertisement of the study affect the sample?

Those who don't read the paper cannot apply

Study: Aim?

To assess self-efficacy of Ps undergoing systematic desensitisation for a snake phobia

What are emotive influences?

Anxiety and physiological

Study: Pre-test assessment of...?

Avoidance behaviour towards boa constrictor, fear arousal self report oral (1-10), efficacy expectations self-report

Who created the term "self efficacy"?

Bandura

Who conducted this study?

Bandura and Adams

Study: After systematic desensitisation process was completed, what happened?

Behaviours were remeasured with self belief efficacy in coping

What are the 4 factors that affect self-efficacy?

Enactive influences, vicarious influences, persuasory influences, emotive influences

Study: How was systematic desensitisation conducted?

Given relaxation techniques, controlled conditions exposed to snake pictures, once arousal levels dropped put in room with snakes until could cope

Study: Weakness of snake phobic sample?

Length and intensity of fear unknown, not generalizable beyond snake phobias

What was self-efficacy developed from (which concept)?

Locus of control

Study: How was the study advertised?

Paper

What are enactive influences?

Past experiences

Self-efficacy can change, therefore it is based on situation and is not a what?

Personality trait

Study: Results?

Second scores significantly lower in fear coping perception Scores higher self-efficacy belief Higher levels post-test self-efficacy correlated higher levels behaviour with snakes

Study: Participants?

10 snake phobics

Study: Participant age range?

19-57

What is systematic desensitisation associated with?

Classical conditioning

What approach does self efficacy take?

Cognitive

Study: Conclusions?

Desensitisation enhanced self-efficacy levels due to marked changes in perception - Ps believed they could cope with phobic stimulus (snake) - Self efficacy = Cognitive + Behavioural

Study: Why is the cognitive approach weak?

Doesn't apply to people with cognitive deficits

What are persuasory influences?

Positive feedback

Study: Experiment type?

Quasi

Study: Why is there no cause and effect?

Quasi Experiment

What is the definition of self efficacy?

The belief in the ability to change (work harder, more likely to success, how much effort, sustaining, persistence)