Self Efficacy
What are vicarious influences?
"If they can I can"
Study: Participant gender split?
9 female 1 male
Study: Sample issues?
Small, gynocentric, self-selected
What contextual factors effect self-efficacy?
Social, situational, temporal
Due to the study being Quasi, what does this mean?
There is no cause and effect
Study: How does the advertisement of the study affect the sample?
Those who don't read the paper cannot apply
Study: Aim?
To assess self-efficacy of Ps undergoing systematic desensitisation for a snake phobia
What are emotive influences?
Anxiety and physiological
Study: Pre-test assessment of...?
Avoidance behaviour towards boa constrictor, fear arousal self report oral (1-10), efficacy expectations self-report
Who created the term "self efficacy"?
Bandura
Who conducted this study?
Bandura and Adams
Study: After systematic desensitisation process was completed, what happened?
Behaviours were remeasured with self belief efficacy in coping
What are the 4 factors that affect self-efficacy?
Enactive influences, vicarious influences, persuasory influences, emotive influences
Study: How was systematic desensitisation conducted?
Given relaxation techniques, controlled conditions exposed to snake pictures, once arousal levels dropped put in room with snakes until could cope
Study: Weakness of snake phobic sample?
Length and intensity of fear unknown, not generalizable beyond snake phobias
What was self-efficacy developed from (which concept)?
Locus of control
Study: How was the study advertised?
Paper
What are enactive influences?
Past experiences
Self-efficacy can change, therefore it is based on situation and is not a what?
Personality trait
Study: Results?
Second scores significantly lower in fear coping perception Scores higher self-efficacy belief Higher levels post-test self-efficacy correlated higher levels behaviour with snakes
Study: Participants?
10 snake phobics
Study: Participant age range?
19-57
What is systematic desensitisation associated with?
Classical conditioning
What approach does self efficacy take?
Cognitive
Study: Conclusions?
Desensitisation enhanced self-efficacy levels due to marked changes in perception - Ps believed they could cope with phobic stimulus (snake) - Self efficacy = Cognitive + Behavioural
Study: Why is the cognitive approach weak?
Doesn't apply to people with cognitive deficits
What are persuasory influences?
Positive feedback
Study: Experiment type?
Quasi
Study: Why is there no cause and effect?
Quasi Experiment
What is the definition of self efficacy?
The belief in the ability to change (work harder, more likely to success, how much effort, sustaining, persistence)