Senses System Disorders

The nurse is caring for a clients in the hospital who is visually impaired. which nursing consideration will be appropriate for the clients? select all the apply?

let the client know when you're leaving the room identify self when entering the room Place food on the plate in a clock position and identify the food

The nurse is providing education to a client about Meniere's disease. Which of the following education topics should the nurse include?

move head slowly

A child was admitted with retinoblastoma. which signs and symptoms will be exhibited by the child? select all the apply

one pupil is white red and swollen eye wrap it unconscious eye movements

How do the obstacles work in protecting the ear?

protects the vital internal organs of the middle ear and inner ear from injury

The nurse is providing discharge teaching for a clients following ear surgery. which information would the nurse include in the teaching plan for this clients?

report any fever, headache, vertigo, ear pain immediately

Triggers associated with Meniere's disease may include

stress, being overworked, emotional distress, climate pressure changes, and consuming a diet high in sodium

Reinforced instructions to the client regarding the post-operative measures

such as the importance of hand-washing and measures to prevent or decrease IOP Such as bending over, caffeine, straining or rubbing the eye Stress of the client care after surgery requires installation of the different types of eye drops several times a day for 2 to 4 weeks. Administer eye medication preoperatively including mydriatics and cycloplegics as prescribed

Which structures are innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve? Select all that apply.

tongue throat

risk factors for glaucoma

60 and older American American, Hispanic and Asian vascular problems (diabetes, hypertension elevated intraocular pressure

the nurse caring for a client following eye surgery reports to the surgeon that the client is showing signs of ptosis. what might this finding indicates?

?Edema

a nurse is caring for a client to report being unable to read a newspaper or a magazine probably, even in normal light. which is the most likely cause of this condition?

pupil is no longer able to dilate fully

closed angle glaucoma

the opening between the cornea and iris narrows so that fluid cannot reach the trabecular meshwork very rare noticeable signs and symptoms requires immediate treatment severe eye pain nausea vomiting vision changes haloes around the light treatments: medications treatment selective laser trabeculoplasty trabeculectomy

A client complains of double vision. What is the proper term for this condition?

Diplopia

Which nursing intervention focuses on the dysfunction of the external ear?

Flushing the ear to remove an insect

What is the function of the eyes lens?

Focuses the light Rays on the retina he pressure in the middle ear with the atmospheric pressure

Closed-angle glaucoma is sudden onset of intraocular pressure that occurs when there is closure or blockage of drainage between the iris and cornea causing pressure to build up in the eye where fluid has accumulated and cannot circulate throughout the eye. Symptoms may include

nausea, vomiting, sudden headache, extreme eye pain, and blurred vision.

which statement describes astigmatism?

unequal curvature in the shape of the lens

A client is diagnosed with conductive hearing loss. Which of the following are common causes of this condition? Select all that apply. A) Otitis media B) Excessive noise C) Tumors D) Perforated eardrum E) Foreign bodies F) Viral infections

Ans: A, D, E Feedback: Causes of conductive hearing loss include otitis media, perforated eardrum, and obstruction of external auditory canal (e.g., foreign body or cerumen). Excessive noise, tumors, and viral infections may cause sensorineural losses.

Otitis externa also called swimmer's ear.

instill a diluted alcohol solution into the ear after swimming

what is the function of the ocularmotor nerve?

* Constricts and dilates the pupil

Glaucoma medications

avoid anticholeringics (they made body dry atropine benztropine ipratropium oxybutynin

preoperative instruction before cataract surgery

avoid taking aspirin

Treatment options for retinoblastoma may include

laser therapy to the eye removal of the eye chemotherapy cryotherapy Cobalt therapy is an old therapy started in the 1950s and is rarely used.

an elderly client that is diagnosed with cataract. the clients report double vision and says he says hellos around the light. what should the nurse expect to find in the client's eyes during the nursing assessment?

Cloudiness of the lens

a client sustains a contusion of the eyeball after a traumatic injury with a blunt object. the nurse should take which immediate action?

* Apply ice to the affected eye

?A client is diagnosed with conductive hearing loss. which are common causes of this condition select all?

Otitis media Perforated eardrum foreign bodies

what is an effect of aging on this sense of vision?

Presbyopia

A client visits the healthcare facility with an insect fluttering in his ear. which should the nurse do to extract the insects?

administer a few drops of mineral oil

Where on the tongue are the taste buds sensitive to bitter taste located?

back

My client who has Meniere's disease see. The nurse should identify that Meniere's disease affect which structure of the ear?

cochlea

The nurse is caring for an older adult client who was recently diagnosed with macular degeneration. Which of the following are lifestyle modifications that can help this client maintain their lifestyle as the disease progresses? Select all that apply. Purchasing large print books Using public transportati Wearing reading glasses Cooking healthy meals

*Purchasing large print books This can help the patient read easier. *Using public transportation This is safer than if the client drives themselves. Wearing reading glasses (wrong) Reading glasses do not correct the changes in vision due to macular degeneration. Cooking healthy meals (wrong) This does not affect vision. Rather, this activity can be a hazard due to the loss of central vision.

tonometer

measures intraocular pressure (10-210

what part of the brain is responsible for maintaining equilibrium and coordination?

Cerebellum

several Specialists are involved in the treatment of the eye. which would be licensed to perform cataract surgery?

Ophthalmologist

What information should the nurse provide the clients when discussing the vitreous humor? select all the apply

*Helps maintain the eyeball shape * contributes to the intraocular pressure *Loss of vitreous as humor can lead to blindness

which parts of the brain is responsible for receiving visual information via the optic nerve?

*Occipital lobe

-A nurse is assistant a healthcare provider during a refractive error examination. which intervention should the nurse Implement during the procedure?

*Place the Phoropter In front of the client's eye

Which statements demonstrates understanding of the location of the sense receptors?

*receptors of the sense of smell are located in the upper nasal cavity *receptors for the sense of touch are located throughout the body *receptors for tastes of sweets are located on the tongue

Which is the correct order of the steps in the path taken by the sound waves to the brain?

1. sound waves enter through the ears external auditory canal and strike the tympanic membrane 2. the tympanic membrane vibrates at various speeds in responses Two various pitches of sound 3. The icicles within the middle ear act as a movable bridge to transmit these vibrations to the oval window, which amplifies the sound waves 4. the stapes vibrate against the membrane, sitting the fluid of the cochlea in motion, which in turn passes on to the hair like nerve endings in the organ of corti 5.The stimuli in the organ of Corti are sent to the vestibulocochlear nerve and then to the temporal lobe in the cerebral cortex where the sounds are interpreted

A patient asks you to explain how the intraocular pressure is measured to help detect glaucoma. You state that IOP (intraocular pressure) is measured by what instrument below? A. Goniscope B. Tonometry C. Ophthalmoscope D. Phoroptor

A. Goniscope B. Tonometry C. Ophthalmoscope D. Phoroptor

A patient has arrived for a post-op visit to the clinic after cataract surgery in the left eye. Which statement by the patient causes concern and requires further investigation? A. "My left eye has experienced some itchiness." B. "The vision in my left eye was blurry for a few days." C. "I have been experiencing flashes of light in my left eye." D. "I had pain in my left eye after surgery and took Acetaminophen

A. "My left eye has experienced some itchiness." B. "The vision in my left eye was blurry for a few days." C. "I have been experiencing flashes of light in my left eye." D. "I had pain in my left eye after surgery and took Acetaminophen. *A possible complication after cataract surgery is retinal detachment. This could present with the patient experiencing flashes of light or seeing floaters in the vision. The nurse should report this to the surgeon who will further evaluate the patient.

Which patient finding below is associated with the development of cataracts? A. Loss of central vision B. Loss of peripheral vision C. Cloudy, hazy vision D. Black spots in vision

A. Loss of central vision B. Loss of peripheral vision C. Cloudy, hazy vision D. Black spots in vision * Option A is found in macular degeneration, option B is glaucoma, and option D is diabetic retinopathy.

. A patient has a cataract in the left eye and has decided to prolong having surgery as long as possible until her activities of daily living are affected. What are some measures the patient can take to help manage the cataract at this time? Select all that apply: A. Wearing sunglasses with UVA protection. B. Enlarging text or visual images with a magnifier. C. Adding more light when reading. D. Wearing anti-glare glasses.

A. Wearing sunglasses with UVA protection. B. Enlarging text or visual images with a magnifier. C. Adding more light when reading. D. Wearing anti-glare glasses. *Option A is wrong because sunglasses that provide UVA and UVB protection should be used (not just UVA)

In the development of cataracts, light is scattered and cannot travel properly to the retina's _____________________, and this leads to visual impairment. A. crystalline proteins B. amacrine cells C. ganglion cells D. cones and rods

A. crystalline proteins B. amacrine cells C. ganglion cells D. cones and rods * In the development of cataracts, light is scattered and cannot travel properly to the retina's CONES AND RODS (photoreceptors), leading to visual impairment.

A patient is being evaluated for cataracts. The doctor uses a slit-lamp to assess the patient's eyes. As the nurse you know that this device will? A. help test the patient's visual acuity. B. test the strength of the ciliary muscles. C. enlarge the front area of the eye (cornea, iris, lens etc.). D. help for visualization of the fundus.

A. help test the patient's visual acuity. B. test the strength of the ciliary muscles. C. enlarge the front area of the eye (cornea, iris, lens etc.). D. help for visualization of the fundus.

Factors that can make a hearing aid whistle include a poor seal with the ear mold, An ear infection, excess wax in the in the ear canal, and improper fit, or a malfunction

a poor seal with the ear mold, An ear infection, excess wax in the ear canal, and improper fit, or a malfunction

The nurse is caring for a client after cataract surgery. When reviewing instructions, which of the following actions should the nurse tell the client to avoid? Select all that apply.

Bending from the waist Blowing the nose Vomiting The client should be told to avoid this activity, due to the increase in intraocular pressure they cause.

An older adult diagnosed with presbyopia Is experiencing errors in far and near vision. which is the most common treatment option for this clients?

Bifocals

The nurse is providing education to an older adult client with a new diagnosis of macular degeneration. The client has just been started on eye drops. Which of the following would be appropriate medication side effects to review with this client? Select all that apply. Corneal abrasion Conjunctival hemorrhage Blurred vision Eye discomfort. Increased intracranial pressure

Blurred vision This is a side effect of eye drops used to treat macular degeneration. Eye discomfort This is a side effect of eye drops used to treat macular degeneration. Increased intracranial pressure This is a side effect of eye drops used to treat macular degeneration. Conjunctival hemorrhage This is a side effect of eye drops used to treat macular degeneration Corneal abrasion (wrong) This is not a side effect of eye drop administration, but corneal edema, however, can occur with medication use.

The production and drainage rate of aqueous humor is not equal in patients with glaucoma. Select below the correct sequence for how aqueous humor should flow through the eye:

C. The ciliary body produces aqueous humor -> then it flows through the posterior chamber (area of the eye between the lens and iris) -> pupil opening -> anterior chamber (area of the eye between iris and cornea) -> drainage angle ->trabecular meshwork -> schlemm's canal -> episcleral veins

The nurse is caring for a pediatric client who was just diagnosed with conductive hearing loss related to a perforated eardrum. The client's parent asks about other conditions that can cause conductive hearing loss. Which of the following are causes of conductive hearing loss? Select all that apply.

Cerumen obstruction Conductive hearing loss is caused when sound waves are blocked to the inner ear, due to an obstruction of the external or middle ear, or disorders of these areas. Bulging eardrum Conductive hearing loss is caused when sound waves are blocked to the inner ear, due to an obstruction of the external or middle ear, or disorders of these areas. Tumor in the inner ear canal (wrong) Since conductive hearing loss does not involve the inner ear, this answer is incorrect. However, a tumor in the middle ear would be correct and could lead to conductive hearing loss. Playing music too loud (Wong) This would not cause inflammation or obstruction of the external or middle ear. However, this could cause sensorineural hearing loss, which is more permanent and irreversible than conductive hearing loss. check_circle

An older adult client has macular degeneration. The following are activities the client may have difficulty with due to the macular degeneration. Select all that apply.

Combing hair (wrong) The loss of central vision does not impact the ability of a person to comb hair. However, it may affect a person's ability to see in the mirror to style hair. Driving a vehicle With the loss of central vision, this activity requires more effort than prior to vision loss. Reading a favorite book With the loss of central vision, this activity requires more effort than prior to vision loss. Walking on unlevel ground With the loss of central vision, this activity requires more effort than prior to vision loss. Cooking meals With the loss of central vision, this activity requires more effort than prior to vision loss.

A nurse is administering a miotic medication. What is the expected outcome of this type of medication?

Constriction of the pupils The term "miotic" refers to the constriction of the pupils.

A nurse is collecting data from an older adults patients for physiological changes that can occur with aging. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Decreased sense of taste

The nurse is caring for a client who recently developed sinusitis. When teaching this client about conditions that can lead to sinusitis, which of the following would be appropriate to include? Select all that apply. Deviated nasal septum Facial trauma Viral infection Prolonged supine positioning Inhaled air pollutants

Deviated nasal septum Anatomical defects, such as a deviated nasal septum or nasal polyps are risk factors for developing sinusitis. Note: Select all applicable questions from one answer to all answers correct on the NCLEX®. Facial trauma Facial trauma involving the structures of the sinuses or nearby facial areas can lead to sinusitis. Viral infection Viral upper respiratory infections are the most common cause of sinusitis, secondary to edema and inflammation of the nasal lining. Prolonged supine positioning Most often occurring on intensive care units, prolonged supine positioning compromises mucociliary clearance, which can lead to sinusitis. Inhaled air pollutants Polluted air increases the likelihood that a person will develop sinusitis. Other common irritants are animal dander, smoke, and dust.

The nurse is caring for a client with Meniere's disease. When reviewing the client's medication orders, the nurse expects to see which of the following medications that would help with symptom control? Select all that apply. .

Diazepam This medication helps calm the client and can reduce vertigo and nausea. Ondansetron This is an antiemetic, which helps control nausea and vomiting that is common with Meniere's disease. Meclizine This is a medication given to reduce or stop the attack. Diphenhydramine This is a medication given to reduce the severity or stop the attack.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma. which of the following pieces of information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Driving can be dangerous due to the loss of peripheral vision Laser surgery can help re-establish the flow of aqueous humor

Postoperative interventions

Elevate the head of the bed 30 to 45 degrees turn the client to the back or non-operative side Provide an eye patch as prescribed. Orient the client to the environment. Position the client's personal belongings to the non-operative side Used side rails for safety assist with ambulation

what is the function of the eustachian tube?

Equalizes the pressure in the middle ear with the atmospheric pressure

A nurse is caring for a client with a history of repeated middle ear infection. The client says my doctor told me these infections are due to an obstruction of the structure that connects the middle ear to the throat. The nurse should identify that the provider is referring to which of the following structure?

Eustachian tube

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a class of new parents about otitis media. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching

Feeling of fullness in the ear ( a pt who has a otitis media can develop a feeling of fullness in the ear are symptoms are ear pain, cracking sounds when yawning or swallowing and Mild dizziness)

A nurse is collecting data from a client is experiencing an obstruction of the flow of the vitreous humor in the eye. The nurse should identify that this manifestation is consistent with which of the following eye disorder?

Glaucoma

The nurse is caring for a client in the clinic. The client states that a biological parent had macular degeneration and is wondering which risk factors are associated with this condition. Which of the following factors should the nurse mention as associated with macular degeneration? Select all that apply.

Hypertension Family history Female gender Smoking history long-term diet low in carotene and vitamin E.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about treatment options for profound sensorineural hearing loss. the nurse should include which of the following pieces of information about the function of Cochlear implants?

Transmits impulses directly to auditory nerve endings ( Cochlear implants directly stimulate nerve ending in the cochlea)

Which are functions of the inner ear? select all the apply?

Transmitting sound waves providing information about body position to the brain

The nurse is counseling a client who is scheduled for cataract surgery. Which of the following findings indicate post-operative infection, and should be reported by the client once discharged home? Select all that apply.

Increased redness This is a sign that indicates infection. Change in visual acuity This is a sign that indicates infection. Creamy white crusted drainage (wrong) This is a normal finding following cataract surgery. However, if the drainage became yellow or green, there is a high likelihood of infection and should be reported. Photophobia This is a sign that indicates infection. Increased tearing This is a sign that indicates infection.

A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client who has blepharitis which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

Inspect the eyes for drainage or redness

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is preoperative for cataract surgery. The nurse should include in the teaching that which of the following is an adverse effect of cataract surgery?

Intraocular hemorrhage

The nurse performing a physical assessment of an 80-year-old clients documents the structural disorder known as entropion. What Occur in this condition?

Inward turning of the lid margin is common in older adults

The nurse is caring for a client with Meniere's disease. The client asks how the Hydrops diet is beneficial for this condition. Which of the following is an appropriate answer to the client's question?

It stabilizes fluid levels to prevent excess endolymph accumulation

meclizine

It will improve symptoms of vertigo." Meclizine, also known as Antivert, is an anticholinergic antiemetic. is used to treat or prevent nausea, vomiting, and dizziness caused by motion sickness. It is also used to treat symptoms of vertigo (dizziness or spinning sensation) caused by disease that affects your inner ear.

what symtoms does the nurse expect to see with a pt diagnosed with macular degeneration?

Macular degeneration is caused by damage to the center of the retina called the macula. Clients may experience blurred central vision and the inability to see small details while reading.

which is the function of the aqueous humor?

Maintain intraocular pressure

mannitol and the development of peripheral edema

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that drains fluid out of the cell into the vascular spaces which can cause the body to go into fluid volume overload

The nurse is assessing a client for a deviated septum who experienced a facial injury about a week ago. Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect to see for this diagnosis? Select all that apply.

New onset of snoring Recurrent epistaxis Localized facial pain Decreased sense of smell Visual displacement of the nose .

The nurse's assistant and ophthalmologist with a test to measure the pressure in the eyes of a client to detect glaucoma which test is being performed

Tonometry

You have a client who has had epistaxis for the past 3 hours that hasn't stopped since waking up. What is the priority nursing intervention at this time?

Place pressure above the nostrils

A client has been diagnosed with hearing loss related to advancing age. What is the proper term for this diagnosis?

Presbycusis

The client has been diagnosed with Meniere's disease. What is a priority nursing intervention?

Provide anti-vertigo medications The priority nursing intervention is to provide anti-vertigo medication, because vertigo can be severe and cause nausea and vomiting.

A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client who has presbyopia. Which of the following activities should the nurse expect the client to have difficulty?

Reading the newspaper

and nurses caring for a clients with Gustatory disorder. the nurse knows that which is a sign of gustatory disorder

Reduced interest in eating

A nurse is collecting data from a client who reports vision loss that began with a flash of light followed by a curtain across the field of vision. The nurse should identify that these manifestations indicate which of the following I this order?

Retinal detachment

A nurse is reviewing the medical records of a patient is experiencing tinnitus in both ears. Which of the following items in the client's medical record should the nurse identify as a risk factor for tinnitus? Sclerosis of the ossicle (sclerosis of the ossicle, called otosclerosis is an overgrowth of tissue of the bone in the middle ear which can cause tinnitus and conductive hearing loss) *The Chronic use of NSAIDs such as aspirin can cause tinitis *the use of high ceiling diuretics such as furosemide can cause sinusitis

Sclerosis of the ossicle (sclerosis of the ossicle, called otosclerosis is an overgrowth of tissue of the bone in the middle ear which can cause tinnitus and conductive hearing loss) *The Chronic use of NSAIDs such as aspirin can cause tinitis *the use of high ceiling diuretics such as furosemide can cause tinnitus

Manifestations of acute angle closure glaucoma

Severe eye pain, Halos around the lights, blurred vision, headaches, brow pain, nausea and vomiting

The nurse is caring for a client who had cataract surgery. When performing discharge teaching, for which of the following complications should the nurse instruct the client to monitor? Select all that apply. Slight eyelid swelling This is an expected finding following cataract surgery. Bleeding from the eye If the eye is bleeding after discharge from the hospital, the client should call the provider right away, as this is not a normal finding. Green thick drainage from the eye This can indicate infection. Decreased vision This is an unexpected finding following cataract surgery; the provider should follow up on this. Mild eye itching This is an expected finding following cataract surgery.

Slight eyelid swelling This is an expected finding following cataract surgery. *Bleeding from the eye If the eye is bleeding after discharge from the hospital, the client should call the provider right away, as this is not a normal finding. *Green thick drainage from the eye This can indicate infection. *Decreased vision This is an unexpected finding following cataract surgery; the provider should follow up on this. Mild eye itching This is an expected finding following cataract surgery.

A nurse is collecting data from client who has a new diagnosis of Mastoiditis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect

Swelling behind affected ear

The nurses providing teaching for a 7 year old child who's having polyethlyne (PE) Tubes inserted because of the recurrent in your ear infection. what teaching point should the nurse provide to this client and family?

The child should not use a shower or swim

Macular degeneration can be prevented or slowed by

The client catches the problem early. Regularly scheduled eye exams are essential the client should not smoke eat a healthy diet take the ARED vitamins sustain a healthy weight and keep blood pressure and other diseases under control

The nurse is caring for a client with macular degeneration. Which of the following is true about this condition? The client has a decline in peripheral vision The client experiences blurred vision It has no impact on ADLs There is no visual distortion

The client has a decline in peripheral vision (wrong) Central vision is impaired with this condition, but not peripheral vision. *The client experiences blurred vision This is one of the signs of macular degeneration. It has no impact on ADLs (wrong) Macular degeneration has a significant impact on ADL's and can result in the person moving to an assisted living facility for more assistance. There is no visual distortion. (wrong Visual distortion is one of the signs of macular degeneration

a 30 year old clients are at the community health care center reports in dizziness and feeling of room spinning. based on this client symptoms, which condition best describes what the clients most likely experiencing?

Vertigo

A nurse is irrigating the ear of a client to clear an external auditory canal obstruction. which measure should the nurse employee when caring of this for this clients?

Warm the irrigating solution to body temperature

which client should the nurse monitor for tactile sense disorder?

a client who has uncontrollable diabetes

the nurse is preparing a client for an Electro retinogram ERG to confirm a diagnosis of friendly Titus pigmentosa. which explanation should be included in the preparation of this client?

a contact lens containing an electrode will be placed on your eye

The nurse is caring for a client with a prosthetic eye. which information should be included in discharge education?

ask the client to Blink to seat the prosthetic in place

Conductive hearing loss using the rinne test

air conduction is less than bone conduction Weber test sound is lateralizing to the left ear

The client should be provided these instructions to help prevent a detached retina in the future:

always wear eye protection; schedule regular eye exams; wear sunglasses when in the sun; wear safety goggles when playing contact sports; and avoid lifting heavy weights.

When an ophthalmologist suspects progression of macular degeneration, the health care provider (HCP) might conduct what test?

an amsler grid test. An Amsler grid test checks the client's eyes to detect lines that might look distorted or wavy and to assess for areas of the client's visual field that may be missing. The grid should be taped at the client's eye level so the client has consistent non-glaring light

a nurses caring for a clients with a sty on his left upper eyelid. which measure should the nurse employ when caring for this clients?

apply warm and moist compresses over the eyelid

a client who was in a motor vehicle accident has a black eye. What nursing interventions is appropriate for this clients?

apply warm packs to the eye once the swelling has stopped

The treatment of macular degeneration may include inhibition therapy of intravitreal injections of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Injections must be administered between 4-12 weeks from the last shot. VEGF is a molecule that is healthy and supports new blood growth.

inhibition therapy of intravitreal injections of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Injections must be administered between 4-12 weeks from the last shot. VEGF is a molecule that is healthy and supports new blood growth.

the nurse is a system with that caloric test to determine if an alteration exists in the vestibular origin of the acoustic nerve. which interventions will the nurse Implement during the procedure to support the desired results?

instill called and or warm water into the external ear canal

a client sustains a chemical eye injury from a splash of battery acid. the nurse should prepare the clients for which immediate measures?

irrigating the eye with sterile normal saline

a hospitalized client wakes up in the morning with his eyelids sticking together from a thick and copies discharge. after the nurse applies warm soaks to help remove the crust, the clients then reports spain, redness, and itching of the eye what inflammatory disorder would be suspected?

conjunctivitis

which factor is normal vision dependent upon?

contrast between object and background

Open-angle glaucoma

causes gradual peripheral vision loss. It often goes unnoticed until it is severe

medicine for the eye

choleringic -miotics- constrict pilocarpine sympathomitcs -mydriatics- dilate the eye beta blockers decrease production of AH alpha agonisTS "idine": brimonidine decreases aqueous humor production prostaglandin analogs "prost" bimatprost-->increase drainage of aqueous humor no systemic absorption but it makes eyelashes thick and changes color of iris to brown Rho kinase inhibitor "netarsudil" increase the drainage of aqueous humor. causes dilation : side effect is conjunctival hyperemia (red eyes)

Acetazolamide

chronic open angle glaucoma pt teaching report paresthesia to HCP contraindication: allegory to solfa drugs

Phenylephrine hydrochloride

is a mydriatic drug which dilates the pupil; however, it also constricts small blood vessels in the eye. The other choices are incorrect.

Retinoblastoma

is a rare type of malignant eye cancer of the retina that affects young children. (less than 2)

post-op edu after glaucoma surgery

go to all post op appts no driving until cleared by the md protective sunglasses in when direct sunlight instill eye drops don't rub the eyed and avoid activities that increase eye pressure no bending, straightening,( use stool softener) or lifting of heavy objects, no contact lenses wear eye sheild blurred vision, teary eyes, itchy eyes is normal report any sudden vision loss or severe pain monitor signs of infection, fever, extremely redness and vision changes

When a diabetic client complains of having floaters, dark areas of vision, blurry, distorted vision, and damaged color vision, he is describing

diabetic retinopathy.

A nurse is caring for a client who is diagnosed with Meniere disease. Which measure should the nurse take when caring for this client?

explain all the actions to the clients ahead of time

A detached retina is the separation of the retina resulting in loss of vision. A detached retina is caused by

eye injury from blunt force trauma to the head, being hit in the head by a baseball bat, being hit by a moving car, and a retina tea

Safety measures for Meniere's disease may include

fall precautions, slow position changes, and a low-sodium diet. Alcohol, caffeine, and smoking should be avoided to help prevent sudden attacks and flare-ups. Food with high sugar content may worsen Meniere's flare-ups. An elevated glucose triggers insulin to respond and sodium is retained by insulin

A nurse is caring for a client with Contusion injury to his right eye. which sign reported by the client should alert the nurse to a possible detached retina?

flashes of Light

a client arrives in the emergency department after an automobile crash. the clients forehead hit the steering wheel and I have and a hyphema has been diagnosed. which position should the nurse prefer to position the clients?

* on bed rest in a semi-fowler position

The nurses caring for a client after enucleation And notes the presence of bright red drainage on the dressing. the nurse should take which appropriate action?

* report the findings to the registered nurse

Which statement describes the result in Vision dysfunction caused by astigmatism?

* Cannot bring horizontal and vertical lies into focus at the same time

What condition results from dysfunction of the lacrimal gland?

* Dry irritated eyes

the nurse is assisting with the developing a teaching plan for the clients with the glaucoma. which instruction should the nurse suggest to include in the plan of care?

* I medications might need to be administered for the rest of your life

What information should the nurse provide the clients when discussing the function of the cornea?

* Influences visual acuity by refracting light

Which nerve is responsible for carrying sensation of eye pain?

* Trigeminal nerve

The nurse is assigned to care for a client with a diagnosis of a detached retina. Which findings would indicate that the bleeding has occurred as a result of retinal detachment?

* Vision might be cloudy *complains of a burst of black spots or floaters

the nurse is assigned to care for a client with detached retina. which findings should the nurse expect to be documented in the client's record?

* a sense of a curtain falling across the field of vision

The nurse is preparing to reinforce a teaching plan for a client who is undergoing cataract extraction with intraocular implants. which home care measures should the nurse include in the plan?

* avoid activities that require bending over * take acetaminophen for minor eye discomfort * to contract to contact decision if at the decrease in visual acute acuitty acquity occur

A client is diagnosed with glaucoma. which data Gathering by the nurse indicates a risk factor associated with glaucoma?

* hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity

A clients arrives at the emergency department with foreign body in the left ear that has been determined to be an insect. which initial intervention should the nurse anticipate to be prescribed?

* installation of mineral oil or diluted alcohol

The nurse is providing teaching to a client with sinusitis. Which of the following are complications related to sinusitis? Select all that apply. Cellulitis Abscess Meningitis Pneumonia Strep throat

*Cellulitis Cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the skin that can occur as a complication of sinusitis. This can likely occur around the eye. Test taking tip: Focus on the subject of the question: "complications". Think about what is a logical progression of sinusitis, and what you know to be true of the incorrect answers - the lungs are far away from the sinuses, and strep throat is caused by a specific organism - streptococcus. *Abscess Sinusitis can lead to other infections in the area, including an abscess. *Meningitis This is rare, but central head infections such as sinusitis can spread into the brain, causing meningitis. Pneumonia(wrong) The lungs are separated from the sinuses, so the progression of sinusitis does not include the lungs. Strep throat (wrong) Strep throat is caused by streptococcus, which is a specific bacteria.

The nurse notes that the client has conductive hearing loss. Which of the following contribute to this type of hearing loss? Select all that apply. Cerumen Loud noises Otosclerosis Meniere's disease(wrong) Middle ear disease

*Cerumen Cerumen is earwax. This will cause conductive hearing loss because it causes a blockage of sound waves. Loud noises(wrong) This factor is sensorineural hearing loss, which is a pathological process of the inner ear or sensory fibers and usually results in permanent hearing loss. *Otosclerosis Otosclerosis is the abnormal growth of bone in the middle ear which will cause blockage of sound waves. Meniere's disease(wrong) This factor is sensorineural hearing loss, which is a pathological process of the sensory fibers that cause extreme vertigo and usually result in permanent hearing loss. *Middle ear disease Conductive hearing loss refers to blocked sound waves because of external or middle ear disorders. They are often corrected with no permanent or minimal hearing damage. Middle ear disease is a cause because it causes a blockage of sound waves.

The nurse is assessing a client with complaints of nasal congestion and nasal swelling. Which of the following symptoms would be additional indications of sinusitis? Select all that apply. Facial pressure Headache Fever Cough Clear nasal drainage

*Facial pressure This is a common symptom of sinusitis. The inflamed sinus will cause facial pressure. *Headache This is a common symptom of sinusitis. The inflamed sinus will cause headaches. *circleFever This is a common symptom of sinusitis. The sinuses are inflamed and typically full of infection which causes a fever. *Cough This is a common symptom of sinusitis. The sinuses are inflamed and typically full of infection which will drain and cause a cough. Clear nasal drainage (wrong) Clear drainage does not indicate an infection. If the drainage were purulent or bloody, it could indicate sinusitis.

A nurse is caring for a client who had cataract surgery. Which of the following interventions will help prevent postoperative complications? Select all that apply. Follow up if there is yellow or green drainage from the eye Wear a patch on the eye for two weeks Use drops to constrict the pupil if a lens implant has been used. Bend over carefully from the waist when picking things up Use eye drops as directed

*Follow up if there is yellow or green drainage from the eye The client should follow up if there is yellow or green drainage from the eye, because this indicates infection. Wear a patch on the eye for two weeks (wrong) An eye patch is not necessary after cataract surgery, but sunglasses should be worn when the client is outside to prevent UV rays from damaging the eyes. *Use drops to constrict the pupil if a lens implant has been used Eye drops should be administered for 2-4 weeks in order to constrict the pupil if a lens implant has been used. Bend over carefully from the waist when picking things up (wrong) A client should bend at the knee when picking something up, and avoid bending at the waist or coughing or sneezing, which increase intraocular pressure. *Use eye drops as directed Eye drops are typically prescribed for the client with cataract surgery.

The nurse is caring for a client who is asking about ways to prevent sensorineural hearing loss. Which of the following would be an appropriate response? Minimize exposure to loud music Clean out your ears with a Q-tip after bathing Watch the news at a loud volume to hear every word Stay away from nephrotoxic medications

*Minimize exposure to loud music Sensorineural is a pathological process in which the inner ear or sensory fibers are damaged. This is usually an irreversible condition. Exposure to loud environments can cause sensorineural hearing loss, and should be avoided if possible. Clean out your ears with a Q-tip after bathing (wrong) This can cause harm to the inner ear structures. Watch the news at a loud volume to hear every word (wrong) Loud volumes can contribute to sensorineural hearing loss. Stay away from nephrotoxic medications (wrong) The client should avoid ototoxic medications rather than nephrotoxic medications to prevent sensorineural hearing loss.

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of Meniere's disease. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect to see in this client? Select all that apply. Tinnitus Vertigo Diarrhea Difficulty breathing. Facial swelling

*Tinnitus This, along with vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and a feeling of fullness in the ear are key characteristics of Meniere's disease. *Vertigo This, along with tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, and a feeling of fullness in the ear are key characteristics of Meniere's disease. Diarrhea(wrong) This is not a common finding in Meniere's disease. Difficulty breathing(wrong) This finding is associated with some anaphylactic reactions, but these are not related to Meniere's disease. Facial swelling(wrong) This finding is associated with some anaphylactic reactions, but these are not related to Meniere's disease.

When someone has a shard of glass in the eye

, the nurse should use a small container and immerse the affected eye in sterile normal saline. The nurse should have the student open the eye while immersed in the saline and blink a few times to flush the foreign object out of the eye.

The nurse caring for a client following eye surgery reports to the surgeon that the client is showing signs of ptosis (drooping eyelid). What might this finding indicate? A) Dehydration B) Paralysis C) Edema D) Hemorrhage

Ans: C Feedback: The nurse should report any paralysis of the face or on the operative side or ptosis (drooping eyelid) immediately. These findings may indicate damage to the facial nerve or the presence of edema.

The nurse is caring for a patient in the hospital who is visually impaired. Which of the following nursing considerations would be appropriate for this client? Select all that apply. A) Let the client know when you are leaving the room. B) Speak in a louder tone to compensate for loss of vision. C) Touch clients before speaking to them to keep from frightening them. D) Identify self when entering the room. E) Place food on the plate in a "clock position" and identify the food. F) Lightly push the client from behind when helping the client to ambulate.

Ans: A, D, E Feedback: When caring for a visually impaired client, the nurse should let the client know when entering or leaving the room, place the client's food in the same "clock position" for every meal, and identify each food.

A client visits a community clinic with complaints of severe allergies causing a "crackling sensation" in the ear. The diagnosis is serous otitis media. Which of the following is a characteristic of this condition? A) Fluid collects in the middle ear, causing an obstruction of the auditory tube. B) An upper respiratory infection spreads through the auditory tube. C) This condition develops if acute purulent otitis media is not treated promptly. D) This condition is usually associated with a punctured eardrum.

Ans: A Feedback: Serous otitis media results from fluid that collects in the middle ear, causing an obstruction of the auditory tube. This condition may stem from infection, allergy, tumors, or sudden changes in altitude.

A client visits the healthcare facility with an insect fluttering in his ear. Which of the following should the nurse do to extract the insect? A) Administer a few drops of mineral oil. B) Apply eardrops containing acetic acid. C) Apply eardrops containing boric acid. D) Administer a few drops of glycerin.

Ans: A Feedback: The nurse should administer a few drops of mineral oil, which will anesthetize or kill the insect, causing It to float out when the client's head is turned to the affected side.

A nurse is caring for a client who is diagnosed with Ménière's disease. Which of the following measures should the nurse take when caring for this client? A) Encourage the client to take in more fluids. B) Elevate the head of the bed to about 45 degrees. C) Explain all actions to the client ahead of time. D) Provide the client a diet rich in sodium.

Ans: C Feedback: When caring for a client with Ménière's disease, the nurse should explain all actions ahead of time because sudden actions may precipitate an attack.

The nurse performing a physical assessment of an 80-year-old client documents the structural disorder known as entropion. What occurs in this condition? A) There is an outward turning of the eyelid caused by the aging process. B) There is drooping of the upper eyelid owing to muscle weakness or nerve damage. C) There is an inward turning of the lid margin common in older adults D) There is increased fluid pressure within the eye.

Ans: C Feedback: With entropion, an inward turning of the lid margin occurs in which the lower lashes turn inward and irritate the conjunctiva and cornea. An outward turning of the eyelid is known as ectropion, drooping of the eyelid is called ptosis, and increased eye pressure is known as glaucoma.

A client is having epistaxis. How should the nurse instruct the client to position themselves?

Leaned forward Clients with epistaxis should lean foward to prevent blood from running down the back of the throat

Macular degeneration

is caused by damage to the center of the retina called the macula. Clients may experience blurred central vision and the inability to see small details while reading. A client with bilateral macular degeneration who is independent should have the food tray placed to the periphery of his visual field. Central vision is blurred so the client should not have anything placed in his central vision. The nurse should stand and talk to the client on his peripheral side of his visual field

a client calls the clinic stating that she has a detached retina. what sentence will The Client tell the nurse she's exhibiting? select all

flashes of light hairnet like vision curtain over half of the vision floaters and cobweb looking vision

retinal detachment s/s

floating spots in the vision curtain coming across field of vision

Which is a characteristics of serous otitis media?

fluid collects in the middle ear, causing an obstruction of the auditory tube

The nurse is entering the hospital room of a client who has severe here in deficit. which nursing consideration will be appropriate for this clients? select all the apply

get the clients attention before speaking face the client on the same level speak slowly and clearly Use hand motion to facilitate conversation Verify that the person understand the conversation

Open agle glaucoma

silent (not alot of symtoms in the beginning) increase IOP Tunnel vision (loss of peripheral vision) no pain optic disc cupping

enucleation

surgical removal of the eyeball

When a client has a blunt injury to the eye causing a contusion,

the nurse should apply an ice pack immediately. Ice reduces swelling, pain, and bruising.

A flight attendant diagnosed with Meniere's disease may exhibit

tinnitus, vertigo, vomiting, and unilateral hearing loss.

A client who undergoes a retinal detachment repair should be instructed

to avoid straining to defecate, to report sudden or new vision loss, avoid rubbing or scratching the affected eye avoid reading, watching TV, and the computer for a few days.

he best options to prevent flare-ups of Meniere's disease may include

to stop smoking, decrease sodium in the diet, avoid alcohol avoid loud noises, avoid caffeine, manage stress, and use fall precautions.

What is the function of the ears semicircular canal?

transmits information on the body's position to the brain

which teaching point should be included in post surgery education for a client scheduled for eye surgery? select all

wear a metal shield if prescribed for up to 4 weeks on the second post-operative day, clean the eye with moist cotton balls avoid sudden movements and straining at stool

instructions to prevent and treat eye injuries may include

wearing protective eyewear such as goggles and glasses whenever possible; if water is accessible, irrigate the affected eye(s) with lukewarm water for 20 minutes with chemical splashes; avoid rubbing the eye(s) splashed with the chemical substance; and if an object gets lodged in the eye, stabilize it and then come to the nearest emergency department. With penetrating injuries, please do not remove the client's contact lenses-let the health care provider (HCP) remove them. Eye drops and ointments should be avoided with penetrating and chemical splashing eye injuries.

Meniere's disease is caused by a collection of major fluid within the ear typically affecting only one side. Meniere's disease affects the ear labyrinth membranes causing permanent hearing loss with flare-ups of vertigo and ringing of the ears.

with meniere's disease, hearing loss comes and goes during attacks

The parents of a 2 year old Bring their son to the clinic complaining that the child's right eye is crossed and misaligned. the parents stated they had never noticed these changes until today. what information should be conveyed to the parents by the healthcare provider?

your child has starbismus which is a late sign of retinoblastoma.

The nurse is caring for a pediatric client who was just diagnosed with conductive hearing loss related to a perforated eardrum. The client's parent asks about other conditions that can cause conductive hearing loss. Which of the following are causes of conductive hearing loss? Select all that apply. Cerumen obstruction Bulging eardrum Otosclerosis Tumor in the inner ear canal . Playing music too loud

*Cerumen obstruction Conductive hearing loss is caused when sound waves are blocked to the inner ear, due to an obstruction of the external or middle ear, or disorders of these areas. *Bulging eardrum Conductive hearing loss is caused when sound waves are blocked to the inner ear, due to an obstruction of the external or middle ear, or disorders of these areas. *Otosclerosis Conductive hearing loss is caused when sound waves are blocked to the inner ear, due to an obstruction of the external or middle ear, or disorders of these areas. Tumor in the inner ear canal (wrong) Since conductive hearing loss does not involve the inner ear, this answer is incorrect. A tumor in the middle ear, however, would be correct and could lead to conductive hearing loss. Playing music too loud (wrong) This would not cause inflammation or obstruction of the external or middle ear. However, this could cause sensorineural hearing loss, which is more permanent and irreversible than conductive hearing loss.

Which is the correct order of the steps in the path taken by the sound waves to the brain?

1. sound waves enter through the ear's external auditory canal and strike the tympanic membrane 2. the tympanic membrane vibrates at various speeds in response to various pitches of sound 3. The icicles within the middle ear act as a movable bridge to transmit these vibrations to the oval window, which amplifies the sound waves 4. the stapes vibrate against the membrane, setting the fluid of the cochlea in motion, which in turn passes on to the hair-like nerve endings in the organ of Corti 5. The stimuli in the organ of Corti are sent to the vestibulocochlear nerve and then to the temporal lobe in the cerebral cortex, where the sounds are interpreted

The nurse is caring for a client with a prosthetic eye. Which of the following is a recommended guideline for inserting a prosthetic eye? A) Make sure the prosthesis is dry when inserting it. B) Close the eyelid and slip the prosthesis under the top lid. C) Press inward on the bottom of the prosthesis to seat it in place. D) Ask the client to blink to seat the prosthesis in place.

Ans: D Feedback: When inserting a prosthetic eye, the nurse should ask the client to blink to seat it in place after inserting it.

A nurse is assessing a client for mydriasis. What findings would support this?

Size 8 mm pupils

which Symptoms that correlate with the early stages of the development of cataracts? Select all that apply. Slightly blurred vision Decreased color perception Double vision Difficulty with ADLs Unilateral eye pain

Slightly blurred vision This is an early manifestation of cataract development. Decreased color perception This is an early manifestation of cataract development. Double vision (wrong) This is associated with more progressed cataracts. Difficulty with ADLs (wrong) This is associated with more progressed cataracts. Unilateral eye pain (wrong) The development of cataracts is painless.

Ear Medications

affected ear up adults pull up and out child down and back remain tilted for 2 to 5 min after med administration never touch the dropper into the ear itself (to prevent infection) keep medication warm

eye medication

drop meds into the conjunctival sack never touch the tip of the applicator to the eye close the eye after administration (never rub the eye apply gentle pressure to the corner of the canthus duct to prevent systemic absorption wait 5 min to apply another meds

A provider is using an opthalmoscope to assess a client. Which body part is being assessed?

eye

TRUE OR FALSE: If a patient has bilateral cataracts and needs surgery, both eyes can be surgically treated at the same time.

false

a pt is diagnosed with glaucoma what signs and symtoms should the nurse expect

haloes around the light decreased peripheral vision blurred vision glaucoma medications needs to be taken or else the pt will go blind

The nurse is caring for a client who is evaluated up for the sensorineural hearing loss. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect to observe in this client? Select all that apply. Lateralization to the unaffected ear during the Weber test Lateralization to the affected ear during the Weber test (wrong) Air conduction greater than bone conduction bilaterally during the Rinne test Air conduction greater than bone conduction in the unaffected ear during the Rinne test (wrong) Normal appearance of external ear canal and tympanic membrane

*Lateralization to the unaffected ear during the Weber test This finding is associated with sensorineural hearing loss. Sensorineural hearing loss occurs when a problem occurs in either the inner ear or the auditory nerve, which delivers sound to the brain. Lateralization to the affected ear during the Weber test (wrong) This finding is associated with conductive hearing loss. Conductive hearing loss, which means sound is not reaching the inner ear, is usually due to an obstruction or trauma. *Air conduction greater than bone conduction bilaterally during the Rinne test This finding is associated with sensorineural hearing loss. Sensorineural hearing loss occurs when there is a problem occurring in either the inner ear or the auditory nerve, which delivers sound to the brain Air conduction greater than bone conduction in the unaffected ear during the Rinne test (wrong) This finding is associated with conductive hearing loss. Conductive hearing loss, which means sound is not reaching the inner ear, is usually due to an obstruction or trauma. *Normal appearance of external ear canal and tympanic membrane Normal appearance of external ear canal and tympanic membrane is expected in sensorineural hearing loss

Your patient is having a phacoemulsification for treatment of a cataract. You're providing education to the patient about the procedure. Which statement by the patient demonstrates he understood the educational material provided about this procedure? A. "The cloudy lens in my eye will be broken up with sound waves and removed. Then a new permanent lens, called an intraocular lens, will be placed in my eye." B. "A small air bubble is injected into the eye to help push the retina back into position to help the lens refract light." C. "An incision is made to remove the trabecular meshwork, which will help drain fluid out of the cloudy lens." D. "The surgeon will remove parts of the iris and lens."

A. "The cloudy lens in my eye will be broken up with sound waves and removed. Then a new permanent lens, called an intraocular lens, will be placed in my eye." B. "A small air bubble is injected into the eye to help push the retina back into position to help the lens refract light." C. "An incision is made to remove the trabecular meshwork, which will help drain fluid out of the cloudy lens." D. "The surgeon will remove parts of the iris and lens."

. Which is statement below CORRECT about glaucoma? A. "The vision loss that occurs with glaucoma is reversible with eye drop medications." B. "Glaucoma occurs due to decreased intraocular pressure, which damages the optic nerve." C. "Surgery can cure glaucoma." D. "A normal intraocular pressure is about 10-21 mmHg and is elevated in most patients with glaucoma."

A. "The vision loss that occurs with glaucoma is reversible with eye drop medications." B. "Glaucoma occurs due to decreased intraocular pressure, which damages the optic nerve." C. "Surgery can cure glaucoma." D. "A normal intraocular pressure is about 10-21 mmHg and is elevated in most patients with glaucoma."

. Your patient has a history of angle-closure glaucoma. What type of medications should this patient avoid? A. Anticholinergics B. Cholinergics C. Beta blockers D. Alpha-agonists anticholinergics cause dilation of the pupils...therefore, patients with angle-closure glaucoma should avoid these medications

A. Anticholinergics B. Cholinergics C. Beta blockers D. Alpha-agonists anticholinergics cause dilation of the pupils...therefore, patients with angle-closure glaucoma should avoid these medications

Which activity below is allowed after cataract surgery? A. Bending B. Running C. Watching TV D. Swimming

A. Bending B. Running C. Watching TV D. Swimming

A patient with open-angle glaucoma has developed thicker and longer eyelashes and reports a darkening of their eye color. You assess the patient's medication list. What glaucoma medication on the patient's medication list can cause this side effect? A. Bimatoprost B. Pilocarpine C. Acetazolamide D: Timolol

A. Bimatoprost B. Pilocarpine C. Acetazolamide D: Timolol

2. What is the most common cause of cataracts? A. Congenital B. Aging C. Trauma D. Uncontrolled blood glucose levels

A. Congenital B. Aging C. Trauma D. Uncontrolled blood glucose levels

Your patient, who has open-angle glaucoma, is scheduled for a procedure that will remove some of the trabecular meshwork and create an opening to allow aqueous humor to collect in an area of the conjunctiva. This procedure will allow aqueous humor to be reabsorbed and help decrease IOP. As the nurse you know that you will need to provide pre-op and post-op patient education about what procedure below? A. Iridectomy B. Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) C. Laser iridotomy D. Trabeculectomy

A. Iridectomy B. Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) C. Laser iridotomy D. Trabeculectomy

The patient is ordered to take Timolol for the treatment of glaucoma. Before administration the nurse will educate the patient about this new medication. Which of the following information is the MOST pertinent the nurse to include? A. Measuring the heart rate because this medication can cause tachycardia. B. Performing punctal occlusion after instilling the eye drops. C. Avoid taking this medication with any other glaucoma medications. D. Always administer this medication 1 minute before another type of glaucoma medication.

A. Measuring the heart rate because this medication can cause tachycardia. B. Performing punctal occlusion after instilling the eye drops. C. Avoid taking this medication with any other glaucoma medications. D. Always administer this medication 1 minute before another type of glaucoma medication.

A patient with glaucoma is ordered eye medication for the right eye in the form of an ointment and eye drops. The nurse will administer which type of medication first?

A. Ointment and then the eye drops B. Eye drops and then the ointment

5. What signs and symptoms are present with angle-closure glaucoma? Select all that apply: A. Patients are mainly asymptomatic B. Gradual loss of peripheral vision C. Sudden vision changes (halos around lights or blurred vision) D. Severe eye pain E. Corneal edema F. Nausea and vomiting G. Red eyes H. No pain I. IOP <10 mmHg

A. Patients are mainly asymptomatic B. Gradual loss of peripheral vision C. Sudden vision changes (halos around lights or blurred vision) D. Severe eye pain E. Corneal edema F. Nausea and vomiting G. Red eyes H. No pain I. IOP <10 mmHg

Prior to cataract surgery, the nurse is ordered to administer an eye medication that paralyzes the ciliary muscle of the eye which results in the loss of accommodation. Which medication group below has this type of mechanism of action? A. Rho Kinase Inhibitors B. Mydriatrics C. Cycloplegics D. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

A. Rho Kinase Inhibitors B. Mydriatrics C. Cycloplegics D. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

. A 68-year-old male patient is considering cataract surgery. You're collecting the patient's health and medication history. Which medication below on the patient's home medication list should the nurse notify the doctor about? A. Tamsulosin B. Levothyroxine C. Atorvastatin D. Omeprazole

A. Tamsulosin B. Levothyroxine C. Atorvastatin D. Omeprazole Tamsulosin, also called Flomax, treats an enlarged prostate and relaxes the smooth muscle. It also can affect the eye's muscle such as the iris. Remember the iris is responsible for dilation and constriction of the pupils. In order to have a successful surgery to remove the cataract, the eye must be dilated properly. However, Tamsulosin (or other alpha-blockers) can make the iris floppy. The eye doctor must know that the patient is taking this medication before surgery because the patient is at risk for intraoperative floppy iris syndrome.

. A patient is scheduled to take Brimonidine and Latanoprost eye drops for management of glaucoma at 1000. What correct action below will the nurse take when administering these eye drops? A. The nurse assists the patient with using the index finger to gently place pressure at the side of the nose bridge for about 30 seconds after administering each eye drop medication. B. The nurse waits at least 3-5 minutes before administering the second eye drop medication. C. The nurse administers each eye drop directly on the eye via the cornea. D. The nurse encourages the patient to blink after each eye drop administration.

A. The nurse assists the patient with using the index finger to gently place pressure at the side of the nose bridge for about 30 seconds after administering each eye drop medication. B. The nurse waits at least 3-5 minutes before administering the second eye drop medication. C. The nurse administers each eye drop directly on the eye via the cornea. D. The nurse encourages the patient to blink after each eye drop administration.

The nurse is preparing to instill eye dilation drops in a patient before cataract surgery. The nurse confirms that the operative eye is the right eye. On assessment, the nurse notes that the patient has dark brown eyes and a cataract in the right eye. Which of the following nursing actions is incorrect prior to the instillation of the eye drops? A. The nurse will lower the lights in the room prior to administration. B. The nurse prepares the patient for blurry vision. C. The nurse is aware that pupil dilation effects will occur quickly in this patient and should be administered at a time that correlates with the actual time of the surgery. D. The nurse places the call light within reach of the patient.

A. The nurse will lower the lights in the room prior to administration. B. The nurse prepares the patient for blurry vision. C. The nurse is aware that pupil dilation effects will occur quickly in this patient and should be administered at a time that correlates with the actual time of the surgery. D. The nurse places the call light within reach of the patient. *C is incorrect because patients with dark brown eyes have a lot of pigment compared to those with blue or green eyes. The pigment binds or bounds the eye drop medication. Therefore, it takes longer for the medication to dilate the eyes, and higher doses of the medication may be needed.

Your patient is ordered to take Acetazolamide for treatment of glaucoma. What in the patient's history would you need to hold the medication and obtain an order clarification from the physician? A. The patient has open-angle glaucoma. B. The patient is allergic to sulfonamides. C. The patient reports tunnel vision. D. The patient's IOP is 25 mmHg. Patients who have a sulfonamide allergy should NOT take carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (hence Acetazolamide)

A. The patient has open-angle glaucoma. B. The patient is allergic to sulfonamides. C. The patient reports tunnel vision. D. The patient's IOP is 25 mmHg. Patients who have a sulfonamide allergy should NOT take carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (hence Acetazolamide)

. A patient will be having outpatient cataract surgery in 3 days. The surgeon ordered the patient to begin instilling two types of eye drop medications 3 days prior to the surgery. You have demonstrated and educated the patient on how to do this properly. Which action by the patient is incorrect and requires re-education about how to instill the eye drops? A. The patient instills the eye drops onto the conjunctival sac. B. The patient instilled the anti-inflammatory eye drops before the antibiotic eye drops. C. The patient waited 30 seconds before instilling the second eye drop medication into the eye. D. After instilling each type of eye drop medication, the patient kept the eye closed and took her index finger and placed it at the side of the bridge of the nose for 2 minutes.

A. The patient instills the eye drops onto the conjunctival sac. B. The patient instilled the anti-inflammatory eye drops before the antibiotic eye drops. C. The patient waited 30 seconds before instilling the second eye drop medication into the eye. D. After instilling each type of eye drop medication, the patient kept the eye closed and took her index finger and placed it at the side of the bridge of the nose for 2 minutes. *It does not matter the sequence for how the eye drops are instilled (anti-inflammatory vs. antibiotic)

A patient is 2 hours post-op from cataract surgery in the right eye. You're collecting vital signs and assessing the patient. Which finding in your patient after cataract surgery requires to you re-educate the patient? A. The patient is asleep on their right side. B. The patient is wearing the eye shield while asleep. C. The patient fell asleep watching TV. D. The patient is not wearing his glasses.

A. The patient is asleep on their right side. B. The patient is wearing the eye shield while asleep. C. The patient fell asleep watching TV. D. The patient is not wearing his glasses.

You're observing a patient self-administer eye drops for the treatment of glaucoma. Which finding below requires you to re-educate the patient on how to administer eye drops correctly? A. The patient refrains from blinking after instilling the eye drops. B. The patient washes hands before and after administering the eye drops. C. The patient uses a tissue to catch any medication that drips out of the eye after administration of the drops. D. The patient places the drops of medication directly on the eye via the cornea.

A. The patient refrains from blinking after instilling the eye drops. B. The patient washes hands before and after administering the eye drops. C. The patient uses a tissue to catch any medication that drips out of the eye after administration of the drops. D. The patient places the drops of medication directly on the eye via the cornea.

You're providing care to a patient who just had glaucoma surgery. The patient is alert and oriented. Vital signs are: heart rate 82 bpm, blood pressure 110/80, oxygen saturation 97% on room air, respiratory rate 18, and pain rating of 2 on 1-10 scale. Which patient finding below requires you to notify the physician? A. The patient reports blurred vision. B. The patient is having difficulty passing stool and reports constipation. C. The patient reports that the eyes feel itchy. D. The patient's eyes are frequently tearing up.

A. The patient reports blurred vision. B. The patient is having difficulty passing stool and reports constipation. C. The patient reports that the eyes feel itchy. D. The patient's eyes are frequently tearing up.

In your patient's health history you read that the patient has a cataract in the right eye. You know that this eye disorder can be best described by which statement below? A. This eye disorder is caused by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve. B. Cataracts occur in the eye when the macula of the retina become damaged and impair the central vision. C. The development of a cataract occurs when the lens of the eye loses its transparency. D. This eye disorder occurs from uncontrolled high blood glucose levels which lead to retinal damage.

A. This eye disorder is caused by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve. B. Cataracts occur in the eye when the macula of the retina become damaged and impair the central vision. C. The development of a cataract occurs when the lens of the eye loses its transparency. D. This eye disorder occurs from uncontrolled high blood glucose levels which lead to retinal damage. * Option A describes glaucoma, option B describes macular degeneration, and option D describes diabetic retinopathy.

. You're providing an educational seminar to a group of senior citizens about glaucoma. You explain to the participants about the differences between open-angle and angle-closure glaucoma in relation to the drainage angle of the eye. A participant asks what type of examination an be performed to assess the drainage angle of the eye. Your response is? A. Tonometry B. Ophthalmoscopy C. Retinoscopy D. Gonioscopy

A. Tonometry B. Ophthalmoscopy C. Retinoscopy D. Gonioscopy

. A patient is experiencing a severe case of acute angle-closure glaucoma. The patient is not a candidate for laser intervention. The nurse would anticipate the physician would order the nurse to prep the patient for what procedure? A. Trabeculoplasty B. Trabeculectomy C. Iridectomy D. Blepharoplasty .

A. Trabeculoplasty B. Trabeculectomy C. Iridectomy D. Blepharoplasty Iridectomy is where the surgeon removes part of the iris which will help drain off aqueous humor and decrease the IOP. Options A and B are procedures to help treat open-angle glaucoma. Option C is used to treat angle-closure glaucoma and is more invasive than the laser procedure called a laser iridotomy (it's where a small hole is created in the iris with a laser to drain the increased aqueous humor). We are told in the scenario the patient is not a candidate for this procedure

Your patient is being treated for open-angle glaucoma. What assessment finding is NOT typically present with this type of glaucoma? A. Tunnel vision B. Cloudy vision C. Optic disc cupping D. High intraocular pressure Cloudy vision is associated with cataracts, while tunnel vision is associated with glaucoma due to the loss of peripheral vision.

A. Tunnel vision B. Cloudy vision C. Optic disc cupping D. High intraocular pressure Cloudy vision is associated with cataracts, while tunnel vision is associated with glaucoma due to the loss of peripheral vision.

. Your patient has several risk factors that increase his risk for developing cataracts. What preventive measures can you educate the patient about? Select all that apply: A. Wearing large brim hats while in the sun B. Eating a diet rich in vegetables and fruits C. Quit smoking D. Reducing alcohol consumption E. Managing blood glucose levels F. Scheduling regular eye exams

A. Wearing large brim hats while in the sun B. Eating a diet rich in vegetables and fruits C. Quit smoking D. Reducing alcohol consumption E. Managing blood glucose levels F. Scheduling regular eye exams

An older adult is diagnosed with the condition known as presbyopia, and is experiencing errors in far and near vision. Which of the following is the most common treatment option for this client? A) Eye surgery B) Hard contact lenses C) Bifocals D) Lens implants

Ans: C Feedback: Eyeglasses (spectacles) are prescribed to correct the refractive errors of myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia and for some low-vision ("legally blind") individuals. Bifocals, two lenses in one, may be prescribed to correct the problem of presbyopia.

The nurse is assisting an ophthalmologist with a test to measure the pressure in the eyes of a client in order to detect glaucoma. Which of the following tests is being performed? A) Tonometry B) Slit lamp examination C) Ophthalmoscopic examination D) Refractive Examination

Ans: A Feedback: An instrument called a tonometer can indirectly measure intraocular pressure (IOP), the pressure within the eye.

Several specialists are involved in the treatment of the eye. Which of the following would be licensed to perform cataract surgery? A) Ophthalmologist B) Optometrist C) Optician D) Ophthalmic technician

Ans: A Feedback: An ophthalmologist has received a Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree and has completed at least 3 years of postgraduate training in diseases and surgeries of the eye.

A client has an eye patch to allow the eye to rest following an injury playing soccer. Which of the following is a teaching point for a client with one eye patch? A) Warn the client not to drive a car or other machinery. B) Tell the client to remove the patch at night. C) Tell the client to report any changes in depth perception. D) Tell the client to report any changes in peripheral vision.

Ans: A Feedback: If one eye is patched, the client will have a loss of depth perception and peripheral vision. The client should not drive or perform duties that could be unsafe to the individual or to others. The patch is generally not removed at night.

During a routine eye examination, an elderly client provides a family history of wide-angle glaucoma. What early symptoms of wide-angle glaucoma should the nurse assess for in this client? A) Temporary blurring of vision B) Central blindness C) Halos around lights D) Flashers and floaters

Ans: A Feedback: The nurse should be aware that temporary blurring of vision is one of the early symptoms of wide-angle glaucoma. The nurse should understand that central blindness and halos around lights are late signs of wide-angle glaucoma. Flashers and floaters are characteristic features of a detached retina, not of wide-angle glaucoma.

A nurse is irrigating the ear of a client to clear an external auditory canal obstruction. Which of the following measures should the nurse employ when caring for this client? A) Warm the irrigating solution to body temperature. B) Straighten the client's ear canal down and back. C) Place the syringe at the tip of the external auditory meatus. D) Keep the ear canal wet to promote client comfort.

Ans: A Feedback: When performing ear irrigation, the nurse should warm the irrigating solution to body temperature because hot or cold solutions can stimulate the inner ear and cause nausea or dizziness.

The nurse is aware that clients with tactile difficulties may be in danger because they cannot react appropriately to external injuries or internal disorders. Which of the following clients should the nurse monitor for tactile sense disorders? A) A client after a myocardial infarction B) A client who has uncontrolled diabetes C) A client with renal failure D) A client with rheumatoid arthritis

Ans: B Feedback: A tactile sense disorder often results from a neurologic disorder. Persons with spinal cord injuries, nerve transmission deficits, or disorders in the brain's sensory area may be unable to feel or interpret pain.

A nurse is caring for a client with gustatory disorder. The nurse knows that which of the following is a sign of gustatory disorder? A) Inability to maintain balance B) Reduced interest in eating C) Lack of pain perception D) Inappropriate reaction to injuries

Ans: B Feedback: Clients with gustatory disorders have alteration in the sense of taste that causes reduced interest in eating. Gustatory sense involves the sensations of sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and others. Clients with tactile disorders, not gustatory disorders, are unable to maintain balance, have lack of pain perception, and react inappropriately to external injuries.

A hospitalized client wakes up in the morning with his eyelids sticking together from a thick and copious discharge. After the nurse applies warm soaks to help remove the crusts, the client further complains of pain, redness, and itching of the eyes. What inflammatory disorder would the nurse suspect? A) Hordeolum B) Conjunctivitis C) Chalazion D) Keratitis

Ans: B Feedback: Conjunctivitis causes pain, redness, swelling, itching, and sometimes purulent discharge (pus). The discharge may be so thick and copious that the eyelids stick together.

The nurse is assisting with a caloric test to determine if an alteration exists in the vestibular origin of the acoustic nerve. Which of the following accurately describes a step in this procedure? A) Place the client in a prone position to perform the examination. B) Instill cold and/or warm water into the external ear canal. C) Test the affected side after testing the normal side. D) Replace water with hot air for a client with a punctured eardrum.

Ans: B Feedback: During this procedure, the client is either seated or supine, and water is instilled into the external ear canal. Sometimes, warm and cold water are alternated.

A nurse is caring for a client with a contusion injury to his right eye. Which of the following signs would alert the nurse to a detached retina in this client? A) Severe eye pain B) Flashes of light C) Wavy lines D) Immediate loss of vision

Ans: B Feedback: Signs and symptoms of a detached retina may occur suddenly or gradually. If a large part of the central retina is affected, vision loss is greater than if the outer edges are destroyed.

The nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client following ear surgery in an ambulatory care center. Which of the following would the nurse include in the teaching plan for this client? A) When changing positions, sit or stand up quickly to force the ears to adjust. B) Report any fever, headache, vertigo, or ear pain immediately. C) When lying down, lie on the operative side to facilitate drainage. D) Resume normal activities after about 1 week following a check-up.

Ans: B Feedback: The nurse should instruct the client to report any fever, headache, vertigo, or ear pain immediately. The nurse should also instruct the client to change positions slowly, lie on the side prescribed by the surgeon, and resume normal activities in about 2 weeks after being checked by the surgeon.

An elderly client is diagnosed with cataracts. The client complains of double vision and says he sees halos around lights. What should the nurse expect to find in the client's eyes during the nursing assessment? A) Redness of lid margins B) Cloudiness of the lens C) Drooping of the eyelid D) Dilation of the pupils

Ans: B Feedback: The nurse should look for cloudiness of the lens in clients suspected to have cataracts. Blepharitis, not cataracts, is usually characterized by red lid margins. Drooping of the eyelid is seen in clients with ptosis and not cataracts. Cataracts are characterized by narrowing of the pupils, not dilation of the pupils.

The nurse is entering the hospital room of a client who has a severe hearing deficit. Which of the following nursing considerations would be appropriate for this client? Select all that apply. A) Speak first and then get the client's attention. B) Face the client on the same level. C) Speak slowly and clearly. D) Repeat specific words rather than entire phrases. E) Do not use hand motions to facilitate the conversation. F) Verify that the person understood the conversation.

Ans: B, C, F Feedback: The nurse should face the client on the same level, speak slowly and clearly, and verify that the client understood the conversation.

The nurse is providing preoperative teaching for a client undergoing eye surgery. Which of the following are accurate teaching points to prepare this client following the surgery? Select all that apply. A) Remove the dressings when alert. B) Wear a metal shield, if prescribed, for up to 4 weeks. C) Sleep on the operative side for the first week. D) On the second postoperative day, clean the eye with moist cotton balls. E) Avoid sudden movements and straining at stool. F) Do not lift more that 20-30 pounds for about a week.

Ans: B, D, E Feedback: Following surgery, the client should wear a metal shield, if prescribed, while sleeping or napping for up to 4 weeks to protect the eye

The nurse is preparing a client for an electroretinogram (ERG) to confirm a diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa. Which of the following explanations would be appropriate preparation for this client? A) "You will be placed in a brightly lit room for this test." B) "Radiopaque dye will be injected into your eye before the test." C) "A contact lens containing an electrode will be placed on your eye." D) "You will see a bright beam of light directed at your eye."

Ans: C Feedback: During an electroretinogram, a contact lens containing the electrode (measuring device) is placed on the eye. The client's head is under a "cone," and much of the test is done while the room is dark.

A nurse is caring for a client with a sty on his left upper eyelid. Which of the following measures should the nurse employ when caring for this client? A) Compress the sty to prevent spread of infection. B) Apply pressure patching for 24 to 48 hours. C) Apply warm, moist compresses over the eyelid. D) Administer miotic drops, as ordered.

Ans: C Feedback: The nurse should apply warm, moist compresses over the eyelid to help localize the infection. The nurse should caution the client not to squeeze or compress a sty, which could spread the infection. The nurse should apply pressure patching for 24 to 48 hours in case of corneal injuries and not when treating a sty. Miotic drops are administered when treating acute angle glaucoma, not for treating a sty.

A client who was in a motor vehicle accident has a "black eye." What nursing intervention is appropriate for this client? A) Apply warm packs to the eye for the first 24 to 48 hours. B) Apply cold packs to the eye for the first 24 to 48 hours. C) Soak the eye with normal saline for the first 24 to 48 hours. D) Apply warm packs to the eye once the swelling has stopped.

Ans: D Feedback: A blunt injury to the eye may cause swelling and bleeding into the soft tissues surrounding the orbit, resulting in a contusion or hematoma, also known as a "black eye." The nurse should applycold packs for the first 24 to 48 hours to decrease bleeding and edema. When the swelling has stopped, usually after 24 to 48 hours.

The ophthalmologist examining a client's eyes documents that the client has astigmatism. Which of the following describes this condition? A) Elongation of the eyeball B) Shorter than normal eyeball C) Loss of elasticity of the lens D) Unequal curvature in shape of the lens

Ans: D Feedback: Astigmatism is an unequal curvature in shape of the lens or cornea, myopia is elongation of the eyeball, hyperopia is a shorter than normal eyeball, and presbyopia is loss of elasticity of the lens or poor accommodation.

The nurse is providing teaching for a 7-year-old child who is having polyethylene (PE) tubes inserted because of recurrent inner ear infections. Which of the following is a teaching point for this client and family? A) The child will be on antibiotics for the first month. B) The child's ear should be plugged with cotton. C) The child should be trained to lip read. D) The child should not use a shower or swim.

Ans: D Feedback: Polyethylene (PE) tubes are often inserted through an eardrum incision into the middle ear. This procedure is most commonly done in children with recurrent ear infections.

A nurse is assisting a healthcare provider during a refractive error examination for a client with complaints of visual impairment. Which of the following measures should the nurse employ during the procedure? A) Position the client 10 feet from the phoropter. B) Place the phoropter at the sides of the client's eyes. C) Position the client 20 feet from the phoropter. D) Place the phoropter in front of the client's eyes.

Ans: D Feedback: When performing a refractive examination for a client, the nurse should place the phoropter in front of the client's eyes.

The nurse is preparing to discharge a client who experienced a severe epistaxis episode which required electrocautery and nasal packing. When providing discharge teaching, which of the following education topics are appropriate? Select all that apply. Avoid showering for one week Showering does not affect the healing process. Avoid vigorous nose blowing Avoid Aspirin use for one month Continue a strenuous exercise regimen Continue taking NSAIDs for pain control

Avoid showering for one week Showering does not affect the healing process. *Avoid vigorous nose blowing This can cause the epistaxis to return. *Avoid Aspirin use for one month Aspirin is a blood thinner, which increases the client's risk for epistaxis to return. Continue a strenuous exercise regimen Strenuous exercise is contraindicated for at least one month after this procedure. Continue taking NSAIDs for pain control The client should avoid NSAIDs for at least one month after this procedure.

The nurse is educating a client with Meniere's disease who is recommended to follow the Hydrops diet. Which of the following are guidelines included in this diet? Select all that apply.

Even food intake through the day This is included in the guidelines for the Hydrops diet, which is a diet focused on restricting sugar and salt intake. Sugar and salt levels in the blood affect the amount and composition of inner ear fluid. Limiting alcohol intake This is included in the guidelines for the Hydrops diet, which is a diet focused on restricting sugar and salt intake. Sugar and salt levels in the blood affect the amount and composition of inner ear fluid. Avoiding foods with MSG This is included in the guidelines for the Hydrops diet, which is a diet focused on restricting sugar and salt intake. Sugar and salt levels in the blood affect the amount and composition of inner ear fluid. Avoid high salt content This is included in the guidelines for the Hydrops diet, which is a diet focused on restricting sugar and salt intake. Sugar and salt levels in the blood affect the amount and composition of inner ear fluid.

The nurse is reviewing information about cataract formation with a 75-year-old client. Which of the following are predisposing factors for cataract formation? Select all that apply.

Trauma to the eye A cataract is a cloudy appearance on the lens of the eye, which distorts images, which can progress to blindness. All of these scenarios are predisposing factors for the development of cataracts. Exposure to UV light A cataract is a cloudy appearance on the lens of the eye, which distorts images, which can progress to blindness. All of these scenarios are predisposing factors for the development of cataracts. History of diabetes A cataract is a cloudy appearance on the lens of the eye, which distorts images, which can progress to blindness. All of these scenarios are predisposing factors for the development of cataracts. Age greater than 70 years A cataract is a cloudy appearance on the lens of the eye, which distorts images, which can progress to blindness. All of these scenarios are predisposing factors for the development of cataracts. Prolonged use of corticosteroid