Sheep and goat exam 3

Water concerns

1.Hauling water daily- if water deficient will eat poisonous plants keep water sources close where the sheep are or use them to your advantage running water increase water consumption

Enterotoxemia (overeating disease)

3 types TYPE D: most common Type C: Type B:

What causes Vibriosis?

Camphylobacter causes vibriosis

Vibriosis

Camphylobacter causes vibriosis no symptoms and ewe aborts dead lamb 1 month before born. can be injested or transmitted sexually. Test Fetus or placenta to determine organism prevent by 2 shot injection proior to breeding season. Imunne if infected previusly vaccinates and trt with oxytertacyclin to limit aborts

mastitis

Caused by several organisms. Sore red, inflamed udder. Don't usually let lambs nurse. Hungry lambs is primary symptom 2 types: 2 Types 1.Non-Gangrenous- Hard swollen udder. Clotted milk or bloody with pus. Treat with antibiotics. 2.Gangrenous- Dying tissue. Very sick with high temperature. Hard swollen udder that becomes cold and dies. Udder sloughs off Higher incidence in confinement

ketosis

Pregnancy disease, twin lamb disease- affects ewes carrying twins and triplets in last week or two of gestation. Ewes become weak and have difficulty getting up. Go blind, become comatose and die. Caused by inadequate nutrition in late gestation. prevent by feeding more calories treat with glucose but caldex is better if you dont know wheter its ketosis or MILK FEVER

what two diseases are both clostridium strands

Tetanus and enterotoxemia

how do you treat bloat

Treat with stomach tube or puncture left side to release gas. Also 6-8 oz of mineral oil will settle foam

how do you treat type d enterotoxemia?

Treatment isn't too successful but if you catch it early you can treat aggressively with antibiotics

how do you treat foot rot?

Trim and soak feet and treat every 3 days. Several treatments are needed. Keep isolated for a month or two

how do you prevent coccidiosis

by feeding decox: which is a antiprotozoal medicine

how do you prevent ketosis

by feeding more calories in late gestation

how do you prevent Urinary Calculi

by formulating Calcium to Phosphorus ratio 2:1 (goats 2.5: 1)

how can you dry up a ewe?

by taking away its water

how should you prevent Type D enterotoxemia?

by using the vaccine (2 times)in your flock. the vaccine keeps the level of Costridium p low.

how do you treat tetanus?

by vaccinating after the wound happens. you would use the antitoxin. it treats the current tetanus but not the future ones

Ulcerative Dermatosis

lip and leg disease, The virus is unknown. signs: raw ulcers of the lips, nose, legs and feet. May also spread to the genitals, anorexia, unable to breed. trt: none let it run its course

how do you get rid of sheep ked

dip to prevent or spray and dust

gangrenous mastitis

dying tissue. very sick with high fever. hard swollen udder that becomes cold and dies. udder slough off most die from it

what are the 2 most important diseases to vaccinate against?

enterotoxemia and tetanus

Coccidiosis

from prozoa coccidia mostly seen in confinement and not pasture contagious and causes scours. can stimulate rectal prolaspe due to weakned intestinal wall prevent by feeding decox: antiprotozoal treat with corid

what causes blue tongue?

gnat

Sheep ked

hairy fly that looks like a tick Bite and irritate sheep. Affect Quality of of fleece Raises blemishes on pelt Dip to prevent or spray and dust

Non-Gangrenous Mastitis

hard swollen udder. clotted milk or bloody with pus. Treat with antibiotics

Is sheath rot contagious

no

is epididymitis cureab;e?

no

how do sheep get sore mouth

orally, its a viral disease

Spider Lamb Syndrome

species/breed: originated in suffolk, seen in hampshire and dorset lethal: yes recessive: yes Recessive disease. Has to have 2 copies of recessive gene. Spinal Deformities

What causes listeriosis?

spoled silage

symptoms of epididmyitis?

swollen testicles may have knots advance stages can have hard lumps of calcium

how do you treat rectal prolaspe?

trt with iodine, you inject iodine in the rectal wall and it creates scar tissue which heals it over time or amputate

how do you treat soremouth ?

you leave it alone and in 2 weeks it will get better

Type B Enterotoxemia (lamb Dysentery)

yellow runny scours, happens at birth till 2 weeks. treat ewe and she will transmit immunity to lambby her milk

Is foot rot contagious?

yes

is epididymitis contagious?

yes

what is something that increases water intake?

-salt -if we increase nitrogen, we increase protein, which increases water intake -hot temperature : 70 degrees and up gestation and lactation

what are the two different types of mastitis?

1. non-gangrenous 2. gangrenous

Lice of sheep and goats

2 Types Sucking and Biting Sheep has if it scratches and rubs Effects wool quality and weight gain

how do you prevent vibriosis?

2 shot injection priodr to breeding season however if ewe had it previously it is immune now

bloat

Air or foam that accumulates in rumen. Unable to get rid of gas. They usually suffocate and die. Treat with stomach tube or puncture left side to release gas. Also 6-8 oz of mineral oil will settle foam Alfalfa grazing

Type C Enterotoxemia (Hemmorrhagic enterotoxima)

Bloody scours. Seen mostly in lambs that are 3 weeks or older of age. causes serve intestinal problems where lambs stop eating and are bloated you can vaccinate ewes to pass immunity before lambs are born then a booster

what causes epididymitis?

Brucella ovis

psoroptic mange (scabies)

Cause by a mite Itching Must report it

listeriosis is also called ?

Circling disease

Literosis

Circling disease: Caused by spoiled silage. Swelling of brain occurs and the sheep loses normal brain function. Act blind. Can abort lamb prevent by preventing spoilage of silage No treatment

CDT vaccine

Clostridium perfringens type C & D Tetanus

Energy Deficient sheep-

Decreased growth, weight loss, reproductive failure and resistance to disease.

vaginal prolapse

End of gestation. Reccurring problem. Cull ewes that have problem. Prevent by putting in bearing retainer (spoon).

Head Bots

Fly goes into Sinus Shake head, snort, and rush nostril with dirt Problem in Winter

wool maggots

Get in open sores and bloody rear ends. Live in wet environment Feed on wool and dead skin Shear to get rid of

Scrapie

Great Britain over 200 years ago. Neurodegenerative disease similar to mad cow. Buy sheep from clean flocks. Itch and Scratch. Then effects how they move. Most likely transmission is from dam to offspring. RR- Resistant QR- Resistant QQ- Succeptable

Foot Rot

High rainfall, muddy, unsanitary conditions. Contagious. Loss of condition of sheep. Lesions and sores that break out on sheep's feet. Trim and soak feet and treat every 3 days. Several treatments are needed. Keep isolated for a month or two

how do you treat urinary calculi

If you catch early enough you can drench with ammonium chloride and massage through. Must pass stone or can amputate urethra.

Grass Tetany

Magnesium deficiency due to eatong wheat pasture or other fertilized forage to much potassium excitable and rapid breathing prevent by using magnesium mineral block trt mag sulfate inject or drench

johnes disease is

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

how do you prevent vaginal prolapse?

Prevent by putting in bearing retainer (spoon).

polyarthritis

Stiff lamb disease: lambs will have stiffness and soreness inflammation in their joints. due to chlamydia stiffness will lossen up with exercise trt: oxytetracycline

Type D Enterotoxemia

TYPE D: most common, caused by Clostridium perfringes which normally lives in the digestive tract. Irregular feeding could trigger. ends up in convulsions, incomfy, and coma/death. trt isn;t too successful

internal parasites types

Types Stomach and Intestinal Lung worms Tape Worms Flukes Coccidia

Blue tongue

Virus spread by gnats. makes them lame with swollen head. tongue and ace swells. cant cure they become blue from the swelling they die because they cannot breath treat with enti-inflammatory and keep out of sun vaccinate but not preg ewes

White muscle disease

Vitamin E or selenium deficiency loss of muscle function . Deterioration of skeletal muscle. Can be in baby lambs or adult sheep Bo-Se product for selenium injection. Injection is best, but you can add to feed or use a gel orally.

how do you treat sheath rot?

antibiotic ointment

energy is composed of

carbs and fats

enzootic abortion of ewes id caused by?

caused by protozoa

Enzootic Abortion of Ewes (EAE)

caused by protozoa late gestation. only 1-2% of the flock will get it vaccines are veery expensive $7-8 per head low risk, high cost vaccine ----> dont reallt vaccinate

what causes polyarthtitis?

chlamydia

Tetanus

clostridium tetani enters through a wound causes muscle contractionand no muscle relaxtion die of heart attack and suffocation you can vaccinate to prevent if a lamb exhibits sympotoms it is too late to prevent or cure

what does salmonellosis get confused with ?

coccidiosis

Where does tetanus come from?

comes from a wound that "closes" because the bacteria want a anaerobic environment

what nutrient source causes the most losses in the industry?

energy (carbs and fats) due to not enough money for food or grass is too dry

out of preg ewes which ones are more at risk for ketosis or milk fever ?

ewes that are carrying more because they require more nutrients

how do 'you treat polyarthritis?

excerise to loose up stiffness and oxytertacycline

rectal prolapse

high concentrate diet usually see this when they are fatter coughing makes the rectum push out so try to prevent from coughing trt with iodine, you inject iodine in the rectal wall and it creates scar tissue which heals it over time or amputate

what is the primary symptom of mastitis ?

hungry lambs bc they cant nurse

where will you have a high incidence of mastitis?

in confinement

epididymitis

inflammation of the epididymis that is frequently caused by the spread of infection from the urethra or the bladder caused by brucella ovis swollen testicles and may have knots hard lumps on advance stages of calcium depsiots contagious not treatable must cull

lung worms

internal parasite •Wet, low-lying pastures and cool damp weather favor lung worm development •Eggs are passed in feces than ingested by the sheep. •Then travel through the sheep's tissue to the lungs •Only severe cases cause clinical disease, causing fever, coughing, rapid breathing, and poor perfomance

if a lamb exhibits symptoms of tetanus....

it is too late to prevent or cure

how to treat salmonellosis

keep fed and hydrated

milk fever

low blood calcium causing muscle weakness at/or near calving late gestation or early lactation (hypocalcemia) supplement higher level of calcium or limestone treat with caldex

OPP (ovine progressive pneumonia)

lunger disease. wasting away through reduction in respiratory function. older they get the sicker they get. old ewes- 100% mortality cant cure or prevent so eliminate those with disease and offsprings

OPP (ovine progressive pneumonia) is also called?

lungers disease

urinary Calculi is mostly seen in?

males

which two diseases are similar with preg ewes?

milk fever and ketosis

can you cure opp- ovine progressive pneumonia?

no, cant cure or prevent so eliminate those with disease and offsprings

sheath rot

non contagious Results from excretion of protein. Scalding and scabs around penis. Reduction of sexual behavior Treat with antibiotic ointment to treat scabs

OPP (ovine progressive pneumonia) is fatal in

old ewes- 100% mortality

Johne's Disease

paratuberculosis, caused mymycobacterium fatal GI disease, rapid weight loss diarrhea, no treatment accquired early in life as lambs but not shown until later

how does a lamb get salmonellosis?

pests carry it

what does ketosis mainly effect?

preg ewes that are carrying twins ad triplets: last week or two of gestation. because they are giving all their nutreitns to the baby and not gaining enough feed

shipping fever

respiratory problems due to stress, dust, weather, and changes. cough runny nose, elevated temperature, froth, death no one treatment is effective prevent by having better conditions and less stress

what type of water increases water consumption

running water

how do you get rid of wool maggots?

shear to get rid of

Urinary Calculi

sheep doesnt feel good and lays down. Has urine leaking out prevent by formulating calcium to p 2:1 if you catch it early you can drench with ammonium chloride and massage through. Must pass stone or can amputate urethra

which disease has many organisms

shipping fever

Salmonellosis

usually in lambs watery green diarrhea which causes dehydration and gut damage pests carry this ex: mouse confused with coccidiosis keep fed and watered

how can you prevent tetanus?

vaccination

Soremouth

viral, can be transmitted to other sheep orally. scabs and sores on mouth, lips, eyes, and udders death comes from secondary infection can be mild or horrible vaccine: vaccinate ear

tape worms

•A large number could occupy the small intestines. •Less damage is usually done than that of a stomach worm •In extreme cases it could cause intestinal blockage •Lamb growth rate could be affected

internal parasite: stomach and intestinal

•Usually Primary Disease affecting sheep and lambs •Worm that pierces lining of abomasum and deprives sheep of protein •Obtain stomach worms from grazing •More of a problem in cooler, wetter, coastal areas