Sheep and goat exam 3
Water concerns
1.Hauling water daily- if water deficient will eat poisonous plants keep water sources close where the sheep are or use them to your advantage running water increase water consumption
Enterotoxemia (overeating disease)
3 types TYPE D: most common Type C: Type B:
What causes Vibriosis?
Camphylobacter causes vibriosis
Vibriosis
Camphylobacter causes vibriosis no symptoms and ewe aborts dead lamb 1 month before born. can be injested or transmitted sexually. Test Fetus or placenta to determine organism prevent by 2 shot injection proior to breeding season. Imunne if infected previusly vaccinates and trt with oxytertacyclin to limit aborts
mastitis
Caused by several organisms. Sore red, inflamed udder. Don't usually let lambs nurse. Hungry lambs is primary symptom 2 types: 2 Types 1.Non-Gangrenous- Hard swollen udder. Clotted milk or bloody with pus. Treat with antibiotics. 2.Gangrenous- Dying tissue. Very sick with high temperature. Hard swollen udder that becomes cold and dies. Udder sloughs off Higher incidence in confinement
ketosis
Pregnancy disease, twin lamb disease- affects ewes carrying twins and triplets in last week or two of gestation. Ewes become weak and have difficulty getting up. Go blind, become comatose and die. Caused by inadequate nutrition in late gestation. prevent by feeding more calories treat with glucose but caldex is better if you dont know wheter its ketosis or MILK FEVER
what two diseases are both clostridium strands
Tetanus and enterotoxemia
how do you treat bloat
Treat with stomach tube or puncture left side to release gas. Also 6-8 oz of mineral oil will settle foam
how do you treat type d enterotoxemia?
Treatment isn't too successful but if you catch it early you can treat aggressively with antibiotics
how do you treat foot rot?
Trim and soak feet and treat every 3 days. Several treatments are needed. Keep isolated for a month or two
how do you prevent coccidiosis
by feeding decox: which is a antiprotozoal medicine
how do you prevent ketosis
by feeding more calories in late gestation
how do you prevent Urinary Calculi
by formulating Calcium to Phosphorus ratio 2:1 (goats 2.5: 1)
how can you dry up a ewe?
by taking away its water
how should you prevent Type D enterotoxemia?
by using the vaccine (2 times)in your flock. the vaccine keeps the level of Costridium p low.
how do you treat tetanus?
by vaccinating after the wound happens. you would use the antitoxin. it treats the current tetanus but not the future ones
Ulcerative Dermatosis
lip and leg disease, The virus is unknown. signs: raw ulcers of the lips, nose, legs and feet. May also spread to the genitals, anorexia, unable to breed. trt: none let it run its course
how do you get rid of sheep ked
dip to prevent or spray and dust
gangrenous mastitis
dying tissue. very sick with high fever. hard swollen udder that becomes cold and dies. udder slough off most die from it
what are the 2 most important diseases to vaccinate against?
enterotoxemia and tetanus
Coccidiosis
from prozoa coccidia mostly seen in confinement and not pasture contagious and causes scours. can stimulate rectal prolaspe due to weakned intestinal wall prevent by feeding decox: antiprotozoal treat with corid
what causes blue tongue?
gnat
Sheep ked
hairy fly that looks like a tick Bite and irritate sheep. Affect Quality of of fleece Raises blemishes on pelt Dip to prevent or spray and dust
Non-Gangrenous Mastitis
hard swollen udder. clotted milk or bloody with pus. Treat with antibiotics
Is sheath rot contagious
no
is epididymitis cureab;e?
no
how do sheep get sore mouth
orally, its a viral disease
Spider Lamb Syndrome
species/breed: originated in suffolk, seen in hampshire and dorset lethal: yes recessive: yes Recessive disease. Has to have 2 copies of recessive gene. Spinal Deformities
What causes listeriosis?
spoled silage
symptoms of epididmyitis?
swollen testicles may have knots advance stages can have hard lumps of calcium
how do you treat rectal prolaspe?
trt with iodine, you inject iodine in the rectal wall and it creates scar tissue which heals it over time or amputate
how do you treat soremouth ?
you leave it alone and in 2 weeks it will get better
Type B Enterotoxemia (lamb Dysentery)
yellow runny scours, happens at birth till 2 weeks. treat ewe and she will transmit immunity to lambby her milk
Is foot rot contagious?
yes
is epididymitis contagious?
yes
what is something that increases water intake?
-salt -if we increase nitrogen, we increase protein, which increases water intake -hot temperature : 70 degrees and up gestation and lactation
what are the two different types of mastitis?
1. non-gangrenous 2. gangrenous
Lice of sheep and goats
2 Types Sucking and Biting Sheep has if it scratches and rubs Effects wool quality and weight gain
how do you prevent vibriosis?
2 shot injection priodr to breeding season however if ewe had it previously it is immune now
bloat
Air or foam that accumulates in rumen. Unable to get rid of gas. They usually suffocate and die. Treat with stomach tube or puncture left side to release gas. Also 6-8 oz of mineral oil will settle foam Alfalfa grazing
Type C Enterotoxemia (Hemmorrhagic enterotoxima)
Bloody scours. Seen mostly in lambs that are 3 weeks or older of age. causes serve intestinal problems where lambs stop eating and are bloated you can vaccinate ewes to pass immunity before lambs are born then a booster
what causes epididymitis?
Brucella ovis
psoroptic mange (scabies)
Cause by a mite Itching Must report it
listeriosis is also called ?
Circling disease
Literosis
Circling disease: Caused by spoiled silage. Swelling of brain occurs and the sheep loses normal brain function. Act blind. Can abort lamb prevent by preventing spoilage of silage No treatment
CDT vaccine
Clostridium perfringens type C & D Tetanus
Energy Deficient sheep-
Decreased growth, weight loss, reproductive failure and resistance to disease.
vaginal prolapse
End of gestation. Reccurring problem. Cull ewes that have problem. Prevent by putting in bearing retainer (spoon).
Head Bots
Fly goes into Sinus Shake head, snort, and rush nostril with dirt Problem in Winter
wool maggots
Get in open sores and bloody rear ends. Live in wet environment Feed on wool and dead skin Shear to get rid of
Scrapie
Great Britain over 200 years ago. Neurodegenerative disease similar to mad cow. Buy sheep from clean flocks. Itch and Scratch. Then effects how they move. Most likely transmission is from dam to offspring. RR- Resistant QR- Resistant QQ- Succeptable
Foot Rot
High rainfall, muddy, unsanitary conditions. Contagious. Loss of condition of sheep. Lesions and sores that break out on sheep's feet. Trim and soak feet and treat every 3 days. Several treatments are needed. Keep isolated for a month or two
how do you treat urinary calculi
If you catch early enough you can drench with ammonium chloride and massage through. Must pass stone or can amputate urethra.
Grass Tetany
Magnesium deficiency due to eatong wheat pasture or other fertilized forage to much potassium excitable and rapid breathing prevent by using magnesium mineral block trt mag sulfate inject or drench
johnes disease is
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
how do you prevent vaginal prolapse?
Prevent by putting in bearing retainer (spoon).
polyarthritis
Stiff lamb disease: lambs will have stiffness and soreness inflammation in their joints. due to chlamydia stiffness will lossen up with exercise trt: oxytetracycline
Type D Enterotoxemia
TYPE D: most common, caused by Clostridium perfringes which normally lives in the digestive tract. Irregular feeding could trigger. ends up in convulsions, incomfy, and coma/death. trt isn;t too successful
internal parasites types
Types Stomach and Intestinal Lung worms Tape Worms Flukes Coccidia
Blue tongue
Virus spread by gnats. makes them lame with swollen head. tongue and ace swells. cant cure they become blue from the swelling they die because they cannot breath treat with enti-inflammatory and keep out of sun vaccinate but not preg ewes
White muscle disease
Vitamin E or selenium deficiency loss of muscle function . Deterioration of skeletal muscle. Can be in baby lambs or adult sheep Bo-Se product for selenium injection. Injection is best, but you can add to feed or use a gel orally.
how do you treat sheath rot?
antibiotic ointment
energy is composed of
carbs and fats
enzootic abortion of ewes id caused by?
caused by protozoa
Enzootic Abortion of Ewes (EAE)
caused by protozoa late gestation. only 1-2% of the flock will get it vaccines are veery expensive $7-8 per head low risk, high cost vaccine ----> dont reallt vaccinate
what causes polyarthtitis?
chlamydia
Tetanus
clostridium tetani enters through a wound causes muscle contractionand no muscle relaxtion die of heart attack and suffocation you can vaccinate to prevent if a lamb exhibits sympotoms it is too late to prevent or cure
what does salmonellosis get confused with ?
coccidiosis
Where does tetanus come from?
comes from a wound that "closes" because the bacteria want a anaerobic environment
what nutrient source causes the most losses in the industry?
energy (carbs and fats) due to not enough money for food or grass is too dry
out of preg ewes which ones are more at risk for ketosis or milk fever ?
ewes that are carrying more because they require more nutrients
how do 'you treat polyarthritis?
excerise to loose up stiffness and oxytertacycline
rectal prolapse
high concentrate diet usually see this when they are fatter coughing makes the rectum push out so try to prevent from coughing trt with iodine, you inject iodine in the rectal wall and it creates scar tissue which heals it over time or amputate
what is the primary symptom of mastitis ?
hungry lambs bc they cant nurse
where will you have a high incidence of mastitis?
in confinement
epididymitis
inflammation of the epididymis that is frequently caused by the spread of infection from the urethra or the bladder caused by brucella ovis swollen testicles and may have knots hard lumps on advance stages of calcium depsiots contagious not treatable must cull
lung worms
internal parasite •Wet, low-lying pastures and cool damp weather favor lung worm development •Eggs are passed in feces than ingested by the sheep. •Then travel through the sheep's tissue to the lungs •Only severe cases cause clinical disease, causing fever, coughing, rapid breathing, and poor perfomance
if a lamb exhibits symptoms of tetanus....
it is too late to prevent or cure
how to treat salmonellosis
keep fed and hydrated
milk fever
low blood calcium causing muscle weakness at/or near calving late gestation or early lactation (hypocalcemia) supplement higher level of calcium or limestone treat with caldex
OPP (ovine progressive pneumonia)
lunger disease. wasting away through reduction in respiratory function. older they get the sicker they get. old ewes- 100% mortality cant cure or prevent so eliminate those with disease and offsprings
OPP (ovine progressive pneumonia) is also called?
lungers disease
urinary Calculi is mostly seen in?
males
which two diseases are similar with preg ewes?
milk fever and ketosis
can you cure opp- ovine progressive pneumonia?
no, cant cure or prevent so eliminate those with disease and offsprings
sheath rot
non contagious Results from excretion of protein. Scalding and scabs around penis. Reduction of sexual behavior Treat with antibiotic ointment to treat scabs
OPP (ovine progressive pneumonia) is fatal in
old ewes- 100% mortality
Johne's Disease
paratuberculosis, caused mymycobacterium fatal GI disease, rapid weight loss diarrhea, no treatment accquired early in life as lambs but not shown until later
how does a lamb get salmonellosis?
pests carry it
what does ketosis mainly effect?
preg ewes that are carrying twins ad triplets: last week or two of gestation. because they are giving all their nutreitns to the baby and not gaining enough feed
shipping fever
respiratory problems due to stress, dust, weather, and changes. cough runny nose, elevated temperature, froth, death no one treatment is effective prevent by having better conditions and less stress
what type of water increases water consumption
running water
how do you get rid of wool maggots?
shear to get rid of
Urinary Calculi
sheep doesnt feel good and lays down. Has urine leaking out prevent by formulating calcium to p 2:1 if you catch it early you can drench with ammonium chloride and massage through. Must pass stone or can amputate urethra
which disease has many organisms
shipping fever
Salmonellosis
usually in lambs watery green diarrhea which causes dehydration and gut damage pests carry this ex: mouse confused with coccidiosis keep fed and watered
how can you prevent tetanus?
vaccination
Soremouth
viral, can be transmitted to other sheep orally. scabs and sores on mouth, lips, eyes, and udders death comes from secondary infection can be mild or horrible vaccine: vaccinate ear
tape worms
•A large number could occupy the small intestines. •Less damage is usually done than that of a stomach worm •In extreme cases it could cause intestinal blockage •Lamb growth rate could be affected
internal parasite: stomach and intestinal
•Usually Primary Disease affecting sheep and lambs •Worm that pierces lining of abomasum and deprives sheep of protein •Obtain stomach worms from grazing •More of a problem in cooler, wetter, coastal areas