Sinai/Six Day War/Yom Kippur War Assesment

Black September and Munich, 1972

Black September: Jorden was backed by the Us and they show this by haveing Israeli's fly into Jorden who are also backed by the US. The PLO is backed by Syria and the USSR. There are negotiations between these two where the PLO leaves Jorden and the Jorden doesn't get kicked out of the Arab League. PLO relocates to Beirut. Munich 1972: At the Olympics game in Munich, Palestinans attack Israeli athletics because they are upset with the actions of Jorden. 11 Israeli's are killed.

Basic outline of the war

Day 1: - Opperation Focus - Storm into Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsila -Jorden Falsley hears Egypt won Day 2: - Syria attacks Galilee - Israel gets in position to capture Jrul - Israel and Jorden accept ceasefire Day 3: - Israel proposes ceasefire but Nasser turns down - Israel takes east Jrul Day 4: - Israel accidentally attacks USS Liberty - Israel reaches Suez Canal - Get control of West Bank Day 5: - Israel attacks Golan Heights - Nassrr attems to resign but stays Day 6: - Israel rushes to capture Golan Heights - War ends with UN ceasefire

What was the role of Syria and Egypt in the provocation of the Six Day War?

Egypt and Syria were the center of anti-israel nationalism. Before the war, they had already been attacking Israeli towns and had established that they had enough power to destroy Israel which caused Israel to threatene them in response to all of this.

Yom Kippur War and its aftermath 1973

Nasser dies and Sedat takes over. He wants to get back at Israel for taking egyption territory, take the peninsula back, and make a deal with Syria to attack Israel. Syria wants the Golan Heights. Israel claims they do not know about what is happening with Egypt waging a war against them even though they do. Golda Meir gets a direct order from the King of Jorden who flies into Israel himself to warn them about the war plans. They don't do anything about this warning and on Yom Kippur Syria storms the Golan Heights with tanks and Egypt attacks from Suez Canal. Israel finally pushes out Syria and wins the battle but it was very traumatic and caused the cheif of stam and prime minister to step down.

1956 Sinai Campaign

Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal because Egypt will make profit off of it, not have capitolists control it, blocks straight of Tehran, and closes the canal to commerical traffic. This is problamatic for a lot of countrys, esspecially Israel. Israel teams up with the British and French to make a secret plan to use an Egyptian attack against Israel as an excuse to attack the Sinai Peninsula and get the canal back. This BACKFIRES because the plan is leaked and it looks super bad on the French and British but the canal is opened again

What was the role of the Soviet Union in provoking the Six Day War, and how did the Cold War contribute to the Six Day War?

Syria and the USSR are proxies and the US supported Israel and the USSR blamed the US on the threat Israel poses. The USSR and KBG gave Syria FALSE information that Israel was unprepared for a war and could be defeated. The USSR also gave weapons to Syria and Egypt.

4. What role does the Cold War play in the Middle East between 1956 and 1973?

The Cold War plays the role of providing countries in the Middle East with power and aid in war. The USSR supported Syria and Egypt while the US supported Israel and Jorden. the Arms Race in the Cold War affected the Middle East because as technology was quickly developing the middle eastern countries were able to get a hold of advanced new weponry that was not previously avalible to them from the US and USSR. The USSR provided egypt and Syria with artilery, weapons, tanks during the 6 day war which were more advanced because of the Arms Race during the Cold War.

2. How did the attitudes of Palestinians change in relation to Israel from the period of 1952 to 1973?

The Palestinians used to fear the IDF which used fear as a tactic to drive them out of the state. They weren't totally afraid of them and had uprising but nothing compared to what comes in the later years with the rise of the palistinian terrorism. in thhe 60s terrorist groups rise up such as the PLO and PFLP which have a common goal against Israel and want to cause terror. Black september wouldnt have happened in the 50s because the Palistinians attitude of being against Israel wasnt turned into terrorists yet.

3. How does the Six-Day War reshape the modern Middle East?

The Six-Day War reshapes the modern Middle East because it proved that Israel is a great power in the Middle East. the Six Day war reshaped the modern middle east because before the war, Israel seemed weak and a small little state that would soon be overthrown by other Arab countires but after the Six Day War they established themselves as a legitimate strong state and military. Examples of this are opperation focus (take out egyption air force), captured the Golan heights with major loss to the Arabs but a significantly smaller amount of Israelis, claims the west bank and gaza strips.

1.What role does the Suez Canal play in the Arab-Israeli Conflict from the mid-50s to the mid-70s? How does this role change over time?

The Suez Canal plays an importiant role in the Arab-Israeli conflict from the 50s-70s. The conflict surrouniding this canal is almost constent during this time. The role of the canal changes over time because it goes from being the main focus of battle to a side issue. In the Sinai campaign in the begining it is the main focus and by the Yom Kippur War it is only a side focus where Egypt is fighting Israel for reasons beside the canal and aren't despretly trying to get it back.

Nasser

Tried to be the leader of the entire arab world from the 50's-70's. He nationalized the suez cannal, was modest and financially responsilble.

War of Attrition

War between Israel and Egypt. Egypt wanted to wear down Israel and get them out of the Sinai Peninsula which Israel had taken from Egypt. Israel destroyed Egypts whole air defence but Nasser got help from the USSR so Nixon sent the secratary of state to make a cease-fire. Nothing was solved at the end and no terrirtory was gained or lost. Israel won.