skull osteology

glabella

A single bony prominence of the frontal bone located between the superciliary arches in the inferior part of the frontal bone above the root of the nose.

mental tubercle of mandible

A slight elevation on either side of the mental protuberance

anterior arch of atlas

A small arch on the atlas that would be in the ventral most part of the body. Allows for a ventral articulation with the Dens.

mandibular condyle

Articulation point of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone

Between greater and lesser wing on the sphenoid bone

squamous suture

Between parietal and temporal bones

jugular foramen

CN IX, X, XI, superior bulb of internal jugular, inferior petrosal and sigmoid sunuses, meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries pass through

condylar canal

Emissary vein that passes from sigmoid sinus to vertebral veins in neck

foramen cecum

Emissary vein to superior sagittal sinus

jugular fossa

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Vagus nerve (X) Accessory nerve (XI) Superior bulb Internal jugular vein

pterion

H-shaped suture junction region that unites the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones on the lateral side of the skull

optic canal of sphenoid bone

Identify the highlighted bone landmark that lies anterior to the sella turcica, the optic nerves pass through these foramen to the eyes.

sagittarius suture

Immovable suture between the two parietal bones

inferior temporal line

Lateral view of the skull

superior temporal line

Lateral view of the skull

mastoid foramen

Mastoid emissary vein from sigmoid sinus and meningeal branch of occipital artery

external occipital protuberance

Name this bony landmark.

inferior nuchal line

Name this bony landmark.

superior nuchal line of occipital bone

One of the four curved lines on the external surface of the occipital bone: is an area for muscle attachment.

lesser wing of sphenoid bone

One of two side wings extending from the body of the sphenoid bone

occipital condyles

Rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas)

granular foveolae

Shallow depressions caused by the arachnoid granulations

sphenopalatine foramen

Sphenopalatine a., v., & caudal nasal n.

asterion

Star shaped; located at junction of three sutures: parietomastoid, occipitomastoid, and lambdoid

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

The horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone separating the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity.

pterygomaxillary fissure

What connects the infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa

groove for superior petrosal sinus

What is Highlighted in Green?

posterior tubercle of atlas

Where nuchal ligament attaches

hypophyseal fossa

a depression within the sella turcica, holds the pituitary gland

zygomatic process

a projection of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygoma

internal occipital crest

a ridge that is important in anchoring blood vessels and membranes that stabilize the position of the brain

dens (odontoid process)

acts as pivot for rotation of atlas and the skull

posterior superior alveolar foramen

allows passage of PSA nerves, arteries and veins, injection site

zygomaticofacial foramen

an opening in the zygomatic bone

palantine process of maxilla

anterior portion of the hard pallate that articulates with the horizontal plate of the palatine bone

infratemporal fossa

area inferior and deep to the zygomatic arch

pterygoid process of sphenoid bone

arises at junction of greater wing and body of the sphenoid, only seen on inferior surface of skull

zygomatic process of maxilla

articulates with zygomatic bone

lambdoid suture

between parietal bones and occipital bone

carotid sulcus (sphenoid)

blue

mylohyoid line

bony ridge located along the inner (medial) surface of the mandibular body

sinus (maxillary sinus)

cavity

frontal sinus

cavity within the frontal bone

mental protuberance of mandible

chin

temporomandibular joint

connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw

external acoustic meatus

ear canal

external occipital crest

extends downward from the external occipital protuberance

crista gali of ethmoid bone

extends up into cranial space, attaches to meninges, which are protective covering for brain

stylomastoid foramen

facial nerve (VII)

internal acoustic meatus

facial nerve VII, vestibulocochlear nerve VIII

carotid canal of temporal bone

for internal carotid artery

anterior nasal spine of maxilla

forms just below nose

vertical plate of palatine bone

forms part of the lateral nasal wall

horizontal plate of palatine bone

forms posterior part of hard palate

tuberculum sellae

forms the anterior border of the sella turcica

greater palantine foramen

greater palantine nerve and artery

cerebella fossa

green

groove for sigmoid sinus

green

groove for superior sagittal sinus

green

pterygoid hamulus of sphenoid

green

groove for greater petrosal nerve

groove for?

sella turcica of sphenoid bone

houses the pituitary gland

foramen lacerum

internal carotid artery passes along superior aspect to enter cranial vault

internal occipital protuberance

internal landmark of the occipital bone

angle of mandible (gonion)

junction of body and ramus

bregma

junction of coronal and sagittal sutures

chiasmatic sulcus (sphenoid)

just anterior to sella turcica

squamous part of temporal bone

large flat bone posterior to the sphenoid bone and inferior to the parietal bone

foramen ovale of sphenoid bone

mandibular branch CN V3 (of trigem)

inferior alveolar foramen

mandibular foramen

foramen rotundum (sphenoid)

maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

mastoid notch

medial to mastoid process

foramen spinosum (sphenoid)

middle meningeal artery

frontal crest

midline crest confluent with the anterior end of the sagittal sulcus

pharyngeal tubercle

midline projection from the basilar portion of the occipital bone-anterior to the foramen magnum

superior nasal concha of ethmoid bone

not a named bone, but part of the ethmoid bone. Above middle nasal concha

mastoid cells

numerous small interconnecting cavities in the mastoid process of the temporal bone

groove for transverse sinus

occipital bone depression

mental foramen of mandible

one of two holes located on the anterior surface of the mandible. It permits passage of the mental nerve and vessels.

supraorbital foramen

opening above each orbit allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass

nasolacrimal canal

opening in the lacrimal bone

pterygoid canal of sphenoid bone

opening through which nerves and vessels exit the cranial cavity

infraorbital foramen

opening under the orbit carrying the infraorbital nerves and blood vessels the the nasal region

oblique line of mandible

origin of depressor anguli oris

hypogloassal canal

passes laterally through each occipital condyle

styloid process

pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

greater wing of sphenoid bone

posterior and inferior to lesser wing on the interior of the skull, also visible in the posterior orbit and lateral side of the skull

posterior nasal spine

posterior point of maxilla

petrous part of temporal bone

raised area on internal surface of cranial vault which encloses structures of middle and inner ear

dorsum sellae of sphenoid bone

ridge of bone at posterior edge of sella turcica

mastoid process

round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

anterior tubercle of atlas

serves as site of attachment for cervical ligaments and muscles

lateral pterygoid plate

sharp process that laterally and inferiorly projects from the sphenoid

medial pterygoid plate

sharp process that medially and inferiorly projects from the sphenoid

temporal process of zygomatic bone

short extension from the zygomatic bone that forms the anterior portion of the zygomatic arch

articular tubercle

smooth ridge located on the inferior skull, immediately anterior to the mandibular fossa

sinus of sphenoid bone

space

lingula of mandible

spinous process protecting the mandibular foramen and the nerve

groove for middle meningeal artery

starts at foramen spinosum and extends laterally and forward

perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

superior portion of the bony nasal septum

alveolar process of mandible

supports the lower teeth

anterior clenoid process

teal

orbital part of frontal bone

teal

coronoid process of mandible

temporalis insertion

frontal process of maxilla

the ascending part of the upper jaw which gradually protrudes as it rises beside the nasal bone to meet the frontal bone; the ascending process of the upper jaw.

mandibular fossa

the depression in the temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible fits

foramen magnum

the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes.

middle nasal concha of ethmoid bone

the middle thin, spongy, bony plate with curved margins, part of the ethmoidal labyrinth, projecting from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and separating the superior meatus from the middle meatus;

superciliary arch

the ridge above the eye socket indicating the location of the frontal sinus

coronal suture

the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull

condylar process of mandible

thickened upward projection from posterior margin of mandibular ramus

perpendicular plate of vomer

thin vertical sheet of bone on the midline below the wings

lesser palatine foramen

two smaller openings located behind the greater Palatine Foramen in the posterior region of the hard palate

ramus of mandible

vertical part of mandible

clivus

where the brain stem lies