Smartwork Ch1-2

D. Apparent polar-wander paths for different continents do not match, so each continent must be moving independently of the others.

Identify the true statement with this diagram. A. The apparent polar-wander paths of North America and Europe are similar enough to indicate that these continents are no longer moving with respect to each other. B. Apparent polar-wander paths prove that, over geologic time, the Earth's magnetic poles have wandered up to 90° from their current position. C. The apparent polar-wander path of Africa is the same as that of Europe. D. Apparent polar-wander paths for different continents do not match, so each continent must be moving independently of the others.

D. geothermal gradient.

The rate at which temperature increases as depth increases is the A. Milankovitch cycle. B. concentration gradient. C. metamorphic grade. D. geothermal gradient.

A. because Wegener couldn't explain how continents moved.

Wegener's theory of continental drift took decades to be accepted A. because Wegener couldn't explain how continents moved. B. because climate, fossil distributions, and land shape offered conflicting evidence. C. because of pure stubbornness by the scientific community. D. because many of Wegener's ideas turned out to be wrong.

collision

Which of the following images best shows how the Moon was formed?

A. The mantle formed as a result of differentiation. C. The core formed as a result of differentiation.

Which of the following statements about differentiation are true? Choose one or more: A. The mantle formed as a result of differentiation. B. The Earth is round because of differentiation. C. The core formed as a result of differentiation. D. The Moon formed as a result of differentiation.

D. Lithosphere consists of the crust and the upper mantle and behaves like a rigid layer that breaks or bends rather than flowing like the asthenosphere.

Which of the following statements about lithosphere and asthenosphere is true? A. Lithosphere is more mafic than asthenosphere. B. Lithosphere and asthenosphere have the same physical properties; they are both rigid. C. Asthenosphere is defined as mantle material that is cooler than 1,280°C, whereas lithosphere is warmer than 1,280°C. D. Lithosphere consists of the crust and the upper mantle and behaves like a rigid layer that breaks or bends rather than flowing like the asthenosphere.

Crust upper mantle lower mantle outer core inner core

layers of the Earth

B. is covered by a thin blanket of sediment that thickens away from the ridge axis.

Oceanic crust A. has the same composition as continental crust. B. is covered by a thin blanket of sediment that thickens away from the ridge axis. C. has not been sampled directly because it is too deep beneath the ocean. D. is the same age as continental crust.

A. Trenches occur at subduction zones.

Of the choices below, select the one that accurately pairs the feature with the type of plate boundary at which it occurs. A. Trenches occur at subduction zones. B. Volcanic arcs occur at transform boundaries. C. Black smokers occur at consuming boundaries. D. Accretionary prisms occur at divergent boundaries.

YOUNGEST 1) formation of the moon 2) formation of the earth 3) nuclear fusion in the proto-Sun 4) Big Bang OLDEST

Scientists have been able to determine the numerical age of the most important events in history by using a combination of radiometric age dating and mathematical modeling. Please put the accompanying events in order from youngest (top) to oldest (bottom). -formation of the earth -Big Bang -formation of the moon - nuclear fusion in the proto-Sun

D. a continental plate is colliding with another continental plate there.

The Himalayas are growing because A. two plates are diverging there. B. two plates are moving past each other there. C. an oceanic plate is converging with a continental plate and subducting there. D. a continental plate is colliding with another continental plate there.

D. new oceanic lithosphere is created.

The center of a mid-ocean ridge is where A. the oldest, densest, hottest oceanic crust exists. B. two continental plates converge. C. molten basalt sinks back into the Earth. D. new oceanic lithosphere is created.

B. convergent

The figure shown here is a typical example of a ________ plate boundary. A. rifting B. convergent C. divergent D. transform

C. they usually occur on the boundaries of plates or at hot spots.

The global occurrence of earthquakes reveals that A. they prove that the Earth is splitting apart (rifting) at all plate boundaries. B. their locations are randomly scattered. C. they usually occur on the boundaries of plates or at hot spots. D. they usually occur at the center of plates.

D. a hot spot currently sitting under Hawaii and the Pacific Plate moving across it in a northwesterly direction.

The island of Hawaii is the youngest, and the islands get progressively older to the northwest. Plate tectonic theory explains this as A. microplates breaking loose from the Pacific Plate as it moves, leaving this chain of islands in its wake. B. a hot spot moving under the Pacific Plate toward the southeast. C. the rifting of the Pacific Plate, starting at the northwest end of the chain and extending southeast to Hawaii. D. a hot spot currently sitting under Hawaii and the Pacific Plate moving across it in a northwesterly direction.