SOC 111 Quiz 11 & 17

Why aren't antibiotics as successful in treating illnesses as they were several years ago?

Bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics.

Compared to organic megafarms, why are small organic farms at a disadvantage?

Maintaining USDA certification is expensive

After mental illness became "medicalized," what was one major change that occurred?

Medication replaced counseling

Often nonscientists—such as politicians—make decisions that affect the course of science. Which of the following is an example of this?

President Bush and stem cell research

Under HMOs, doctors usually don't get more money each time a patient comes in, so the incentive might be to:

Undertreat the patient

Dr. Raman is a family practice physician with a degree from Sunshine University. He makes potions of sunshine and water in his kitchen and sells them as "Health, Guaranteed!" All the other medical doctors in town say Dr. Raman is no good, but he doesn't care. All he cares about is the happiness of his patients (and his sales). Because he serves clients at the expense of the esteem of his professional peers, Dr. Raman is known to sociologists as:

a quack

Sociologists who study scientists in the laboratory do so typically because they:

are interested in how scientific facts are socially constructed.

Two scientists argue at a conference about human origins. Dr. Leo argues that the journal Nature portrays legitimate science with its article on African origins. Dr. Wertz argues that the Creation Museum in Petersburg, KY, portrays the real facts of human history. In response, Dr. Leo says that the Creation Museum "facts" aren't facts at all. This debate portrays scientists engaged in:

boundary work

Steve developed a mental illness in young adulthood. He seeks treatment but doesn't want to talk about his past. He says, "It's just genetic—nothing could have changed it." Influenced by Delores Malaspina's research, Steve's psychiatrist wants to know about Steve's past marijuana intake, because smoking marijuana could:

change the way genes are expressed.

Amira is an obstetrician who regularly tests for developmental abnormalities in fetuses in her Chicago practice and believes it promotes better outcomes for mothers and infants. She is planning a year of professional service in India and is concerned that in that social context, closely examining a fetus while a woman is pregnant may:

contribute to families choosing to abort female fetuses.

A sociologist and biologist work together to investigate possible epigenetic marks for cancer. In the case of Dani, a cancer patient, they are looking at both her genes and:

environmental hazards her parents were exposed to.

In Ulrich Beck's description of risk society, a tornado is an example of what type of risk?

external

The Matthew effect is essentially like:

getting promoted because of who you are, not on the basis of merit.

Across cultures and across time, medical professionals hold varying degrees of power and prestige. If we esteemed doctors today in the way that ancient Romans did, we might ask our ________ to add on a minor surgical procedure.

hairdresser

The development of the American Medical Association was the beginning of the end (until very recently) of:

homeopathic medicine

According to the controversial twin study, there is a genetic link to:

homosexuality

Which type of family has higher child mortality rates?

large

Melinda is a woman with advanced diabetes who no longer works or performs household tasks for her family. Her husband and children work to support the household and care for her. She won't take insulin and won't change her diet because she says she is too sick. Using Talcott Parson's role theory, we can see that Melinda is:

living out part of the sick role, but failing to meet her obligation to comply with doctor's orders

A sociologist, biologist, and psychologist are studying the causes and consequences of obesity. Their results:

may be complementary or conflicting.

Organic products can lead to health stratification by income because:

organic products are more expensive

Married people tend to live longer than unmarried people. It could be that they take better care of themselves when they have the responsibility of a family. It could also be that:

people who are healthier are more likely to get married.

Because of the green revolution, food production has kept pace with:

population growth

Debates over whether scientific facts are discovered or socially constructed have been referred to as:

science wars

In opposition to the sociology of science researcher Bruno Latour, many scientists assert that ________ are not made but rather preexist in objective reality waiting to be discovered.

scientific facts

The longevity discrepancy between blacks and whites may be a result of:

social inequality.

The conflict between the Hmong family and their American doctors was over different understandings of seizures. The Hmong family viewed seizures as ________, but American doctors viewed seizures as ________.

spiritual ; physical

The fee-for-service system caused a situation where physicians could determine the number of (often unnecessary) visits required for treatment. This problem was called:

supplier-induced demand.

The introduction of high-yield crop varietals in developing countries and improvements in agricultural technologies are two trends that fall under the umbrella of:

the green revolution

In considering the nature of scientific knowledge, philosopher Ian Hacking suggests that:

there is something legitimate in both social constructivism and scientific truth.

A sociologist and an environmental scientist are each interested in global climate change. The sociologist prioritizes human choices that influence climate. The environmental scientist finds biological factors that influence climate. When the sociologist and environmental scientist dialogue, they may find that their apparent disagreement is actually due to the fact that:

they are working through different frameworks.