SOC Chapter 3: Culture

It is the idea that language structures thought and that ways of looking at the world are embedded in language.

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

cultural diffusion

The increased use of Facebook, Twitter, and other types of social media during the Arab Spring protest movement, is an example of what cultural phenomenon?

leveling

cultural _________________ occurs when cultures that were once distinct become increasingly similar to one another

Ethnocentrism

the idea of someone reflexively believing his culture is naturally superior to others, and often judging other cultures by his own values

Value

All people should have the chance to advance by "pulling themselves up by their bootstraps." A) Norm B) Value C) Neither

Neither

An American believes that he should learn Spanish because it could be of value to him. A) Ethnocentrism B) Cultural Relativism C) Neither

Ethnocentrism

An American believes that learning a foreign language is not worth the time because English is the superior language. A) Ethnocentrism B) Cultural Relativism C) Neither

Cultural Relativism

An American believes that other languages should be respected and valued equally to English. A) Ethnocentrism B) Cultural Relativism C) Neither

Folkway

An act that is acceptable

More

An act that is frowned upon

diffusion

Cultural _______________ usually occurs in the direction from more-developed to less-developed nations

Although American culture is highly visible worldwide via the media, the moral and political values of the country are not highly visible

False

Norm

Race-based job discrimination is illegal. A) Norm B) Value C) Neither

taboos

The most powerful of all norms are __________________

Neither

There is no inherent difference between different races. A) Norm B) Value C) Neither

True

True/False: Culture is the human equivalent of instinct in animals

Conflict Theory

Values and norms are often contested by various groups in society. Dominant culture tends to represent and protect the values, norms, and interests of the most powerful groups in society. A) Structural Functionalism B) Conflict Theory C) Symbolic Interactionism

Symbolic Interactionism

Values and norms are social constructions that may vary over time and in different contexts; meaning is created, maintained, and changed through ongoing social interaction. A) Structural Functionalism B) Conflict Theory C) Symbolic Interactionism

Structural Functionalism

Values and norms are widely shared and agreed upon; they contribute to social stability by reinforcing common bonds and constraining individual behavior. A) Structural Functionalism B) Conflict Theory C) Symbolic Interactionism

It is a value held by some cultures but not others.

What correctly describes the concept of "equal opportunity for all"

Cultural Leveling

When cultures that were once distinct become increasingly similar to one another

Cultural Diffusion

When different groups share their material and nonmaterial culture with each other

mores

_____________ often include severe repercussions and public condemnation.

laws

________________ are specific types of norms that formally codify what is permissible or forbidden

values

_________________ are broad and nonspecific

norms

___________________ apply values to specific cases, to approve or disallow something, and thus put the value into play.

symbolic

____________________ culture not only includes signs, gestures, and language, but also values and norms.

imperialism

cultural ___________________, or the imposition of one culture's beliefs

Subculture

culture within a culture

sanctions

means of enforcing norms that includes positive and negative versions

imperialism, media/consumer products, military force

cultural _________________ practices on another culture through _______________________________ rather than by _______________________

Counterculture

Norms and values are often incompatible with or in direct opposition to the mainstream; openly reject society's norms and values