SOC Chapter 3: Culture
It is the idea that language structures thought and that ways of looking at the world are embedded in language.
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
cultural diffusion
The increased use of Facebook, Twitter, and other types of social media during the Arab Spring protest movement, is an example of what cultural phenomenon?
leveling
cultural _________________ occurs when cultures that were once distinct become increasingly similar to one another
Ethnocentrism
the idea of someone reflexively believing his culture is naturally superior to others, and often judging other cultures by his own values
Value
All people should have the chance to advance by "pulling themselves up by their bootstraps." A) Norm B) Value C) Neither
Neither
An American believes that he should learn Spanish because it could be of value to him. A) Ethnocentrism B) Cultural Relativism C) Neither
Ethnocentrism
An American believes that learning a foreign language is not worth the time because English is the superior language. A) Ethnocentrism B) Cultural Relativism C) Neither
Cultural Relativism
An American believes that other languages should be respected and valued equally to English. A) Ethnocentrism B) Cultural Relativism C) Neither
Folkway
An act that is acceptable
More
An act that is frowned upon
diffusion
Cultural _______________ usually occurs in the direction from more-developed to less-developed nations
Although American culture is highly visible worldwide via the media, the moral and political values of the country are not highly visible
False
Norm
Race-based job discrimination is illegal. A) Norm B) Value C) Neither
taboos
The most powerful of all norms are __________________
Neither
There is no inherent difference between different races. A) Norm B) Value C) Neither
True
True/False: Culture is the human equivalent of instinct in animals
Conflict Theory
Values and norms are often contested by various groups in society. Dominant culture tends to represent and protect the values, norms, and interests of the most powerful groups in society. A) Structural Functionalism B) Conflict Theory C) Symbolic Interactionism
Symbolic Interactionism
Values and norms are social constructions that may vary over time and in different contexts; meaning is created, maintained, and changed through ongoing social interaction. A) Structural Functionalism B) Conflict Theory C) Symbolic Interactionism
Structural Functionalism
Values and norms are widely shared and agreed upon; they contribute to social stability by reinforcing common bonds and constraining individual behavior. A) Structural Functionalism B) Conflict Theory C) Symbolic Interactionism
It is a value held by some cultures but not others.
What correctly describes the concept of "equal opportunity for all"
Cultural Leveling
When cultures that were once distinct become increasingly similar to one another
Cultural Diffusion
When different groups share their material and nonmaterial culture with each other
mores
_____________ often include severe repercussions and public condemnation.
laws
________________ are specific types of norms that formally codify what is permissible or forbidden
values
_________________ are broad and nonspecific
norms
___________________ apply values to specific cases, to approve or disallow something, and thus put the value into play.
symbolic
____________________ culture not only includes signs, gestures, and language, but also values and norms.
imperialism
cultural ___________________, or the imposition of one culture's beliefs
Subculture
culture within a culture
sanctions
means of enforcing norms that includes positive and negative versions
imperialism, media/consumer products, military force
cultural _________________ practices on another culture through _______________________________ rather than by _______________________
Counterculture
Norms and values are often incompatible with or in direct opposition to the mainstream; openly reject society's norms and values