soc final
according to data in chapter 12, U.S. women earn how much for every dollar earned by us men/
$0.77
according to your text, approximately______ percent of the nations population 16 years and older is functionally illiterate
14
according to research presented in chapter 12, if the typical American mother has two shifts, then the typical black American mother has how many
3
in 2010, women earned_________ percent of graduate degrees
60
there have been a greater number of_______ presidents of the united states than of any other denomination of christianity
Episcopalian
in much of the western world, the choice of a marriage partner tends to be influenced by age, education, class, race, and religion. Which of the following explains this tendency?
Marrying someone who diverges a great deal from our age, race, social class, and religion is often met with overt or subtle disapproval from others
cole's parents divorced when he was six, but now both of them are remarried. He has two stepsisters on his mothers side and a new stepbrother on his fathers side. these familiesa are examples of which of the following type of family?
a blended family
which of the following defines a church
a religious body that coexists with its surroundings with little tension
defined broadly, religion is:
a set of shared stories, beliefs, and practices about sacred things that guide beliefs and behaviors
a paradox of the American education system is that education is
a social institution that stratifies students based on the characteristics of their backgrounds even though it is intedned to provide equal opportunity
which of the following reflects the growing trend of buy and return activity, or religious shopping in reference to faith?
a tendency among teens to participate in multiple congregations in order to explore the market
Ethicalism is the ___________; examples of it are_____--_
adherance to ethical principles in order to live a normal life; Taoism and Buddhism
which of the following was NOT a social resource of black church communities that Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was able to draw upon
armies
animism is the__________; examples of it are___________
belief that spirits are present in the natural world; Taoism and Buddhism
what was the name of the landmark court ruling that mandated desegregation of American schools
brown v. board of education
amy and Raymond live together in an intimate relationship without formal or religious sanctioning. this arrangement is known by sociologists as
cohabitation
according to espenshade and chung (2005), eliminating affirmative action programs would do which of the following
decrease black and hispanic admission acceptance rates by one-half to two-thirds
which of the following is NOT a way that sociologists study religion
determining which religions possess and profess absolute truths
Buddhists adhere to certain principles to lead moral lives. this is called:
ethicalism
formal or informal rules that require a person to marry outside of the group he or she belongs to
exogamy
if Jerome is opposed to the idea of having a relationship with someone who lives in his dorm
exogamy
grandparents, aunts, and uncles, and cousins who live together in a multigenerational household are considered
extended
marriages that cross racial and ethnic lines have become more common in the united states, although most us marriages are still racially and ethnically endogamous. What factors might discourage exogamy?
facing ostracism from within one's tightly knit community
sociologist Barbara risman calls families in which both men and women genuinely share the paid and unpaid labor equally
fair families
willliam, a 17 year old high school student, chooses products in the grocery store by looking at the pictures on the labels of the goods on the shelves becasuse he cannot read many of the words. William would be
functionally illeterate
contrary to popular belief
girls and boys score about the same in national math tests
recent trends in marriages between poeaople from different races or ethnic grouphs indicate
growing acceptance of exogamy
which of the following factors contributed to the development of the ideal of the traditional family
higher education levels
which questions is a sociologist of religion most likely to ask
how are religious beliefs patterened by social forces?
on most weekends, you can find the smiths doing their assigned chores around the house. son mows lawn and girl helps clean the house
how gender roles are learned at home
jacksons parents pay for him to take violin lessons and send him to the language lessons after school. jacksons parents are investing in his
human capital
knowledge and skills that make someone more productive and bankable are known as
human capital
which of the following is characterized by the preindustrial family
husbands and wives were partners, not only in making a home but also in making a living
The embodied cultural capital that parents have may work with institutional cultural capital. Which of the following illustrates this?
if a parent has confidence in social settings, he or she may be better able to advocate for children in front of the school board or at parent teacher meeetings
according to the text's discussion, cohabitation
increases the rate of divorce because people who cohabitate probably have fewer qualms about divorce
which of the following nations practices a rigid adherence to endogamy
india
the second largest religion in the world and the us is
islam
structural changes brought on by the industrial revolution had major consequences for the families. What was one of the primary mechanisms that explains these consequences?
it seperated work and home and created new roles for men and women
some people may have several spouses over their lifetimes, but in the united states they are legally allowed only one at a time. this legal institution is known as
monogamy
as people age, they become
more religious
college faculty members in the ___________ are much more likely to belong to churches and express religious commitment than are faculty in the
natural, physical, and engineering sciences; social sciences, law, and humanities
a family consisting of a mother, a father, and their biological children is known as
nuclear
which of the following statements is LEAST likely to be made by a sociologist
only monotheistic religions are real religions
objects and behaviors that are profane are
part of everyday life
in some rural areas of asia, women can have several husbands at one time. this practice is known as
polyandry
some societies allow a person to have several spouses at the same time in an arrangement known as
polygamy
Calvinists believed that their souls were selected for salvation before birth. this is known as
predestination
according to weber, which religion was a necessary condition for the development of capitalism
protestant christianity
which of the following is a negative social function of religion
religion can justify unequal and unfair differences between groups in society
karl marx referred to religion as the opium of the masses. what did he mean?
religion pacifies people with promisies of rewards int he afterlife; therefore, they do not challenge the subjugating, exploitative, and alienating social conditions in this life
the domestic duties that still fall disproportionately on working women's shoulders are labeled by Hochschild as the
second shift
the trend in industrial nations towards a separation between church and state, a belief in rationality and science, and the movement away from religiosity and spiritual belief is known as
secularism
according to the textbook, difference between evangelical protestants and fundamentalist Christians is that fundamentalists:
seperate themselves from the world; evangelicals try to win converts by engaging with the world
journalist Barbara traveled around the country to study firsthand what it was like to get by working low-wage jobs. All of the following are true EXCEPT:
she felt that if she had only worked harder, she would have been able to get by
to what does the so-called drive through church refer
short, frank church services that last 50 minutes or less
cultural capital refers to
social class-based skills and resources that people inherit and can use to their advantage
according to Durkheim, religion is created by___________, and religious expressions represent___________
social interaction; collective realities
Durkheim felt that one of the major functions of religion was that it perpetuates
solidarity
which of the following is NOT a finding of research examining the effects of class size on educational achievement
students who have been in small classes are less likely to have discipline problems when they are subsequently placed in regular sized classes
sociologist arlie Hochschild has found that many women who would traditionally be expected to take care of the home and children also try to have a career. this is called
supermom strategy
which of the following is NOT an argument in support of tracking in schools
systems of tracking socialize students to the inequalities they will encounter in american society
one of the major reasons that lower-status parents use more directives and teach their children to be more obedient than inquisitive is that they:
tend to have jobs that require them to be obedient and they want their children to learn this
social capital is
the collection of relationships that can facilitate the actions and behaviors of others
the notion that true womanhood centers on domestic responsibilities and child rearing
the cult of domesticity
in families where both spouses work for wages, the second shift can best be described as
the domestic tasks that fall disproportionately on women in addition to their paid work
working wives generally get less leisure time than their husbands. this is known as
the leisure gap
broadly defined, education is:
the processes through which academic, social, and cultural ideas and tools-both general and specific- are developed.
which of the following trends is true in the western world today?
the proportion of women who choose not to have children is on the rise
sacred things can include books, buildings, days, and places. From a sociological standpoint, the sacredness come from
the symbolic meaning created from the collective investment of community
In terms of cross-cultural family forms, which of the following statements is true?
the traditional family is not dominant anywhere
which of the following statements most accurately describes the notion of traditional family (stay-at-home mom and working father) in U.S. history
the traditional family was unique to a particular time in history (1950s) and can really be viewed as an abberration
secularization is:
the transformation of a society away from religion and toward a seperation of religious and social institutions such as politics, the economy, and the family
what might be a reason that upper-status students score higher on SATs
their parents are better able to obtain help for them, as in SAT prep courses and extra tutoring if they are doing poorly in school
Christianity is considered a_________ religion
theistic
which of the following is true regarding single parent families in the unites states and worldwide?
they are on the rise in the united states and worldwide
one of the many reasons native americans were placed in boarding schools for 60 years was
to socialize them to become civilized americans
which of the following is NOT an argument against tracking in schools
tracking benefits children with less advantaged backgrounds, but only if their parents can advocate on their behalf to get them into college-preparatory tracks
with regard to research on the effects of race and social class on education outcomes, which of the following is true?
when social class characteristics are controlled for, test score gaps between black and white students shrink, black students have a higher high school graduation rate, and black students are less likely to be held back a grade
theism is the________; examples of it include_________
worship of a god or gods; Hinduism and Islam