soc final

according to data in chapter 12, U.S. women earn how much for every dollar earned by us men/

$0.77

according to your text, approximately______ percent of the nations population 16 years and older is functionally illiterate

14

according to research presented in chapter 12, if the typical American mother has two shifts, then the typical black American mother has how many

3

in 2010, women earned_________ percent of graduate degrees

60

there have been a greater number of_______ presidents of the united states than of any other denomination of christianity

Episcopalian

in much of the western world, the choice of a marriage partner tends to be influenced by age, education, class, race, and religion. Which of the following explains this tendency?

Marrying someone who diverges a great deal from our age, race, social class, and religion is often met with overt or subtle disapproval from others

cole's parents divorced when he was six, but now both of them are remarried. He has two stepsisters on his mothers side and a new stepbrother on his fathers side. these familiesa are examples of which of the following type of family?

a blended family

which of the following defines a church

a religious body that coexists with its surroundings with little tension

defined broadly, religion is:

a set of shared stories, beliefs, and practices about sacred things that guide beliefs and behaviors

a paradox of the American education system is that education is

a social institution that stratifies students based on the characteristics of their backgrounds even though it is intedned to provide equal opportunity

which of the following reflects the growing trend of buy and return activity, or religious shopping in reference to faith?

a tendency among teens to participate in multiple congregations in order to explore the market

Ethicalism is the ___________; examples of it are_____--_

adherance to ethical principles in order to live a normal life; Taoism and Buddhism

which of the following was NOT a social resource of black church communities that Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was able to draw upon

armies

animism is the__________; examples of it are___________

belief that spirits are present in the natural world; Taoism and Buddhism

what was the name of the landmark court ruling that mandated desegregation of American schools

brown v. board of education

amy and Raymond live together in an intimate relationship without formal or religious sanctioning. this arrangement is known by sociologists as

cohabitation

according to espenshade and chung (2005), eliminating affirmative action programs would do which of the following

decrease black and hispanic admission acceptance rates by one-half to two-thirds

which of the following is NOT a way that sociologists study religion

determining which religions possess and profess absolute truths

Buddhists adhere to certain principles to lead moral lives. this is called:

ethicalism

formal or informal rules that require a person to marry outside of the group he or she belongs to

exogamy

if Jerome is opposed to the idea of having a relationship with someone who lives in his dorm

exogamy

grandparents, aunts, and uncles, and cousins who live together in a multigenerational household are considered

extended

marriages that cross racial and ethnic lines have become more common in the united states, although most us marriages are still racially and ethnically endogamous. What factors might discourage exogamy?

facing ostracism from within one's tightly knit community

sociologist Barbara risman calls families in which both men and women genuinely share the paid and unpaid labor equally

fair families

willliam, a 17 year old high school student, chooses products in the grocery store by looking at the pictures on the labels of the goods on the shelves becasuse he cannot read many of the words. William would be

functionally illeterate

contrary to popular belief

girls and boys score about the same in national math tests

recent trends in marriages between poeaople from different races or ethnic grouphs indicate

growing acceptance of exogamy

which of the following factors contributed to the development of the ideal of the traditional family

higher education levels

which questions is a sociologist of religion most likely to ask

how are religious beliefs patterened by social forces?

on most weekends, you can find the smiths doing their assigned chores around the house. son mows lawn and girl helps clean the house

how gender roles are learned at home

jacksons parents pay for him to take violin lessons and send him to the language lessons after school. jacksons parents are investing in his

human capital

knowledge and skills that make someone more productive and bankable are known as

human capital

which of the following is characterized by the preindustrial family

husbands and wives were partners, not only in making a home but also in making a living

The embodied cultural capital that parents have may work with institutional cultural capital. Which of the following illustrates this?

if a parent has confidence in social settings, he or she may be better able to advocate for children in front of the school board or at parent teacher meeetings

according to the text's discussion, cohabitation

increases the rate of divorce because people who cohabitate probably have fewer qualms about divorce

which of the following nations practices a rigid adherence to endogamy

india

the second largest religion in the world and the us is

islam

structural changes brought on by the industrial revolution had major consequences for the families. What was one of the primary mechanisms that explains these consequences?

it seperated work and home and created new roles for men and women

some people may have several spouses over their lifetimes, but in the united states they are legally allowed only one at a time. this legal institution is known as

monogamy

as people age, they become

more religious

college faculty members in the ___________ are much more likely to belong to churches and express religious commitment than are faculty in the

natural, physical, and engineering sciences; social sciences, law, and humanities

a family consisting of a mother, a father, and their biological children is known as

nuclear

which of the following statements is LEAST likely to be made by a sociologist

only monotheistic religions are real religions

objects and behaviors that are profane are

part of everyday life

in some rural areas of asia, women can have several husbands at one time. this practice is known as

polyandry

some societies allow a person to have several spouses at the same time in an arrangement known as

polygamy

Calvinists believed that their souls were selected for salvation before birth. this is known as

predestination

according to weber, which religion was a necessary condition for the development of capitalism

protestant christianity

which of the following is a negative social function of religion

religion can justify unequal and unfair differences between groups in society

karl marx referred to religion as the opium of the masses. what did he mean?

religion pacifies people with promisies of rewards int he afterlife; therefore, they do not challenge the subjugating, exploitative, and alienating social conditions in this life

the domestic duties that still fall disproportionately on working women's shoulders are labeled by Hochschild as the

second shift

the trend in industrial nations towards a separation between church and state, a belief in rationality and science, and the movement away from religiosity and spiritual belief is known as

secularism

according to the textbook, difference between evangelical protestants and fundamentalist Christians is that fundamentalists:

seperate themselves from the world; evangelicals try to win converts by engaging with the world

journalist Barbara traveled around the country to study firsthand what it was like to get by working low-wage jobs. All of the following are true EXCEPT:

she felt that if she had only worked harder, she would have been able to get by

to what does the so-called drive through church refer

short, frank church services that last 50 minutes or less

cultural capital refers to

social class-based skills and resources that people inherit and can use to their advantage

according to Durkheim, religion is created by___________, and religious expressions represent___________

social interaction; collective realities

Durkheim felt that one of the major functions of religion was that it perpetuates

solidarity

which of the following is NOT a finding of research examining the effects of class size on educational achievement

students who have been in small classes are less likely to have discipline problems when they are subsequently placed in regular sized classes

sociologist arlie Hochschild has found that many women who would traditionally be expected to take care of the home and children also try to have a career. this is called

supermom strategy

which of the following is NOT an argument in support of tracking in schools

systems of tracking socialize students to the inequalities they will encounter in american society

one of the major reasons that lower-status parents use more directives and teach their children to be more obedient than inquisitive is that they:

tend to have jobs that require them to be obedient and they want their children to learn this

social capital is

the collection of relationships that can facilitate the actions and behaviors of others

the notion that true womanhood centers on domestic responsibilities and child rearing

the cult of domesticity

in families where both spouses work for wages, the second shift can best be described as

the domestic tasks that fall disproportionately on women in addition to their paid work

working wives generally get less leisure time than their husbands. this is known as

the leisure gap

broadly defined, education is:

the processes through which academic, social, and cultural ideas and tools-both general and specific- are developed.

which of the following trends is true in the western world today?

the proportion of women who choose not to have children is on the rise

sacred things can include books, buildings, days, and places. From a sociological standpoint, the sacredness come from

the symbolic meaning created from the collective investment of community

In terms of cross-cultural family forms, which of the following statements is true?

the traditional family is not dominant anywhere

which of the following statements most accurately describes the notion of traditional family (stay-at-home mom and working father) in U.S. history

the traditional family was unique to a particular time in history (1950s) and can really be viewed as an abberration

secularization is:

the transformation of a society away from religion and toward a seperation of religious and social institutions such as politics, the economy, and the family

what might be a reason that upper-status students score higher on SATs

their parents are better able to obtain help for them, as in SAT prep courses and extra tutoring if they are doing poorly in school

Christianity is considered a_________ religion

theistic

which of the following is true regarding single parent families in the unites states and worldwide?

they are on the rise in the united states and worldwide

one of the many reasons native americans were placed in boarding schools for 60 years was

to socialize them to become civilized americans

which of the following is NOT an argument against tracking in schools

tracking benefits children with less advantaged backgrounds, but only if their parents can advocate on their behalf to get them into college-preparatory tracks

with regard to research on the effects of race and social class on education outcomes, which of the following is true?

when social class characteristics are controlled for, test score gaps between black and white students shrink, black students have a higher high school graduation rate, and black students are less likely to be held back a grade

theism is the________; examples of it include_________

worship of a god or gods; Hinduism and Islam