socecon 1

In multiple regression analysis, data is gathered on the relevant independent (exogenous) variables and a dependent (endogenous) variable, and statistical software is used to estimate the regression results. What do the betas (B) obtained from the estimated regression equation represent?

The marginal effect of a one unit change in the exogenous variable associated with the endogenous variable.

fertility has been falling:

across the spectrum of economic development

married couples will invest in more specific marriage human capital such as children

as SF decreases, SM increases, and men are better off in marriage

example of a natural experiment

power of the pill

As H&A present it, the production possibilities curve used to describe single and married life:

shows all feasible combinations of G and C that can be produced

When a woman's wage rate rises, demand for child services will rise if:

the income effect is larger than the price effect

Which pair of figures best describes the teen fertility rate and the teen non-marital birth ratio in the United States in the early 2020s?

20/1000; 90%

At birth, in the absence of any specific human action to affect the gender ratio, there are typically:

At birth, in the absence of any specific human action to affect the gender ratio, there are typically:

Which expression represents the child services production function?

CS=F(Tf, Tm, Z)

Which of the following is/are true regarding non-marital fertility? - most non-marital births in the U.S. are to teen girls - Iceland has the lowest proportion of non-marital births, at about 10%. Japan - South Korea have very low non-marital birth ratios.

Japan & South Korea have very low non-marital birth rates

In Becker's supply/demand model of marriage, a woman is willing to marry when:

SF > ZF

approx. non-marital birth ratio in the US currently

The non-marital birth ratio in the U.S. now is approximately 40%.

In 2018, which two demographic groups in the U.S. had a non-marital birth ratio in excess of 60%?

black and native american

In the supply and demand model of marriage, the sexual revolution of the 1970s (which included more reliable forms of birth control) will likely:

cause N* to decrease

Rising non-marital fertility in the U.S. has been attributed to:

cohabitation, rising women's earnings, changing attitudes (ie the social stigma of unwed motherhood) in the U.S has declined

When analyzing the impact of a change in Demand on market price and quantity (a before vs. after measurement), we are examining:

comparative statics

The economic gains to marriage can come from:

consumption, production, investment

A shortage will be observed in a market if:

demand for the good increases and price does not rise to eliminate the shortage

Cohabitation proportions for US women age 25-44 differ most by:

education level

The proportion of US women age 15 and older who are married:

fell from approximately 2/3 in 1950 to less than 50% in the early 2020s

Suppose a woman receives a job offer that would increase her pay by 25 percent. We can say:

her threat point shifts up (she gains bargaining power)

The highest US fertility rates are found for:

hispanic women

A household production function indicates:

how inputs such as time, ability, and household capital inputs are capable of producing household consumption goods, like meals

All else equal, the supply/demand model of marriage predicts that a shortage of men will:

increase the proportion of the marital output that accrues to men

Compared to Europe, the teen fertility rate in the United States:

is 4-5 times higher than many countries

The difference-in-differences approach:

is a relatively simple statistical technique to estimate the impact of a change on people's economic behavior, like labor force participation rates

positive assortative matching

is likely part of the reason for rising income inequality in the US, occurs when individuals with the same education level marry each other, refers to "likes" being attracted to "likes"

In the economic model of fertility, full income (YFL):

is the combined potential income of both parents, from labor market activity and any non-labor income

The concept of diminishing marginal utility means that:

marginal utility falls and total consumption rises

Referring to marriage as an intertemporal commitment device means that:

married couples will invest in more specific marriage human capital such as children

what type of research is this: The state government raises income taxes in Ohio but neighboring states do not.

natural experiment - the researcher is trying to understand the relationship between wage changes (exogenous variable) and women's labor force participation (endogenous variable)

For developing countries, which of the following can explain their higher fertility rates (relative to more developed countries):

need for children as productive assets such as in a family business, higher infant mortality rates, lack of capital markets to facilitate old age support

In the United States, the following is true of divorce rates:

peaked in the late 1970s, lowest since the 1970s

In the economic model of fertility, child quality:

refers to the average amount of resources devoted per child

The matching model of marriage suggests that you keep searching for that special someone until:

the marginal costs of search equal the marginal benefits of search

total fertility rate (tfr)

the predicted number of births per 1000 women if they follow current age-specific fertility rates

According to the analysis provided by Hoffman & Averett, the Coase theorem implies:

the rise in the divorce rate that started in the 1970s is not because divorce laws became more liberal (e.g., it became easier to divorce)

Tony and Carmela are currently married. She has 7 units of output and he has 4. If single, they would have each have 5 units of output. We can say that:

they will stay married, but Carmela will likely give Tony at least one unit of her marital output to keep him in the marriage

The productivity gains to marriage are greatest:

when participants have very different productivity in the production of market goods and household goods