Sociology Chapter 11

Which of the following is an accurate statement about gender? Gender is inherited and determined at birth. Gender consists of behavior and attitudes. Gender refers to male and female, not masculinity and femininity. Gender is determined by secondary sexual characteristics.

Gender consists of behavior and attitudes.

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the status of men and women as CEOs of large corporations? Male CEOs vastly outnumber female CEOs. Male CEOs earn less than female CEOs. Equal numbers of men and women are CEOs. The median pay of female CEOs is the same as that of males.

Male CEOs vastly outnumber female CEOs.

Brenda was born a biological male, but raised as a female due to the lack of a penis. She never knew she had been born male, or had a constructed vagina, or took female hormones around the time she was to start puberty. Despite all of this, she began to mimic male behaviors rather than female. What does this suggest? Social factors and culture dominate biology and heredity. Brenda's parents unconsciously treated her as a male. Nature prevailed over nurture. Masculinity is the dominant trait.

Nature prevailed over nurture.

Women are making strides in politics. For example, Nancy Pelosi was chosen to be the first female __________. Supreme Court justice university president Speaker of the House vice president

Speaker of the House

Like social class, __________ is a structural feature of society. gender sex biology behavior

gender

the behaviors and attitudes that a society considers proper for irs males and females; masculinity or femininity

gender

the unequal access to property, power, and prestige

gender stratification

What is one simple thing that women can do to increase their pay for their first job out of college? use their sexual attractiveness to sell themselves switch to a higher-paying field negotiate for a higher salary make sure the person they interview with is a woman

negotiate for a higher salary

Today's rape rate is about __________ what it was in 1990. one-half of one-third of the same as double

one-third of

A system where men as a group dominate women as a group is a __________. minority patriarchy matriarchy fraternity

patriarchy

men-as-a-group dominating women-as-a-group; authority is vested in males

patriarchy

What is a primary sexual characteristic? breasts penis lower voice body hair

penis

the abuse of one's position of authority to force to unwated secual demands on something

secual harassment

biological characteristics that distinguish females and males, consisting of primary and secondary sec characteristics

sex

Ultimately, it is ___________, not biology, that pushes men and women into different social roles. educational achievements stereotypes personality type psychology

stereotypes

Associating strength and virility with violence promotes violence. This explanation of gendered violence is an example of __________. social integration conflict theory symbolic interactionism group dynamics

symbolic interactionism

Which part of the third wave of feminism dismays those feminists who were part of the second wave? the emphasis on replacing admired masculine characteristics with qualities thought of as feminine the focus on the problems of women in the Least Industrialized Nations the attitude that women should use their sexual attractiveness to get ahead the desire to compete with men on equal terms

the attitude that women should use their sexual attractiveness to get ahead

What was the primary goal of the conservative branch of the first wave of feminism? To have paid maternity leave from their jobs to win the right to vote to receive equal pay for equal work to have access to traditionally male jobs

to win the right to vote

Which of the following is a primary sexual characteristic?' fingernails breast facial hair vagina

vagina

According to anthropologist Marvin Harris's theory of how men became dominant, men were __________ and women became __________. warriors; rewards hunters; gatherers traders; homemakers inferior; superior

warriors; rewards

How old is the typical rape victim? 29 to 34 years old 24 to 29 years old 11 to 15 years old 15 to 24 years old

15 to 24 years old

In 1890, approximately what percentage of paid workers were women? 40% 30% 20% 10%

20%

In 1992, the first __________ woman was elected to the U.S. Senate. Caucasian Asian Latina African American

African American

Which of the following statements reflects a characteristic of sex rather than gender? A woman is pregnant. A woman wears dresses. A woman is nurturing. A woman shows compassion.

A woman is pregnant.

Women who work full time make about _____ of what men make. 80% 60% 70% 90%

70%

What will happen as more activities are degendered? Females will have less freedom to pursue activities that match their desires as individuals. Both males and females will have less freedom to pursue activities that are compatible with their abilities. Both males and females will have greater freedom to pursue activities that match their desires as individuals. Males will have greater freedom to pursue activities that are compatible with their abilities, but females will not.

Both males and females will have greater freedom to pursue activities that match their desires as individuals.

What did anthropologist George Murdock discover about sex-typed work after he analyzed the data from 324 societies? Every society has sex-typed work. Only about 50 percent of societies have sex-typed work. Women's work is often more prestigious. Different work is assigned to men and women based on biology.

Every society has sex-typed work.

Our views of sexual harassment in the workplace have changed over the years. Which of the following statements reflects how we now view sexual harassment? It is a personal matter between a man and a woman regardless of job position. It is a misuse of authority by a man or woman in a position of power. It is a misinterpreted sexual attraction. It is just a man thing and should be ignored.

It is a misuse of authority by a man or woman in a position of power.

_____ is an expression of gender, not sex. Growing body hair Developing a deeper voice Liking football Having a penis

Liking football

As stereotypes are changing, what is happening? Women are shedding their femininity. Men are reexamining their traditional roles. Biological differences are increasingly translated into inequalities. Distinctions between the sexes are disappearing

Men are reexamining their traditional roles.

Why have men been resistant to feminism and granting women equal rights? Men know that women really want to get married and have children. Men do not want to share their power and privilege. Men believe they are biologically superior. Men understand that women are too emotional to hold positions of leadership.

Men do not want to share their power and privilege.

As new models of gender appear and are accepted, what is a likely outcome? Men will be able to show their softer side, yet still be considered masculine. Homophobia will increase as more men feel their masculinity is in question. Men will be harassed for any form of behavior that is considered feminine. The image of men as dominant and aggressive will disappear.

Men will be able to show their softer side, yet still be considered masculine.

How is gender reflected in higher education? Men and women's graduation rates are about the same. More women complete doctorates. More women graduate from college. More men earn master's degrees.

More women graduate from college.

What country has the closest gender equality among elected officials? Brazil United States of America Japan Rwanda

Rwanda

Which of the following statements reflects the relationship between the sex of voters and the sex of elected officials in the United States? Women voters outnumber men, and there are more women in political offices than men. There are far more women voters than men, yet men greatly outnumber women in political office. There is about the same number of women voters as men, yet more men hold political offices. There are far fewer women voters than men, and there are far fewer women holding political offices.

There are far more women voters than men, yet men greatly outnumber women in political office.

Why could women take over U.S. politics if they put their minds to it? More women run for office than men. There are more women voters than men voters. Women are more intelligent than men. Women make better leaders than men.

There are more women voters than men voters.

What was the prevalent attitude of women in the 1960s? They wanted men to do the housework and childcare. They wanted to participate in masculine careers such as engineering. They wanted to have careers after marriage. They wanted to be wives and mothers.

They wanted to be wives and mothers.

In a study of Vietnam veterans, what did researchers discover about vets with higher testosterone levels? They were less likely to abuse their wives. They were more likely to have higher-status jobs. They were more likely to use drugs. They were more likely to be faithful to their spouses.

They were more likely to use drugs.

Which statement reflects an element of sex typing of work? Prestige is attached to the job, not to the person doing the job. In societies where only women help deliver babies, delivering babies is considered a very prestigious job. When a society considers weaving to be an occupation for men, it gains in importance. Jobs that are considered feminine in one society are considered feminine in all societies.

When a society considers weaving to be an occupation for men, it gains in importance.

Why do sociologists classify women as a minority group? Most women are smaller than men. Women are discriminated against on the basis of sex. Many women are kept out of the workforce due to pregnancy and childbirth. Women constitute a smaller percentage of the population than men.

Women are discriminated against on the basis of sex.

When Michelle, a college student, begins her first job, she's likely to start at a lower salary than Mike. Which of the following is a major reason? Women dress inappropriately for job interviews. Women become too emotional while being interviewed. Women are not as good at negotiating salaries during interviews. Women do not prepare for job interviews as well.

Women are not as good at negotiating salaries during interviews.

What do feminists believe? Women should be politically, economically, and socially equal. Biology is destiny and determines our place in society. Stratification by gender is natural. Women are biologically and intellectually superior to men.

Women should be politically, economically, and socially equal.

Why is Michelle less likely to be given a stress test or to have bypass surgery than Michael? Women's complaints are taken less seriously. Women wait too long to report their symptoms. Women do not go to the doctor as often. Women have smaller blood vessels.

Women's complaints are taken less seriously.

Why did men like Dr. Edward Clarke of Harvard believe women were less suited for higher education than men? Women were not intelligent enough for college. Women's minds were dominated by their female organs. Women were needed in the home. Women's brains are smaller than men's brains.

Women's minds were dominated by their female organs.

Some sociologists argue that men are losing power, and that some men turn violently against women as a way to reassert their declining power and status. This is an example of __________. social integration symbolic interactionism group dynamics conflict theory

conflict theory

Jan was at a house party when she ran into John, a guy she knew from one of her classes. They got to chatting over some beer, and then she accompanied him to his room where they proceeded to make out. Jan decided she wanted another beer so John went to get it, but when he returned Jan had passed out. He decided to have sex with her anyway because it had been obvious that she wanted to have sex before she passed out. What John did is considered __________. consensual sex her fault bad judgment date rape

date rape

In what part of the world are men more likely to commit murder than women? Industrializing Nations every nation in the world Most Industrialized Nations Least Industrialized Nations

every nation in the world

the philosophy that men and women should be politically, economically, and socially equal; organized activities on behalf of this principle

feminism

Which of the following examples of violence against women is no longer practiced today? foot binding brides as compensation female infanticide honor killings

foot binding

Sally applied for an entry-level sales position with a major corporation. Instead, she was offered a different entry-level position in human resources, because they felt she would be better at support than direct sales. Over the years, Sally advanced in her department until she was running it. Whenever Sally applied for senior management positions, she was always rejected in favor of a man, even when her qualifications were superior. What prevented Sally from advancing to the top of the corporate ladder? blatant discrimination affirmative action for men glass ceiling sexual harassment

glass ceiling

What concept describes the barrier that keeps women from advancing in their paid work? glass ceiling pay gap internal discrimination individual discrimination

glass ceiling

the mostly invisible barrier that keeps women from advancing to the top levels at work

glass ceiling