Sociology, Chapter 8: RACE AND ETHNICITY AS LIVED EXPERIENCE

¡Supera tus tareas y exámenes ahora con Quizwiz!

What is the 4th reason as to why race is a social construction/ social category?

"Race" is defined by a country, society, or culture

What is the 5th reason as to why race is a social construction/ social category?

"Race" is defined by history (historical context)

What is the 2nd reason as to why race is a social construction/ social category?

"Race" is defined by others

What is the 1st reason as to why race is a social construction/ social category?

"Race" is defined by self

What is the 3rd reason as to why race is a social construction/ social category?

"Race" is defined by the government

What is the 3rd reason as to why race is biological is questionable?

"Race" is socially defined

RAZ means?

"artery" or "blood"

The Arabic RAS means?

"head"

The Spanish RAS means?

"head" or "origin"

GENERATIO means?

"lineage"

What are some examples of traditional pilgrimage?

-Hajj, an excursion to Mecca in Saudi Arabia, which is required by all Muslims once in their lifetime. -Catholics may travel to the Vatican

What is an example of categories---->treatment?

-If you were an American woman living prior to 1920, you could not vote -If you are 21 years old and over, you may purchase alcohol in the U.S. -If you are a sophomore at SDSU, you will register last for classes.

What happened to Mildred and Richard Loving?

-In 1958, she was African American and he was white, they married and settled in Virginia. -July of that year they were arrested in an attempt to "Act to preserve racial purity" -this law was overturned in 1967

What is an example of Symbolic Ethnicity?

-Irish Americans celebrate St. Patricks Day -Mexicans celebrate Cinco de Mayo

What is an example of Ethnicity?

-The Amish, linked by a common heritage that includes language, religion, and history. -The Jewish people, is an ethnic group not a race

What is an example of Prejudice?

-all Mexicans are lazy -all Irish are drunks

What are the 6 reasons as to why race is social construction/ social category?

1. "Race" is defined by self 2. "Race" is defined by others 3. "Race" is defined by the government 4. "Race" is defined by a country, society, or culture 5. "Race" is defined by history (historical context) 6. Skin color is no the best measurement for "race" (or, its not convincing)

The idea that race is biological is questionable (or not meaningful) because:

1. Blood is unidentifiable 2. There are no "pure races" 3. "Race" is socially defined

What is an example of "Race" being defined by a country, society, or culture?

1. Brazil has 40 racial groupings, and race is determined by how much money one makes 2. South Africa has only 4 racial groupings (Asian, Blacks, Mixed races, and Whites) 3. U.S.A. traditionally had 3 races, and currently has 15

Categories of people that are set apart from others because of socially defined physical characteristics, which are?

1. Skin Color 2. Facial Features (eyes, nose) 3. Hair Color 4. Body Shape

How many reasons are there as to why the idea that race is biological is questionable?

3

How many racial grouping does South Africa have and what are they?

4, Asian, Blacks, Mixed races, and whites.

How many racial groupings does Brazil have and how are they categorized?

40, money

How many kids did Sally Hemmings and Thomas Jefferson have?

6

Blood is unidentifiable, meaning?

A blood sample cannot identify "race"

What's an example of Individual Discrimination?

A racist teacher might discriminate against a Hispanic student by assigning him a lower grade than he deserves.

Who was the last state to overturn the act to preserve racial purity and when?

Alabama, 2000

What races enjoy education?

Asian Americans and Whites

Black Masculinity Passing

Black gay guys, passing throughout the day as straight but on Friday nights they are gay.

What is the 1st reason as to why race is biological is questionable?

Blood is unidentifiable

What is the 4th socially defined physical characteristic, (categories) where people are set apart from one another?

Body Shape

Which nation practices Pluralism the most?

Canada

What were the original 3 racial groups that the U.S. recognized?

Caucasoid, mongoloid, and negroid.

What is an example of "Race" being defined by others?

College or job applications sometimes have different numbers of social categories. My relatives in China used to see me as "American"

Prejudice (thought/feeling)------->

Discrimination (behavior/act)

The Census Bureau classifies Hispanics and Latinos as an.....

Ethnic Group

What is the 2nd socially defined physical characteristic, (categories) where people are set apart from one another?

Facial Features (eyes, nose)

The term "race" may come from the Latin word?

GENERATIO

What is the 3rd socially defined physical characteristic, (categories) where people are set apart from one another?

Hair Color

What race will live the longest?

Hispanics

After the 2000's what was Americas favorite and most popular condiment?

Hot Sauce or Salsa

What is an example of "Race" being defined by self?

I cannot prove that I am Asian, you cannot disprove that I'm Asian

What is the 2nd example of blood being unidentifiable?

In Louisiana (1980's), if a person possessed 1/32 or more Black blood, that person was classified as Black

What is an example of "Race" being defined by history (historical context)?

In Virginia, if a person possessed 1/4 or more Indian blood or 1/16 or less Negro blood, that person was considered Indian on the reservation, but Black off the reservation.

What is the 1st example of blood being unidentifiable?

In old Missouri, is a person possessed 1/8 or more Negro blood, that person was classified as non-White

What is an example of population transfer?

In the early 19th century, Native Americans who had not perished in the battles with the U.S. soldiers were forced by the U.S. government to move onto Indian reservations

Before the 2000's what was Americas favorite and most popular condiment?

Ketchup

What is an example of cultural appropriation?

MLS's Cleveland Indians or the NFL's Washington Redskins, both which continue to use their derogatory names.

Who is Thomas Jefferson?

Principal author of The Declaration of Independence and the 3rd president of the United States

The term "race" may come from the Arabic word?

RAS

The term "race" may come from the Spanish word?

RAS

The term "race" may come from the Czech word?

RAZ

What is Symbolic Interactionism's approach to race and ethnicity?

Race and ethnicity are part of our identity as displayed through our presentation of self.

What is Structural Functionalism's approach to race and ethnicity?

Racial and ethnic differences are a necessary part of society. Even racial inequality has functions that help maintain social order.

What is Conflict Theory's approach to race and ethnicity?

Racial and ethnic differences create intergroup conflict; minority and majority groups have different interest and may find themselves at odds as they attempt to secure and protect their interests.

What is the 1st socially defined physical characteristic, (categories) where people are set apart from one another?

Skin Color

What is the 6th reason as to why race is a social construction/ social category?

Skin color is no the best measurement for "race" (or, its not convincing.)

What is the sociological perspective on race?

Sociologists know that a category that has been constructed, can be destructed, and reconstructed or recreated.

What is an example of symbolic interactionism's approach to race and ethnicity?

Some individuals (white ethnics and light-skinned nonwhites in particular) have the option to conceal their race or ethnicity in situations where it might be advantageous to do so. This may allow them as individuals to escape the effects of racial inequality but does not erase it from society at large.

What is an example of conflict theory's approach to race and ethnicity?

Some members of majority groups (whites and men in particular) object to affirmative action programs that assist underrepresented groups. This can create conflict among racial groups in society.

Why do we categorize people by race?

Sometimes, we categorize people because then we know how to treat them

What is the Brown Paper Bag rule?

Teachers would put a brown paper bag outside of the classroom and if you were darker than the paper bag, you could not enter the class.

What is an example of "Race" being defined by the government?

The Census Bureau currently recognizes 15 racial categories or choices.

What is an example of assimilation?

The Irish, Italians, and Eastern Europeans who immigrated to the U.S. who were all once considered "ethnics" but were eventually assimilated into the larger category of white Americans.

What is the 2nd reason as to why race is biological is questionable?

The are no "pure races"

What is an example of structural functionalism's approach to race and ethnicity?

The functions of racial inequality and conflict for society could include the creation of social cohesion within both the dominant and minority groups.

Social Construction

The process by which a concept or practice is created and maintained by participants who collectively agree that it exists.

Discrimination

The unequal treatment of people because of their group membership

Who is Sally Hemmings?

Thomas Jeffersons slave

What is an example of "race" being socially defined?

Traditionally the U.S. recognized 3 racial groups: caucasoid, mongoloid, and negroid.

Categories--------->

Treatment

Double-Consciousness

W.E.B. DuBois's term for the divided identity experienced by blacks in the United States.

What type of descendants were buried at Monticello with Thomas Jefferson?

White ones

What are the 15 racial categories that the Census Bureau recognizes?

White, Black or African American or Negro, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Other Asian, Native Hawaiin, Guamanian or Chamorro, Samoan, Other Pacific Islander, and some other race.

What is an example of Skin color not being the best measurement for "race" (or, its not convincing.)?

Whites in South India are darker than blond Black in Australia (Aborigines).

Some examples of social construction or social categories in the U.S.: A university graduate...

Why is it defined as a person with a 4-year degree"?

Some examples of social construction or social categories in the U.S.: Children...

Why is it defined as someone under 18?

Some examples of social construction or social categories in the U.S.: Drinking Age...

Why is the legal drinking age 21?

Discrimination is?

a behavior or an act

Pluralism

a cultural pattern of intergroup relations that encourages racial and ethnic variation and acceptance within a society.

Assimilation

a pattern of relations between ethnic or racial groups in which the minority group is absorbed into the mainstream or dominant group, making society more homogenous

Racism

a set of beliefs about the claimed superiority of one racial or ethnic group; used to justify inequality and often rooted in the assumption that differences among groups are genetic

Ethnicity

a socially defined category based on a common language, religion, nationality, history, or some other cultural factor.

Race

a socially defined category based on real or perceived biological differences between groups of people

Prejudice is a?

an attitude or feeling

Situational Ethnicity

an ethnic identity that can be either displayed or concealed depending on its usefulness in a given situation

Symbolic Ethnicity

an ethnic identity that is only relevant on specific occasions and does not significantly affect everyday life.

Race Consciousness

an ideology that acknowledges race as a powerful social construct that shapes our individual and social experiences

Color Blind Racism

an ideology that removes race as an explanation for any form of unequal treatment

Can be destructed...

and reconstructed or recreated

1980->

before people were lynched Hate Crime was coined

What is an example of internal colonialism?

black living in separate neighborhoods and restricted to certain parts of bathroom, restaurants, and buses, yet close enough to serve as workers for the dominant group

What is the 1st thing that prejudice and discrimination have in common?

both are a form of bias

What is the 4th thing in prejudice and discrimination have in common?

both are learned

What is the 2nd thing that prejudice and discrimination have in common?

both can be favorable or unfavorable

What is the 3rd thing in prejudice and discrimination have in common?

both can vary in intensity

Sociologists know that a category that has been constructed....

can be destructed

1970->

date rape phrase was coined

Having Prejudice can lead to?

discrimination

Individual Discrimination

discrimination carried out by one person against another

Institutional discrimination

discrimination carried out systematically by institutions (political, economic, educational, and others) that affect all members of a group who come into contact with it.

What is an example of discrimination?

if a person is turned down for a job promotion or a home loan because he's black or latino.

Prejudice

preconceived judgements (either favorable or unfavorable) toward a category of people

Passing

presenting yourself as a member of a different group than the stigmatized group you belong to.

Race means everything;

race means nothing

What is heritage tourism?

related to the idea of pilgrimage- a journey to a geographical location of significance to ones religion.

Miscegenation

romantic, sexual, or marital relationships between people of different races

Sociologists view race as a?

social construction/social category

Minority Group

social group that is systematically denied the same access to power and resources available to society's dominant groups though they are not necessarily fewer in number than the dominant groups

What are the 2 ways to show group membership?

symbolic & situational ethnicity

RAS pertains to both...

the Arabic and the Spanish

Cultural Appropriation

the adoption of cultural elements belonging to an oppressed group by members of the dominant group, without permission and often for the dominant groups' gain

Genocide

the deliberate and systematic extermination of a racial, ethnic, national, or cultural group

Internal Colonialism

the economic and political subjugation of the minority group by the dominant group within a nation

Population Transfer

the forcible removal of a group of people from the territory they have occupied.

Segregation

the physical and legal separation of groups by race and ethnicity

Racial Assimilation

the process by which racial minority groups are absorbed into the dominant group through intermarriage ex: having children with the dominant group until the different races are completely mixed

Cultural Assimilation

the process by which racial or ethnic groups are absorbed into the dominant group by adopting the dominant group's culture ex: members learn the cultural practices of the dominant group

What is an example of Embodied Identity?

the way we are perceived in the physical world

Embodied Identity

those elements of identity that are generated through others' perceptions of our physical traits.

1990 you were able_________

to choose more than 1 race

Privilege

unearned advantage accorded to members of dominant social groups (males, whites, heterosexuals, the physically able, etc.)

Sociologists do not see race from a biological standpoint...

we see it from a social standpoint

What does the phrase "majority-minority" mean?

when the majority of the population are the minorities.

race is obvious;

yet complex

Before 1990______

you could only choose 1 race


Conjuntos de estudio relacionados

AP Macroeconomics Midterm Unit 1

View Set

Pharmaceutics II Exam 1: Introduction, Ophthalmic Preparations, Pharmaceutical Solutions, Solid Dosage Forms

View Set

The South During Reconstruction - Lesson - 18.3

View Set

SCIENTIFIC METHOD LAB (PILL BUG) - WEEK 2

View Set

Knee anatomy: bones and ligaments

View Set