Sociology exam

Sociology is defined as the branch of science that specializes in the study of human

Societies

Which of the following came with the shift to capital intensive industries?

Specialization

The system for classifying societies used in Human Societies Is based on

Subsistence technology

The adoption of horticultural is to the realm of _____ as symbol use is to the realm of _______

Technology , communication

Which of the following was involved in the third phase of the industrial revolution?

Telephones

Which of the following best defines animism?

The belief that spirits are in everything, including animals

What is nationalism?

The promotion of inventor nation identity before all other forms of identity

Which of the following is false about symbols?

They are genetically determined

Based on the reading, what was the fate for the majority of bypath societies?

They were conquered or absorbed by agrarian societies

Which of these diseases is not a leading cause of death in today's society?

Typhoid

Which of the following id NOT an example of a symbol system?

Universal language

Which of the following is NOT a general trend found in the industrial societies?

White-collar employment has decreased.

Is it possible for multiple types of human societies to exist at the same time?

Yes, that's literally what's happening right now

What is an example of subsistence technology

all of the above

What is causing the massive changing in gender and family roles?

all of the above

Which of the following is/are true about the shift from hunting and gathering to horticulture?

all of the above

By 1901, the minimum age for the child labor in England was raised to what?

12

How many phases does the industrial revolution have?

4

What percentage of children born in an industrial society today can expect to live to celebrate their fifteenth birthday?

99

During the agrarian era, what factor(s) contributed to the development of larger armies?

All of the above

The "Tabula Rasa" Hypothesis

All of the above

What has grown in the industrial societies?

All of the above

What were the reason that labor unions were created?

All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a reason that the rate of population growth was slow in the hunting and gathering societies?

Animal Attacks

______ characteristics are characteristics that you are born with.

Ascribed

Who first coined the term "sociology"?

Auguste Comte

Why do hunter-gatherer change living sites?

Because they need to be closer to their food source

Which type of material would do more damage in battle?

Bronze

Abraham Lincoln's phrase "government of the people, by the people, and for the people"

democratic republicanism

All these are factors that contributed to shorter life expectancy in the advanced agrarian societies except:

economic stability

The hunting and gathering era:

ended about 8000 BC

__________ refers to everything that is external to a specified population and that has any effect on it.

environment

Population is a term that refers to the ______

members of a society considered collectively

What defines the shift from simple to advanced horticultural society?

metal tools and weapons

Why does every member of society having different needs and abilities affect the rate of innovation in a community?

more people means more ideas and information

Compared to hunting-gathering societies, fishing societies are more likely to be:

sedentary

What is globalization?

the expansion of the world economy

What would be an example of a cultural symbol

Child clapping after watching a performance

Due to evolution, humans are closely related to primates in many different ways. How has our genetic heritage allowed us to become unique when compared to other species?

Communication through creating and adapting symbols

In the industrial age, what has made birth rates decline?

Contraceptives

The most basic works trends in stratification in the industrial era are:

Decreasing inequality within industrial societies, and increasing inequality around societies in the world systems

Whereas finding a cure for AIDS would be an example of a/an_______, the digital computer is an example of a/an _________

Discovery.....Invention

The theoretical perspective taken by "Human Societies" is known as:

Ecological-evolutionary

Marriage today is undertaken for more personal reasons than in the past. For what reason were people married in the horticultural and agrarian societies?

Economic status

What country was the first to become fully industrialized?

England

Where did the industrial revolution begin?

England

The world system of societies has changed dramatically over the past 10,000 years

Even though most individual societies changed very little

Which of the following is a bypath society?

Fishing

Which is not one to the 4 major era in human history according to the ecological-evolutionary theory?

Fishing era

What was most often used to pay wages, rent and/or taxes in simple agrarian societies?

Grains

Which bypath society is more likely to practice slavery?

Herding societies

In which bypath society was it more likely that you would sell your daughter as a bride?

Herding society

Which of the following is the society that cultivates plants WITHOUT plows?

Horticultural societies

The aspect of symbolic culture that explains and justifies existing social arrangements is called:

Ideology

What type of society do we live in today?

Industrial

What force promotes social and cultural change?

Innovation

Why can symbols be used to distinguish humans from other animals?

It is a uniquely human quality to be able to create new symbols

Why were monarchies the most popular form of governments before the industrial revolution?

It was believed that those in power has a "God-given right" to rule over the people

Which system is created by cultures to determine who is related tow home and to define their mutual expectation , rights, and responsibilities?

Kinship

Who would maintain the jus primae noctis( aka right of the first night)?

Lords

Which of these societies was the rarest?

Maritime

Development of monetary systems created growth opportunities for the_____ class in agrarian societies.

Merchants

What is the technology for making metal called?

Metallurgy

Hominids have spent______ percent of their history in hunting and gathering societies.

More than 99

The average horticultural society in the modern era had a population of:

More than a thousand people

Which of the is NOT used to classify a society

None of the above

a society is industrial if more than half of its income is derived from productive activities involving:

None of the above

Which of the following stratification divisions is based on achieved instead of ascribed characteristics?

Occupational

In the agrarian era, what social rank/class made up most of the society?

Peasant

What is one of the five basic components of human societies?

Population

what causes variation in the rate of innovation? ( This could be an increase or decrease)

Population size, social status, Social attitude

What are the 3 dimensions of inequality?

Power, prestige, possessions

What is hedonism?

Pursuit of pleasure

During prolonged periods of isolation, humans genetically differentiated in many different ways including skin color, hair color, and body build. What concept eventually developed through these visible changes?

Race

Which of the following is not a cause of the shift from a hunter-gatherer to a horticultural society?

Religious discoveries