SPC2608

Which is an example of external noise?

A classmate is tapping her pencil during an exam.

Which statement about Wikipedia is true?

A good use of Wikipedia is identifying other sources about a topic.

Which example BEST represents lay testimony?

A professional hockey player recommends a specific car rental company.

Who said that the subject of style specifically concerned word choice and diction? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Aristotle Cicero Gorgias Plato

Aristotle

Who argued that each person goes through eight life stages?

Erik Erikson

Which ancient Greek orator compared the exciting and fearful effects of a good speech to "witchcraft" or "spell binding"?

Gorgias

Consider the following statements as a potential part of a speech. Which could be considered controversial and thus would warrant further investigation?

Gun control would prevent gun death.

Which statement BEST describes the process of coming up with a speech topic?

It can be deliberate or accidental.

Which is true about listening?

It comes before speaking.

Which statement works BEST as a thesis statement for a speech celebrating the valedictorian of a graduating class?

The valedictorian not only was committed to personal success but spent countless hours helping others as well, and for this, she deserves a round of applause.

Which is an appropriate question to ask during a research interview with a renowned medical researcher?

What are your go-to resources when thinking about this topic?

A presentation about the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services includes the statement, "The Migrant Health Act was passed in 1962." This is an example of: a statistic. a story. a fact. testimony.

a fact

A speech that draws on a variety of sources for evidence can be perceived as more reliable and:

balanced.

The elocutionary movement was obsessed with the pronunciation of words and their appropriate corresponding: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. tone. evidence. volume. body gestures.

body gestures.

In what model is public speaking understood to be a component of a large democratic dialogue among communities, or "publics"?

civic

In what model of public speaking are the speaker and audience understood to be in dialogue with each other?

conversational

What type of cultures are more community oriented and place more value on bodily expression? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. high context ancient competitive low context

high context

The inability of one or more communicators to apprehend meanings, feelings, or identities, and to coordinate their behaviors, is referred to as:

misunderstanding.

Iris wants to ensure that her speech is balanced. What will help her achieve this?

referencing a variety of sources

There is a cultural expectation that speeches should be:

researched.

When should a speaker outline or describe the effects of the problem in a problem-solution organizational pattern? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. fourth third second first

second

According to Freud, what is the basis of many, if not most, wishes?

the desire to be loved

Eighteenth-century philosopher Thomas Reid argued that humans are gullible because they are fundamentally:

trustful.

When commenting on a friend's status update online, a person is participating in what type of audience?

unknown

Which is an example of irony? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Ben tells his dad, "I'm going to turn up the heat. It's like a meat locker in this house." Samantha tells Laura that her new baby is a doll. Erica tells her friend, "My chemistry teacher was such a bear." Amy says to her teenaged daughter, "A ski trip with your boyfriend? Six states away? With no chaperone? No, I have no problem with that at all!"

Amy says to her teenaged daughter, "A ski trip with your boyfriend? Six states away? With no chaperone? No, I have no problem with that at all!"

Cynthia is using information obtained from her personal interview with an investment adviser as a source for her speech about saving for retirement. What guidelines should Cynthia follow regarding the inclusion of an oral citation?

An oral citation is needed and should include the fact that Cynthia personally interviewed the adviser, the adviser's name and profession, the company the adviser works for, and the date of the interview.

Which is a true statement about orally citing sources?

Depending on the speech situation, a speaker may not need to include all of the source information.

Which is true of the relationship between speaking and listening?

Listening comes before speaking.

Janessa is a medical blogger and is giving a speech at a writers' conference. Her audience consists of about 30 people, and the speech is taking place in a small meeting room. How does this scenario compare to the average speech people are asked to give in their lifetimes?

Most speeches are for smaller groups and take place in smaller locations.

What makes databases more trustworthy than general Internet searches?

The articles have been through an editorial or a peer-review process.

Takira is speaking to an audience who is familiar with her. What is expected in this situation? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Goodwill will be more difficult to establish. Malapropisms are less likely to occur. There is a reduced chance of the audience misunderstanding the message. Takira will be more likely to use vivid language.

There is a reduced chance of the audience misunderstanding the message.

Margo is reading an online story about the potential health benefits of multivitamins. What key question should she ask in order to determine whether it is from a reliable source?

Who wrote the story?

A preference for something, including characteristics, beliefs, ideas, and values, that benefits the speaker or others unequally is called:

conscious bias.

To know what is appropriate to do or say in a speech, a speaker first needs to:

consider the physical arrangement of the audience in the speaking location.

Thinking about what supporting materials would be appropriate to include in a speech based on the speech situation is called:

contextual reasoning.

When orally citing sources, speakers should give listeners enough information to track down their sources if they want to, and also to impart a sense of the sources':

credibility.

Jack makes inferences about a speaker's character. Jack is referring to the speaker's: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. impression management. disposition. denotation. expertise.

disposition.

A speaker who describes an imaginary scenario as part of a speech is using which type of speech support? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. personal experience lay testimony visual data hypothetical example

hypothetical example

While giving a speech, Marcus makes a joke involving a popular-culture reference, and the audience laughs and claps. What is this shared moment an example of?

identification Moments of identification can also be called finding common ground or, as Aristotle put it, fostering goodwill with the audience. The audience appreciates something similar to Marcus and expresses it by clapping and laughing.

Leah, a management consultant and "service evangelist," gives a speech about improving customer service at a corporate event. When the host of the event talks to the audience members after the speech, most people report that they felt the speech didn't really apply to them. This suggests that Leah failed to:

identify where her interest, the purpose of the event, and the audience's interest overlapped.

The kinds of reasoning most people do in public speaking is often said to depend on what philosopher Douglas Walton refers to as:

informal logic.

Abby will be presenting her research at a conference of her peers. She plans to present a project she has been working on for several years, but she needs to limit its scope to fit within the twenty minutes she has been allotted for her presentation. What would MOST help Abby narrow her topic?

learning about the audience's main interests about the topic

Speakers typically fashion an outline to reduce their speech comments to the most fundamental and memorable points to help them: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. reduce the number of points covered. mentally assemble the speech later. discover hidden connections between related concepts. keep the content simple for the audience.

mentally assemble the speech later.

Which is crucial to nearly every speech situation?

narrowing the speech topic

By anticipating audience reactions and gathering information about them, speakers are much more likely to avoid:

public speaking anxiety.

Which refers to a group of people who have the same or similar physical characteristics based on visible traits or social relations?

race

Jennifer's father was born in Korea. Even though Jennifer does not speak Korean and has never been to Korea, she looks Korean. In this example, Korean would be considered Jennifer's:

race.

Which form of supporting material is always numbers based?

statistics

In her speech, Laura plans to use the problem-solution organizational pattern to discuss why people should invest in a UV phone sanitizer to clean their cell phones and prevent the spread of germs. What should Laura discuss first? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. the fact that phones are infrequently cleaned and are often covered with germs the fact that people can get sick from touching contaminated surfaces, such as their phones the claim that other solutions to clean phones are cumbersome or less effective the claim that a UV phone sanitizer is easy to use and effective at killing germs

the fact that phones are infrequently cleaned and are often covered with germs

Which statement is true about Aristotle's informal use of the term lexis? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Aristotle used the word to denote one's manner of speaking in general. Aristotle used the term informally, as people would use the term word. Aristotle said that the subject of style specifically concerned word choice and diction. Aristotle had an expansive view of lexis, or style, which he termed elocutio.

Aristotle used the word informally to denote one's manner of speaking in general.

In some cases, it may not be necessary for a speaker to orally cite all of their source information. This depends on the:

speech situation.

Which are extended examples with a beginning, a middle, and an end? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. stories hypotheticals timelines outlines

stories

Which group would be likely to respond to appeals to individualism but not chastisement?

teenage crisis

A distinguishing characteristic of stories is that they:

have a beginning, a middle, and an end.

Adelle is preparing a presentation on how children learn to read in the digital age. Which statement from her presentation would be classified as a fact? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. "Early childhood educators need to provide more opportunities for young students to use digital technology." "In her experiment examining how children interact with digital media, Levy conducted interviews with students, teachers, and parents." "Learning to read in the twenty-first century is more complex and challenging that it was previously." "I can see evidence of children assigning meaning to symbols in my own children when they interact with technology."

"In her experiment examining how children interact with digital media, Levy conducted interviews with students, teachers, and parents."

How does an example differ from a story? An example describes a hypothetical situation, whereas a story reflects actual events. A story is longer than an example and includes a beginning, a middle, and an end. An example is appropriate for formal occasions, while a story is more appropriate for informal occasions. A story recounts a personal experience, whereas an example describes an event the speaker did not personally experience.

A story is longer than an example and includes a beginning, a middle, and an end.

Melvin has speech anxiety and gets consumed by the "what ifs" before giving a speech. For example, he worries that he will mess up, speak too fast, trip onstage, or any number of possibilities. In one of Melvin's current courses, he will be required to give multiple speeches over the semester. After the course is complete, how will Melvin's speech anxiety likely be affected?

He will likely have less anxiety about giving speeches.

Ken is giving a speech about growing herbs at home. He is following a temporal pattern for his speech and is now creating his basic speech outline. Which outline format would be appropriate for this speech? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. 1. When / 2. Where / 3. How I. Find a Location / II. Prepare the Soil / III. Plant / IV. Water / V. Harvest I. Planting Your Herbs / A. Selecting a Space / B. Preparing the Soil / C. Planting A. Choosing Where / B. Prepping the Soil / 1. Type of Soil / 2. Loosening the Soil / C. Planting

I. Planting Your Herbs / A. Selecting a Space / B. Preparing the Soil / C. Planting In an outline, the order of hierarchy is roman numerals, capital letters, arabic numbers, and so on.

A speaker has six important points she wants people to remember from her speech. How can she help her audience remember all six points? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Organize the points into chunks. Use an interesting attention getter before discussing each point. Include a photo to accompany each point. Include the points in her thesis statement.

Organize the points into chunks.

What ethical concern is associated with using statistics? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. They are not based in fact. They can be manipulated and misused. They can stir up powerful emotions. They predominantly focus on extreme views.

They can be manipulated and misused.

Elbert is an expert in leadership and change management. He has been asked to speak about customer-employee relations at an event for small business owners in another city. Before the event, Elbert spends time getting familiar with the culture of the city and getting to know the businesses. What question is Elbert trying to answer?

What topics will be interesting and relevant to my audience?

Martin posts a picture to Instagram while eating dinner at his favorite restaurant. Several of his Instagram followers like the photo and comment that they love the restaurant as well. This scenario is an example of:

a moment of identification.

A primary benefit of using statistics in a speech is that statistics: are self-explanatory to the audience. are the most efficient means for creating a mental picture in the audience's minds. add credibility to the speaker's claims. highlight a common experience among humans.

add credibility to the speaker's claims.

Which source would likely be the MOST reliable?

an article from an academic journal

If a speaker is unsure whether those in the back of the room can hear them, they should: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. ask the audience if they can hear them. tap the microphone to see if it is working. speak a little louder. ask people to move up front.

ask the audience if they can hear them.

What is the process of studying an audience before, during, and after a speech called?

audience analysis

Cicero argued that one cannot easily separate what one says from: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. what one means. who one is. what is true. how one says it.

how one says it.

Which is NOT a type of testimony commonly used in speeches? hypothetical lay expert personal

hypothetical

Every message sent between or among people is fundamentally about:

identity.

Noah has been accused of cherry-picking statistics to support his claim. If true, this means that Noah: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. intentionally ignored data that contradicted his claim. cited data only from large organizations. selected data that was out of date. used data from multiple sources to support his claim.

intentionally ignored data that contradicted his claim.

An active response to the call of another is known as:

listening.

After a speaker has determined the topic area for a speech, what is the next step in the invention process?

narrowing the topic

Meka is evaluating statistics that she may include in her speech. As part of her evaluation, she asks herself, "Does the data support the financial gains of a person or an organization?" Meka is MOST likely assessing for: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. applicability to the topic. interest level to the audience. links to other related data. possible bias.

possible bias.

Which is a requirement of identification?

prior separateness As Burke argued, there cannot be identification, or a desire to connect, without a prior separateness.

The best concrete examples of how sources are orally cited in today's culture can be found in: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. newspaper news reports. radio news reports. Internet news reports. television news reports.

radio news reports.

In general, the basic methods of research for speeches involve all of these EXCEPT:

reading other students' essays.

Which is NOT a component of rhetorical scholar Barry Brummett's view of style? anchoring the concept of style to personhood style being the core of self-understanding seeing style as what people say more than how they say it seeing style as part of individual identity

seeing style as what people say more than how they say it

The ways in which people choose to pay attention to some things as meaningful, important, and relevant while dismissing other things is called:

selective perception.

Ryen is biologically a female and is attracted to those who identify as female. Her attraction to those who identify as female is considered her:

sexual orientation.

Facts, statistics, and testimony are all examples of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. narratives. supporting material. factual content. contextual reasoning.

supporting material.

According to Rokeach, what an audience hears is filtered through their:

system of understanding the world.

Calvin is an elected official giving a speech to his constituents. In his introduction, he makes sure to tell the audience that he understands and cares about the same issues they do. Why does Calvin include this in his speech? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. to establish credibility to explain the purpose of his speech to cultivate goodwill to acknowledge the speaking situation

to cultivate goodwill

Cordelia is speaking about the characteristics of a good red wine reduction sauce, but she is having trouble coming up with transitions. Which speech design is she likely using? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. temporal topical rambling spatial

topical

Carlos is leading an informal meeting with a small group of peer mentors. They are meeting in a private study room of the library. Based on the speech location, it is recommended that Carlos:

use subtle hand motions.

In the ancient Greek study of oratory, figuring out what to say for a particular audience was referred to as:

"Invention" is the original Greek term for the first step in the speech preparation process.

Which statement does NOT provide a statistic? "The United States has more than 136 million housing units." "The median age of first-time homebuyers is thirty-two years." "According to the 2018 U.S. census, the current homeownership rate is 64.4 percent." "The average homeowner lacks the skills to complete basic repairs in the home."

"The average homeowner lacks the skills to complete basic repairs in the home."

Oliver is giving a speech in an auditorium and knows he will have to use a microphone. He seeks out advice from his friend Chad. What advice should Chad give Oliver? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Be mindful of your visual aids if you walk around on stage. If you walk around, always move side to side, but avoid moving toward or away from the audience. Stay behind the podium to avoid creating feedback. When moving around the stage, don't spend too much time on one side or the other; quickly move back and forth from side to side.

Be mindful of your visual aids if you walk around on stage. Public speakers often have the freedom to move around, and they can do so as long as they're not obstructing a visual aid or tethered to a corded microphone.

Which statement about stories as a form of supporting material is true? They can reflect real-life events or be fictional. They are very brief illustrations of a concept. They are the most effective means of sharing numerical data. They are used exclusively to communicate the speaker's personal experiences.

They can reflect real-life events or be fictional.

Which of the following is NOT a type of supporting material? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. stories statistics testimony contextual judgments

contextual judgments

What is used to determine how to put support materials to best use when supporting a speech? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. common sense audience analysis informal logic contextual reasoning

contextual reasoning

Martina is giving a speech before the Parent-Teacher Association at her son's school to try to persuade her fellow parents to vote to use the money in their treasury to resurface the playground. Which form of speech support would be LEAST effective for this speech situation? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. testimony facts statistics declarations of faith

declarations of faith

Stereotyping in a speech violates which audience expectation?

demonstrate respect

What two purposes are served by citing sources within a speech?

demonstrating reliability and providing resources for interested audience members

Which statement from a presentation about organ donation is a supporting fact and not a statistic? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. "More than 80 percent of those on the transplant list are in need of a kidney." "Watching a loved one fight for their lives while waiting for years on a transplant list is devastating for the entire family." "A kidney transplant is a surgical procedure that replaces a diseased or nonfunctioning kidney with a healthy kidney from a living or deceased donor." "At just five months of age, Lucas was diagnosed with a life-threatening kidney disease and began spending most of his days in the hospital."

"A kidney transplant is a surgical procedure that replaces a diseased or nonfunctioning kidney with a healthy kidney from a living or deceased donor."

The only messages an audience can really hear are those that:

align with how they understand the world.

Which sound is a person's brain MOST likely to filter out?

the constant hum of a fan

During brainstorming, Riley becomes stuck. She decides to use free association and populates an entire page of seemingly unrelated words. What should Riley do next?

Ask herself what the words have in common.

A nonprofit organization has asked Michal, a martial arts instructor, to give a speech on self-defense. The organization told him he will be speaking to a group of about forty college women who want to feel more confident walking on campus at night. Which basic question should Michal ask himself to better define his topic?

What is the speaking situation?

Fatima is researching gender discrimination in politics for her public speaking course. Which online resource would be the MOST helpful?

an academic essay from LexisNexis

Scholars who study audiences tend to break down identity characteristics into:

demography.

What is being described by the statement "The first step in writing a great speech is playing with ideas and seeing what sticks"?

developing topic ideas

Noah has been accused of cherry-picking statistics to support his claim. If true, this means that Noah:

intentionally ignored data that contradicted his claim.

A more robust understanding of listening involves a set of:

moral principles.

Thinking about an audience's jobs and estimated income will give a speaker insight into their:

socioeconomic status.

When giving a prepared speech on his favorite movie, Javier is excited and naturally speaks louder. Through which means is Javier expressing his excitement?

vocal tone

When a speaker selects speech materials based on the context of a speech, they are also figuring out the mood and feeling of the speaking situation as well as the soundness of what is to be said. In other words, they are engaging in a form of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. feeling analysis. speech support. reasoning. audience analysis.

(contextual) reasoning.

Which statement about the unconscious aspects of personal style is true? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Although many aspects of personal style are unconscious, public speaking scholars have ways of improving people's disposition as speakers. No one can help people address the unconscious aspects of their personal style that need work; they need to do it themselves. The most helpful tools or techniques for dealing with unconscious aspects of personal choice are outlining and practice. Impression management can be valuable, even if people are not conscious of the area of personal style being targeted for improvement.

Although many aspects of personal style are unconscious, public speaking scholars have ways of improving people's disposition as speakers.

Ted is giving a speech on poetry. Which statement should he include in his speech to increase the chances of the speech lingering in the minds of the audience? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Next, I will discuss the poetic form called triolet. In the remainder of my speech, I will discuss scansion, or the act of scanning a line of poetry to determine its rhythm. I have discussed sonnets and sestinas; now let's move on to haikus. As the famous writer and poet Edgar Allan Poe said, "Quoth the Raven, nevermore."

As the famous writer and poet Edgar Allan Poe said, "Quoth the Raven, nevermore."

What is the relationship between style and disposition? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Audiences perceive a speaker's disposition through their style. Disposition is another word for style. Both are representations of people's selves, but style is conscious and disposition is unconscious. Audiences perceive a speaker's style through their disposition.

Audiences perceive a speaker's disposition through their style.

Deisha wants to include some direct quotes in her speech. Where should Deisha include those quotes verbatim? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. She should include them in her speaking outline but not her preparation outline. She does not need to include direct quotations verbatim in either outline. She should include them in her preparation outline but not her speaking outline. She should include them in both her preparation outline and her speaking outline.

She should include them in both her preparation outline and her speaking outline.

How does the citation of sources differ in oral versus written presentations? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Citations are not needed for oral presentations. There are more requirements for oral citations than for written presentations. There are fewer requirements for oral citations than for written presentations. Both require citations of the same types of data, but citations for oral presentations can be abbreviated versions of the written format.

Both require citations of the same types of data, but citations for oral presentations can be abbreviated versions of the written format.

According to Jean-luc Doumont, which person has the ideal number of main points in their speech? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Faith, who has five main points Eric, who has six main points Brena, who has six points organized into three chunks Tristan, who has five points organized into four chunks

Brena, who has six points organized into three chunks

José is ready to create his speaking outline. What should he do? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Identify two to three key words from each line of his preparation outline and use those to create the speaking outline. Create a simplified version of his preparation outline that also includes memory aids for himself. Research support for his main points. Determine the hierarchy of his main points and arrange them accordingly.

Create a simplified version of his preparation outline that also includes memory aids for himself.

What is the difference between an accent and a dialect? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Dialects include more elements than accents. Accents can never be wrong, but dialects can be wrong. Slang is sometimes part of an accent, but it is never part of a dialect. Accents include more elements than dialects.

Dialects include more elements than accents.

Sergio has been asked to give a speech about volunteering in the community. He's unsure if he should use formal or informal language, since the event is being held outdoors in a park and he thinks the audience will be a mix of people he knows and those he doesn't. Sergio asks his friend, Marshall, for advice. What advice should Marshall give? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. If there will be more than ten people, you should use formal language. The event is in a park, which is a casual environment, so informal language will be most appropriate. Play it by ear when you get there. If the audience will be dressed formally, use formal language.

If the audience will be dressed formally, use formal language.

Jenna, an introvert, is nervous about participating in a group project. Her professor tells her, "Just pretend you are an extrovert and be full of energy." According to researchers, if Jenna follows her instructor's advice, what is MOST likely to happen?

Jenna will be perceived as an extrovert and will view the interaction as positive. The Wake Forest study suggests that just acting extroverted can improve the positive feelings of the speaker and the whole group and lead to more productive or successful interactions.

Each of these four people are trying to listen to a debate on television but are distracted by different things. Which person is distracted by internal noise?

Kai, who is concerned about not being able to pay the rent this month

Which adjective BEST describes examples? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. numerical descriptive technical visual

descriptive

Laney asks a friend to listen to her speech and give feedback. In her speech, Laney opens with a direct quote from a well-known activist, states her thesis, gives a preview of what she plans to cover, enumerates each point as she moves through her speech, concludes by repeating her thesis word for word, and then says, "Thank you." What feedback should her friend give her? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Don't say "Thank you" at the end. Rather than repeating your thesis exactly, try stating it another way. Consider using stronger transitions than just enumerations. Don't start with a direct quote; that tactic is overused and ineffective.

Rather than repeating your thesis exactly, try stating it another way.

Which ending to a speech about the accomplishments of singer Whitney Houston would MOST likely be remembered by the audience? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Whitney Houston is an inspiration to us all. Thank you. Singer Whitney Houston accomplished many different things and is an inspiration to me. Remember her accomplishments and, in the words of Whitney Houston herself, remember that she "never lived in anyone's shadow." In summation, remember that singer Whitney Houston accomplished extraordinary things during her lifetime.

Remember her accomplishments and, in the words of Whitney Houston herself, remember that she "never lived in anyone's shadow."

Caroline is a successful businessperson who grew up as upper middle class. She gave a speech to high school seniors at a school whose students live in low-income areas of the city. Caroline later received feedback that the audience was often disengaged and not listening. Which characteristic of her speech is MOST likely responsible for this? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. She used the term "they" to refer to a hypothetical person in one story. She repeatedly used "us" and "we" when addressing the students. She used the phrase "could care less" when she meant to use "couldn't care less." She steadfastly avoided the use of slang during her speech.

She repeatedly used "us" and "we" when addressing the students.

What does a speaker need to keep in mind when speaking as an expert to inexperts? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Since the goal is to help the audience understand, it is important to use clear and concise language. If the speaker is an outsider, they should try to work the slang of the insiders into their speech. Speaking as an expert requires the use of formal language. Use of jargon can help establish a speaker's credibility with the audience.

Since the goal is to help the audience understand, it is important to use clear and concise language.

Which statement about contextual reasoning is NOT true? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Strict contextual reasoning guidelines govern all speaking situations. What may seem like weak support in one context can be strong support in another. There is no correct or incorrect way to reason contextually. A speaker must analyze the context of a speech in advance to determine how to best support it.

Strict contextual reasoning guidelines govern all speaking situations.

Kalinda is trying to determine whether an article she found online is a reliable source for her speech about how chronic stress affects the immune system. In evaluating the source, she sees that the author is a medical doctor who specializes in disorders of the immune system. What can be concluded from this information?

The source is credible.

Which is an example of connotation versus denotation? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. A rose is a flower that grows on a thorny bush. It is also the past tense of rise. The word pig can be found in the dictionary and has a formal definition, or denotative meaning. It has a positive connotation to a pig farmer and a negative connotation to a person being called one. A throne can be something royalty sits on, or it can refer to a toilet. The denotative meaning of shred is to tear something apart. A guitar player can also be said to shred, although this does not mean tearing the guitar apart.

The word pig can be found in the dictionary and has a formal definition, or denotative meaning. It has a positive connotation to a pig farmer and a negative connotation to a person being called one.

Clifton gives an informative speech for his speech class. He speaks more slowly during serious portions, modulates his voice, pauses frequently between points, and avoids the use of verbal fillers. What feedback is his speech professor MOST likely to give about Clifton's speech? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Work in the occasional verbal filler to help connect with the audience. Work to reduce the number of pauses in your speaking. Avoid modulating your voice when you speak. Try to increase your rate when discussing serious points to drive home the seriousness of the situation.

Work to reduce the number of pauses in your speaking. Pausing is often natural and connotes either emphasis or thinking. However, too many pauses can indicate that the speaker is unprepared or distracted.

The way people use language and the words they choose help create the emotional character of their speech. In other words, they are part of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. tone. delivery. persuasion. dialogue.

Tone includes both the words people use and how they say them.

Damian found this statistic while doing research for an upcoming presentation: "According to the survey, 77 percent of the public favor incremental increases to the Medicare program." What question should he find the answer to before including this statistic in his presentation? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Will the audience already be familiar with this information? Is the data likely to change in the next few years? Who was the survey sent to? Does the statistic support or contradict his position?

Who was the survey sent to? This is important. Consider how the results may differ if the survey was sent only to older adults or only to college students.

Lily tells her friend that her son is starting to throw temper tantrums. Her friend replies, "You have to nip that in the b*tt before it gets out of control." Lily's friend's erroneous use of "nip it in the b*tt" rather than "nip it in the bud" is an example of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. a metaphor. a malapropism. irony. denotation.

a malapropism. Malapropism is the accidental confusion of ideas or similar-sounding words, sometimes referred to as a "Freudian slip."

Carlos is giving a speech to teachers who specialize in special education. The vast majority of these teachers are female, and they teach students who have a range of disabilities. It is important that Carlos take which step when preparing his speech? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. use the pronoun "she" when referring to teachers use identity-first language work to avoid any malapropisms ask the teachers what type of language they prefer

ask the teachers what type of language they prefer

Harry is preparing to give a speech at a fund-raising event. He believes that if people were to put themselves in the place of those he is seeking to help, they would better understand the need and make a donation. Which attention getter would help accomplish this? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. sharing a startling statistic reading a quote from someone affected acknowledging the reason for the event asking the audience to imagine themselves in a specific scenario

asking the audience to imagine themselves in a specific scenario

To encourage listening, speakers should: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. avoid biased and sexist language and limit the use of slang. be authentic in their word choice, even if it might offend the audience. avoid being charitable to one another. choose words and exhibit body language similar to what they would use in a conversation with a like-minded friend.

avoid biased and sexist language and limit the use of slang.

While researching her speech on education in America, Madeline decides to use data that focuses on students in the Northeast, the area of the country where she's from. This is an example of a(n): Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. bias. belief. opinion. value.

bias

Where in a speech is a speaker MOST likely to use enumeration? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. body of the speech start of the introduction conclusion end of the introduction

body of the speech

The fundamental purpose of public speaking is to:

build community.

A speaker is more likely to overlook important complexities and details about a topic if they rely too much on:

common knowledge

The statement "An apple is a fruit" is an example of:

common knowledge.

After selecting a speech topic, a speaker considers which types of supporting materials best support the mood she is trying to strike during her speech. She is applying: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. contextual reasoning. conscious bias. ethical decision making. implicit bias.

contextual reasoning.

A speaker who is considering including a statistic as supporting material in a speech should first: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. determine what the statistic measures. consider whether the statistic can be presented graphically. ensure that at least two sources are reporting the same data. review the demographics of the target audience.

determine what the statistic measures.

If a speaker decides to visit a museum or an archive, it is likely that the person is:

engaging in research.

George is writing an informative speech about the conservation of wildlife. He wants his audience to create a mental picture of the species that are at risk. What support material will BEST help him accomplish this? personal experience statistics stories or narratives examples

examples

Jacob is giving a speech at a fund-raiser for a shelter for teens experiencing homelessness. He was a resident of the shelter when he was younger. Which type of support is NOT likely to be useful in this speech? statistics testimony examples facts

examples

Sylvia is a financial analyst for a large corporation. She has been asked to come speak about her job at her fourth-grade son's career day at school. Which kind of speech support should Sylvia use to help make the content understandable for her audience? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. stories and narratives statistics testimony examples

examples

Paulina periodically reviews videos of herself giving speeches to see how her gestures and expressions match up to her verbal message. Based on research, it would be expected that Paulina would: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. use more verbal fillers than those who do not do this. make fewer pronunciation errors compared with other speakers. experience reduced anxiety as a speaker. be prone to using forced gestures as a speaker.

experience reduced anxiety as a speaker.

Verifiable truths, or information that can be independently confirmed, are called: testimonies. examples. stories. facts.

facts

When giving a speech about challenges faced by adult learners, Orlando periodically refers to his notes. When he sees "C. Mindset—doubt," he begins to describe how mindset affects learning. What was Orlando referring to during his speech? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. his preparation outline his works-cited list his specific purpose statement his speaking outline

his speaking outline

Aristotle believed that public speaking often concerns two things: the use of examples and: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. statistical data. common knowledge. anecdotes. informal logic.

informal logic.

Which organizational pattern would MOST likely be used if a speaker were to give a speech that tells the story of Harry S. Truman? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. narrative problem-solution topical spatial

narrative

Which type of audience would be considered an unknown audience?

online discussion board

Meena gives a speech in which she attempts to convince her company to adopt a four-day workweek. The general purpose of her speech is to:

persuade.

Which approach is a good method for dealing with speech anxiety?

telling oneself that anxiety is just excitement

Expert, lay, and personal experience all describe types of:

testimony.

Which organizational pattern is associated with trying to convince audiences to do or think things they wouldn't otherwise do or think? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. temporal historical arrangement problem-solution rambling

problem-solution

Which would be of GREATEST appeal to a person in the teenage crisis?

promises of career success

Someone who attends only to information they think is important or relevant to them is engaged in:

selective listening.

Samantha's informative speech is about the environmental problems caused by plastic water bottles. Which support material will BEST help her demonstrate the seriousness of this problem? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. testimony stories or narratives statistics examples

statistics

The Greek term lexis means "word," but the Athenians specified that it was the way or manner in which one said something, otherwise known as: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. disposition. pacing. rhetoric. style.

style

One situation in which personal experience is recommended to support claims in a speech is if: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. the audience already has knowledge of the topic being discussed. the speech includes only one main point. the inclusion of the personal experience will help build rapport with the audience. the speaker ran out of time to properly research a speech.

the inclusion of the personal experience will help build rapport with the audience.

Tone does NOT include: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. what people wear when they speak. body movement. vocal elements of style. the response of the audience.

the response of the audience.

Stories hold a potent appeal for most people, including audiences, at least in part because: people love humor. they can often unite an audience despite tensions or disagreements. people organize their lives as a collection of messages. they have a beginning, a middle, and an end.

they can often unite an audience despite tensions or disagreements.

Lataya is an aerospace engineer who plans to use the problem-solution organizational pattern to persuade her boss that they should change the wing design of their planes to fix the problem of limited speed. When should Lataya describe the different types of wing designs? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. fourth third second first

third

Ideas usually catch on because they are:

tied to feelings.

What is the purpose of a preparation outline? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. to organize main points and speech support to identify claims or statements that require further research to narrow down a speech topic to serve as a memory aid for the speaker

to organize main points and speech support

If a person is speaking before an audience they do not know well, consisting mostly of strangers, the general rule is to: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. limit the use of tropes. use vivid language. use more formal language. avoid the use of alliteration.

use more formal language.

A speaker who organizes the main points of a speech using spatial patterning is attempting to help the audience: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. anticipate a particular end. visualize moving through a place. connect a result with a specific cause. draw on their inner sense of progression.

visualize moving through a place.

Seth's speech includes words that are sensuous and evocative. How would Seth's language be categorized? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. formal vivid accidental denotative

vivid

The most important vocalic element is: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. pitch. volume. rate. articulation.

volume.

Early on in a speech, the audience feels a sense of rapport with the speaker. Based on this, we can conclude that the speaker: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. used enumeration to outline their point. was able to cultivate goodwill. was successful at getting the audience to engage in visualization. told a joke in the introduction.

was able to cultivate goodwill.

As forms of speech support, declarations of faith are most effective: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. when the audience members all hold the same religious beliefs. when used to fuel protest movements. at religious occasions. when an inspirational or even a spiritual tone is called for.

when an inspirational or even a spiritual tone is called for.

Aristotle collected his remarks on style under the Greek term lexis, which directly translates to: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. speech. word. symbol. code.

word

Angelina is picking out kale at the grocery store. An older woman whom Angelina does not know approaches and says, "This store has the best kale." Angelina smiles and nods because she thinks the same thing. Which of Burke's ideas does this exemplify?

flattery

Which is a true statement about orally citing sources?

Radio news reports are the best models for how to present sources orally.

How is the conversational model different from the civic model

The conversational model sees public speaking as a dialogue between the speaker and the audience, whereas the civic model sees public speaking as a component of a much larger democratic dialogue among communities.

Diego is a professional speaker. He tells a potential employer, "I have a great speech about building resilience that I think would be appropriate. The initial speech was more preventive, so I would revise it to address the fact that this audience has recently experienced a significant trauma." This reflects Diego's understanding of the:

difference in speech situation

During class, Professor Ingraham states, "Public speaking can be used to inform and persuade, but unscrupulous speakers can also use it as a means to manipulate." Professor Ingraham is referring to speakers':

ethics.

Ingrid was born in Sweden. However, she moved to the United States as a child, speaks English fluently, and enjoys watching baseball in the summer. She views herself as an American. American would be considered Ingrid's:

ethnic identity.

Eve is writing a speech for her communications class about the use of replay in professional sports. Within her speech, she says, "The NBA, NFL, MLB, and NHL all currently include video reviews and/or challenges." In terms of requiring further research, how does this statement stack up?

This statement is considered common knowledge and is not controversial.

Which is a visual representation of the relationships between ideas?

concept map

Davis shares a draft of his speech with his professor. The speech topic is rather controversial and makes claims beyond the reach of common knowledge. Additionally, the speech is based on a single source. What advice is the professor likely to give to help Davis improve the credibility of his speech?

consult and reference more sources

Kenny works on the receiving dock for a retail store. At recent team meetings, his manager has been calling him out for making errors. Kenny now feels a sense of dread and anger about these meetings, and even though he appears to be listening calmly, he knows he isn't really listening. What listening barrier is causing Kenny to not listen during meetings?

defensive listening

Anya is having difficulty focusing on a lecture. Which action would help her reduce external noise?

turning off her cell phone

Julian gives a presentation at a company function intended to recognize employees who had reached milestone anniversaries. After the event, many employees report that they were confused about Julian's presentation and unsure how it related to the long-term employees. What could have helped Julian avoid making this mistake?

understanding the primary characteristic of the speech situation

Calvin has been trying to get a meeting with Bria for months. He wants to pitch her on his company's new product. He runs into her at a conference, and she agrees to hear him out, but she doesn't have time for a sit-down meeting. Instead, Calvin will have to present to her as they are walking. What should Calvin be sure to do when conducting this meeting?

use vivid metaphors to support his topic

Malik reads a magazine article at his doctor's office that talks about the effects of salt on heart disease. He becomes curious and wants to learn more. What action would help him do this?

using his smartphone to search for "salt and heart disease" on the Internet

What two messages are always present in any one message?

what a speaker believes they are saying and what a listener believes they are hearing

Devin has been asked to speak to a group of do-it-yourself beekeepers. Devin is very interested in bee behavior and why home beekeepers are needed, but he has no strong feelings about the process of beekeeping. His audience is interested in best practices for successful beekeeping and learning more about queen bees. Which topic is MOST likely to engage Devin's audience?

why bees leave the hive and how to prevent it