Speech CH6-9 Review
What three aspects of language should you vary to keep a speech lively?
-vocabulary -sentencelength -sentence structure
What five things should influence your choice of a speech topic?
1)Is this topic of interest to me? 2)Is this topic of interest to the audience? 3)Is there adequate research available? 4)Will this topic fit into the time? 5)Is this topic timely?
How is spoken language different from written language?
1)Make it clear- different than written language 2)short and simple 3)specific words 4)concrete rather than abstract 5)restatement 6)remove unnecessary words
What should be involved in an audience analysis?
1)age 2)gender 3)economic status 4)race 5)size of the audience 6)prior knowledge 7)background
organic
relating to internal feelings (hunger, thirst, pain)
visual
relating to sight
olfactory
relating to smell
auditory
relating to sound
gustatory
relating to taste
tactile
relating to the sense of touch
metaphor
direct comparison omitting words like or as
euphamism
gentle expression for a harsh or unpleasant reality
slang
informal language that is outside the conventional or standard usage, which often comes in and goes out of style rapidly
irony
literal meaning expressed is the opposite of meaning intended
connotations
meaning attached to a word that goes beyond the dictionary meaning
cliche
overused expression that has become almost meaningless
rhetorical question
questions that are not meant be answered aloud
List some examples of symptoms of stage fright and their solutions.
-Excessive sweating (solution: ignore it) -Shaky hands (solution: use notecards) -Stumbling over words (solution: speak slowly and deliberately) -Unwillingness to look at audience (solution: look above heads, or other parts of face at first) -Cold hands and feet (solution: platform movements and gestures)
What is a thesis, and why is it important?
-Thesis is a sentence that defines the main purpose of your speech. -It is important for it to be clear because then it tells your audience right away what you are trying to say and the goal of your speech.
What can be done during a speech to combat stage fright?
-diaphragm support -direct nervous energy into expressiveness -strong mental attitude -concentrate on topic -concentrate on audience
What other factors must be considered during a speech?
-microphone -distractions/context (ex. school bell) -stand -organized notes
What is stage fright? How is it caused?
-natural occurrence -occurs from tension -when controlled, can be helpful→ when uncontrolled can be harmful -feels worse to you than it looks
What are nonverbal aspects of speaking to control before/during a speech? Why is each important?
-physical appearance→ at least lookkk confident; be a step up from audience -eye contact→ engages audience; choose people ahead of time -gestures→ help emphasize points; plan, but make sure not robotic -movements→ help with nervous energy; deliberate
What preparations can be done before a speech to control stage fright?
-practice→ preparation and timed rehearsals; use small audience; mirrors/tape/record; use similar size space -physical preparation→ well rested
How is stage fright revealed during a speech (symptoms)?
-trembling hands -stumbling over words -feeling like you can't breathe -sweating -cold hands and feet -hoarse/squeaky voice -dry mouth -cramps, butterflies, stomach noises
List typical patterns of organization used in developing a speech.
1)chronological→ timeline 2)topical→ each point is own topic (interchangeable) 3)problem-solution 4)spatial description of the layout 5)cause-effect 6)compare-contrast
What are five problems to avoid in using spoken language?
1)euphemisms→ softened expressions for harsh realties 2)cliches→ overused phrases 3)stereotyping 4)slang 5)connotations
What are common kinds of support used in preparing a speech?
1)facts 2)statistics 3)testimonies 4)narratives 5)examples
What are four different ways of delivering a speech?
1)manuscript→ read it (entire speech written out word for word) 2)memorization 3)extemporaneous→ prep ideas, but not full text 4)impromptu→ no previous preparation
What are the six steps for preparing a speech?
1)select and narrow topic 2)determine your thesis 3)analyze your audience 4)gather speech material 5)organize/arrange outline 6)practice aloud
List four characteristics of clear language.
1)short and simple words/phrases 2)use specific concrete language 3)restatement 4)remove unnecessary words
impromptu speech
a speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation
stereotyping
assigning qualities to people or objects because they are part of a general group without considering general differences
parallelism
beginning or ending of several nearby sentences with the same single word or short phrase
hyperbole
exaggeration used to emphasize a point
understatement
highlighting the significant by making it seem insignificant
extemporaneous speech
prep ideas, but not full text
simile
presents comparison between two things using like or as