Speech CH6-9 Review

What three aspects of language should you vary to keep a speech lively?

-vocabulary -sentencelength -sentence structure

What five things should influence your choice of a speech topic?

1)Is this topic of interest to me? 2)Is this topic of interest to the audience? 3)Is there adequate research available? 4)Will this topic fit into the time? 5)Is this topic timely?

How is spoken language different from written language?

1)Make it clear- different than written language 2)short and simple 3)specific words 4)concrete rather than abstract 5)restatement 6)remove unnecessary words

What should be involved in an audience analysis?

1)age 2)gender 3)economic status 4)race 5)size of the audience 6)prior knowledge 7)background

organic

relating to internal feelings (hunger, thirst, pain)

visual

relating to sight

olfactory

relating to smell

auditory

relating to sound

gustatory

relating to taste

tactile

relating to the sense of touch

metaphor

direct comparison omitting words like or as

euphamism

gentle expression for a harsh or unpleasant reality

slang

informal language that is outside the conventional or standard usage, which often comes in and goes out of style rapidly

irony

literal meaning expressed is the opposite of meaning intended

connotations

meaning attached to a word that goes beyond the dictionary meaning

cliche

overused expression that has become almost meaningless

rhetorical question

questions that are not meant be answered aloud

List some examples of symptoms of stage fright and their solutions.

-Excessive sweating (solution: ignore it) -Shaky hands (solution: use notecards) -Stumbling over words (solution: speak slowly and deliberately) -Unwillingness to look at audience (solution: look above heads, or other parts of face at first) -Cold hands and feet (solution: platform movements and gestures)

What is a thesis, and why is it important?

-Thesis is a sentence that defines the main purpose of your speech. -It is important for it to be clear because then it tells your audience right away what you are trying to say and the goal of your speech.

What can be done during a speech to combat stage fright?

-diaphragm support -direct nervous energy into expressiveness -strong mental attitude -concentrate on topic -concentrate on audience

What other factors must be considered during a speech?

-microphone -distractions/context (ex. school bell) -stand -organized notes

What is stage fright? How is it caused?

-natural occurrence -occurs from tension -when controlled, can be helpful→ when uncontrolled can be harmful -feels worse to you than it looks

What are nonverbal aspects of speaking to control before/during a speech? Why is each important?

-physical appearance→ at least lookkk confident; be a step up from audience -eye contact→ engages audience; choose people ahead of time -gestures→ help emphasize points; plan, but make sure not robotic -movements→ help with nervous energy; deliberate

What preparations can be done before a speech to control stage fright?

-practice→ preparation and timed rehearsals; use small audience; mirrors/tape/record; use similar size space -physical preparation→ well rested

How is stage fright revealed during a speech (symptoms)?

-trembling hands -stumbling over words -feeling like you can't breathe -sweating -cold hands and feet -hoarse/squeaky voice -dry mouth -cramps, butterflies, stomach noises

List typical patterns of organization used in developing a speech.

1)chronological→ timeline 2)topical→ each point is own topic (interchangeable) 3)problem-solution 4)spatial description of the layout 5)cause-effect 6)compare-contrast

What are five problems to avoid in using spoken language?

1)euphemisms→ softened expressions for harsh realties 2)cliches→ overused phrases 3)stereotyping 4)slang 5)connotations

What are common kinds of support used in preparing a speech?

1)facts 2)statistics 3)testimonies 4)narratives 5)examples

What are four different ways of delivering a speech?

1)manuscript→ read it (entire speech written out word for word) 2)memorization 3)extemporaneous→ prep ideas, but not full text 4)impromptu→ no previous preparation

What are the six steps for preparing a speech?

1)select and narrow topic 2)determine your thesis 3)analyze your audience 4)gather speech material 5)organize/arrange outline 6)practice aloud

List four characteristics of clear language.

1)short and simple words/phrases 2)use specific concrete language 3)restatement 4)remove unnecessary words

impromptu speech

a speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation

stereotyping

assigning qualities to people or objects because they are part of a general group without considering general differences

parallelism

beginning or ending of several nearby sentences with the same single word or short phrase

hyperbole

exaggeration used to emphasize a point

understatement

highlighting the significant by making it seem insignificant

extemporaneous speech

prep ideas, but not full text

simile

presents comparison between two things using like or as