Speech Quiz 3

Quoting Out of Text

Quoting a statement but distorting its meaning by changing the words and removing the statement

What are 6 tips for using statistics in your speech?

1) Quantify your ideas (give numerical precision, examples can give your problem a dramatic and important affect to your listeners) 2) Use statistics sparingly (don't put your audience asleep by constantly using numbers) 3) Identify the sources of your statistics (use reliable sources that don't manipulate the information) 4) Explain your statistics (don't speak for themselves, need to be interpreted and related to your listeners, do this when you use really large numbers that are hard to visualize, make the, meaningful) 5) Round off complicated statistics (round off more statistics, instead of 19,347.28198262839472 just say 19,000) 6) Use visual aids to clarify statistical trends (saves you time, makes statistics easier to understand, hard to digest if strung together in a few sentences)

What are seven methods you can use in the introduction to get the attention and interest of your audience?

1) Relate topic to audience 2) State importance of topic 3) startle the audience 4) Arouse the curiosity of the audience 5) Question the audience 6) begin with a quote 7) Tell a story

What are the four objectives of your speech introduction?

1) get attention/interest of the audience 2) reveal topic of speech 3) establish credibility and goodwill 4) preview body of speech

What are 6 tips for your introduction?

1) keep the intro brief 2) be on the lookout for possible introductory materials 3) be creative 4) don't worry about the exact wording 5) work out your intro in detail 6) when presenting, don't start too fast. Make sure the audience has calmed down and is listening first

What are four tips for your conclusion?

1) look out for possible concluding materials 2) conclude with a bang 3) don't talk forever -conclusion wise 4) don't leave anything to chance- work it out in detail

What are the four tips on using a testimony in your speech?

1) quote or paraphrase accurately 2) use a testimony from a qualified source(s) 3) use a testimony from an unbiased source 4) identify the people you quote or paraphrase

What are four ways to reinforce the central idea when concluding your speech?

1) summarize your speech 2) end with a quote 3) make a dramatic statement 4) refer to the intro

What four pieces of information do you need to provide when making oral citations in a speech?

1) the book, magazine, or web doc you are using 2) author or sponsor 3) author's qualifications on regards to the topic 4) date on which it was published

What are the four types of speech connectives? What role does each play in a speech?

1) transitions - indicate when a speaker is moving on from one topic to another "Now that we have a clear understanding of such and such, let's move on to..." 2) internal previews - let audience know what the speaker will take up next, more detailed than transitions, similar to a preview statement in a speech introduction (however, it's in the body of the speech instead) "In discussing blah blah blah, we'll look first at the blah blah blah" 3) internal summaries - reverse of internal previews, remind listeners of what they just heard "In short, blah blah blah. *Review facts and such here* 4) signposts - brief statements that indicate exactly where you are in your speech, usually are numbers, however, they could be questions "The first cause of blah blah blah. The second cause of blah blah blah"

What are three tips for preparing your main points?

1)Keep main points separate (clearly independent from the others) 2)Use same pattern of wording for main points (consistent pattern of wording is key, try to use "parallel writing") 3)Balance time devoted to each main point (make sure each point is equally emphasized to show importance)

Hoy many main pints will your speech usually contain? Why is it important to limit this number?

2-5 If you have too many points you might run out of time or your audience might get lost and have trouble sorting them out

Crescendo Ending

A conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity

Dissolve Ending

A conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement

Academic Database

A database that catalogues articles from scholarly journals

Preliminary Bibliography

A list compiled early in the research process of works that look as if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic

Call Number

A number used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to indicate where they can be found in the shelves

What is a preliminary bibliography? Why is it helpful to you in researching a speech?

A preliminary bibliography is a list of possible sources that you might use in your speech. It is important to make one so when you are trying to find evidence/research your topic you can look back to the sources you have listed and they can help you.

What is a preview statemet? Why should you nearly always include a preview statement in the introduction if your speech?

A preview statements is when you identify the main points in your intro that you will talking about later. You should include one because you shouldn't leave your audience guessing as to what the main points will be, they also provide a smooth transition into the body paragraphs.

Newspaper and Periodical Database

A research aid that catalogues articles from a large number of magazines, journals, and newspapers

Virtual Library

A search engine the combines Internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloguing and accessing data

Abstract

A summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author

What is a testimony? Explain the difference between an expert testimony and a peer testimony?

A testimony is a quote or paraphrase used to support a point. An example would be asking your friend what class to take and you valuing their opinion and what they have to say, ultimately choosing what they said, because you listened to their testimony. An expert testimony is a testimony done by an expert in the field/area of whatever the topic may be, while a peer testimony is done by an ordinary person with a firsthand experience of the situation

Reference Work

A work that synthesizes a large amount of related information for easy access by researchers

Research Interview

An interview conducted to gather information for a speech

Sponsoring Organization

An organization that, in the absence of a clearly identified author, is responsible for the content of a document on the Internet

Goodwill

Audiences perception of the speaker has their (the audiences) best interests in mind

What are three criteria for evaluating the soundness of research materials that you find on the Internet?

Authorship, sponsorship, and recency

What are the three stages of a research interview? What should you do in each stage to ensure a successful interview?

Before the interview: define the purpose, decide who to interview, arrange the interview, should you record it?, prepare questions During the interview: dress appropriately, be on time, repeat purpose of interview, set up recorder, keep interview on track, listen carefully, don't overstay your welcome After the interview: review notes taken ASAP, transcribe notes

What are three kinds of examples discussed in this chapter? How might you use each kind to support your ideas?

Brief Examples: illustrate a point "So and such happened in the past, but now because of advances a different outcome will occur" Extended Examples: telling a dramatic and vivid story to pull the listeners attention Hypothetical Examples: describing an imaginary situation. Create a realistic scenario, relate it to the listeners, and get them involved in the speech.

Signpost

Brief statement that indicates where you are in your speech, frequently they are numbers "the first cause..., the second cause..."

What are the five basic patterns for organizing main points in speeches? Which are appropriate for informative speeches? Persuasive sketches? Which is used most often?

Chronological Order, spatial order, causal order, problem-solution order, and topical order Informative speeches: chronological, spatial, causal, topical Persuasive speeches: causal, problem-solution, topical Topical order is used most often

What are five tips for using examples in your speeches?

Clarify your ideas, reinforce your ideas, personalize your ideas, make examples vivid, practice delivery to enhance your extended examples (stories)

Hypothetical Example

Describes an imaginary or fictitious situation

What guidelines are given in the chapter for presenting visual aids?

Display visual aids where the audience can see them, avoid passing them amongst the audience, display them only while discussing about them, explain them clearly, practice with your visual aids, check the room and equipment t

What factors should you consider when using a PowerPoint in a speech?

Don't let it dominate the presentation, don't use it to illustrate every point of your speech, don't read the speech as the words appear on the screen, too many visuals can do more harm than good, be creative and resourceful, don't let the PowerPoint overpower your speech

Internal Preview/Summary

Found in the body of the speech, does what it sounds like

Why is it important to start your speech research early?

Gives you more time, the longer you wait the more problems there will be

Preview Statement

In the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the speech

Why is it important to establish your credibility at the beginning of your speech?

It is important to do it at the beginning of the speech so that they audience can trust and believe what you say because of your knowledge on the topic

What are major functions of a speech conclusion?

Let the audience know that you are ending the speech and to reinforce the audience's understanding of the central idea

What are five resources for finding what you need in the library?

Librarians, the cantalogue, reference works, newspaper and periodical databases, and academic databases

Why is it important that speeches are organized clearly?

Listeners need to understand the main points and purpose of your speech, if they can't then you are speaking for no reason whatsoever

Catalogue

Listing of all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a library

Main Points

Major points developed in the body of a speech, usually 2-5 in a speech

What is the most important thing to remember when organizing the supporting details in the body of your speech?

Make sure that they directly relate the main point, they need to be relevant, misplaced details are confusing

What are the major advantages of using visual aids in your speeches?

Makes speeches more interesting, able to grasp it easier, retain information longer when presented visually

Supporting Materials

Materials used to support a speaker's ideas. Examples, statistics, and testimonies

Spatial Order

Method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern

Causal Order

Method of speech organization, Main points show a cause and effect order

Topical Order

Method of speech organization, main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics

Why is it so easy to lie with statistics? What three questions should you ask to judge the reliability of statistics?

Numbers can be easily manipulated and disotorted. 1) Are the statistics representative? "Ask 10 kids on behalf of the whole school population on a question, not a reliable answer" 2) Are statistical measures used correctly? "Mean, median, and mode can show different results depending on what you are looking for" 3) Are the statistics from a reliable source? "Be aware of the possible bias of different organizations"

What kinds of visual aids might you use in your speech?

Objects and models, photographs and drawings, graphs, charts, video, the speaker themselves, and power points

What guidelines are given in the chapter for preparing visual aids?

Prepare well in advance, keep visual aids simple, make sure they are large enough, use a limited amount of text, use fonts effectively, use the right colors, use images strategically

Rhetorical Question

Question the audience answers in their head rather than out loud

Testimony

Quotations or paraphrases used to support a point

What are two ways you can signal the end of your speech?

Say something like "In conclusion ..." (Using brief cues), or you can show your audience by your method of delivery (the conclusion is the climax of the speech. Crescendo ending- end with a dramatic bang that leaves the audience thinking Dissolve ending- slowly and slowly fading away

Brief Example

Specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point.

Extended Example

Story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point

What four things should you do to take research notes efficiently?

Take plenty of notes, record notes in a constituent format, make a separate entry for each note, distinguish among direct quotes, paraphrases, and your own ideas

Peer Testimony

Testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience on the topic

Why do you need supporting details in your speech?

Using supporting details is the difference between a good speech and a bad speech. Strong support proves your point and makes you a credible and more believable speaker

Why is it important to draw on your own knowledge and experience in gathering materials for your speech?

We often speak best on topics that we are familiar with. It also helps bring your speech to life