Spring Semester Final Exam Review

Which of these types of organisms use energy from sunlight to make food by photosynthesis?

Photoautotrophs

According to the food web above, which of the following accurately depicts a food chain from the food web?

Phytoplankton → sand lance → puffin

______ are the most important photoautotrophs in terrestrial ecosystems.

Plants

Which examples below are considered ecosystems?

Pond Tropical rainforest

In which biome can grass, zebras, and lions be found?

Tropical grassland

A population is a group of organisms belonging to the same species that live in the same area and interact with one another.

True

Abiotic factors are necessary for a thriving ecosystem.

True

Bacteria, protists, and fungi are found in each part of the biosphere.

True

Boreal forests have very cold winters and relatively warm summers.

True

Carbon plays an important role in the structure of all living cells.

True

Conifers have shallow roots that are ideal for the thin soil found in boreal forests.

True

Detritivores consume dead leaves and other organic debris that collects on the soil.

True

During the carbon cycle, carbon is stored in both the atmosphere and in living organisms.

True

Ecological pyramids depict the relative amount of energy available at each trophic level in an ecosystem.

True

Food chains explain how energy and matter move through ecosystems.

True

Most of the nitrogen cycle's processing occurs in the soil between organisms and not in the atmosphere.

True

Nitrifying bacteria are chemoautotrophs.

True

Nitrogen fixation is done by bacteria.

True

Nitrogen is an essential component of proteins.

True

Photoautotrophs convert the energy from sunlight into food.

True

Shrubs and reptiles are found in a chaparral biome.

True

The atmosphere is an example of an exchange pool for water.

True

The atmosphere is the layer of gas that surrounds the planet.

True

The chaparral has a temperate, semi-arid climate and poor soil quality.

True

Which of the following is/are associated with running-water biomes?

Water runs downhill Usually has plenty of dissolved oxygen and nutrients Presents a challenge to many living organisms

Which of the following is an example of a carnivore?

Wolf

Biotic factors are the living aspects of an ecosystem (e.g. animals and plants), and the nonliving aspects of an ecosystem (e.g. sunlight and water) are known as _______ _______.

Abiotic factors

If after the producer level, energy has been passed through three more levels of the food chain, the trophic level of the second to last species in the chain would be the tertiary consumer.

False

In a food web, the arrows point from one organism to the organism it eats.

False

Only 2 species at the most can have the same habitat.

False

Only 2 species at the most can share the same niche.

False

Plants absorb nitrogen gas directly through their stomata.

False

The Arctic tundra has a very high soil quality.

False

The carnivores (meat-eaters) which eat herbivores (plant-eaters) are called fifth level consumers.

False

The ecological pyramid depicts how biomass and energy increase from lower to higher trophic levels.

False

Two species can fill the same niche.

False

_________________ are important because most ecologists are focused on studying real-world habitats.

Field studies

When water condenses in clouds to then precipitate as rain, it changes state from ___ to _______.

Gas Liquid

Because increased carbon in the atmosphere traps heat in the Earth's atmosphere, it intensifies the ____________ effect.

Greenhouse

The period of time each year when it is warm and wet enough for plants to grow is known as the _______ ______.

Growing season

__________ consume only producers.

Herbivores

Which of the following are types of consumers?

Herbivores Omnivores Carnivores

Which of the following are typically omnivores?

Humans

Ecologists often use __________ statistics to estimate information about the populations of certain species.

Inferential

Which type of statistics can be used to determine the chances that a sample truly represents the population from which it was drawn?

Inferential

The decomposers break down dead organisms and other organic wastes and release _____ molecules back to the environment.

Inorganic

The major temperature zones are based on _____.

Latitude

Which of the following are examples of descriptive statistics?

Mean Range Average

What is an example of a primary consumer?

Mouse that eats seeds Deer that eats grass Squirrel that eats acorns

________ of conifers reduce water loss during the long, dry winters.

Needles

Nitrogen fixation is carried out by nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in the soil and roots of legumes, such as peas, making these bacteria an essential part of the ________ cycle.

Nitrogen

Carbon can be found in all the following EXCEPT

None of the above

What ecological issues might be investigated at the biosphere level?

Ocean pollution Air pollution Global climate change

__________ consume both producers and other consumers.

Omnivores

Rain, temperature, and other _______ factors are key features in determining the biome an ecosystem is part of.

Abiotic

The process by which water vapor changes to tiny droplets of liquid water is called _____.

Condensation

Amphibians and reptiles are abundant in the tundra.

False

Descriptive statistics are used to estimate characteristics of a population using a sample.

False

Only about ___ percent of the energy at one trophic level is available to the next level.

10

Which of the following is considered to be an organism's niche?

A bird has a short sturdy beak that allows it to crush hard, tough grains. Different species of shark have different types of teeth that can provide clues about what type of food a species of shark commonly eats.

What is expected to happen to the species that is less suited to compete for resources if the competitive exclusion principle is observed?

Adapt Die out Move from the area

Choose the factor(s) that can be used to describe a habitat.

All of the above

The climate influences _____.

All of the above

______ tundra is found at high altitudes, such as in the Alps Mountains of Switzerland.

Alpine

_______________ tundras occur in the mountains around the world at any latitude, but only above the tree line.

Alpine

What types of organisms can be a consumer?

Animals Bacteria Fungi Plants

Select the two major types of biomes:

Aquatic Terrestrial

______ tundra is found at high latitudes, whereas alpine tundra is found at high elevations.

Arctic

_____ are the organisms that produce their own organic compounds using carbon dioxide from the air.

Autotrophs

An organism at a higher trophic level is always physically larger than its food at a lower trophic level. True or False?

False

Group of similar ecosystems with similar abiotic factors and producers is called a:

Biome

The __________ consists of all the organisms on Earth and the areas in which they live.

Biosphere

The __________ is the part of Earth, including the air, land, surface rocks, and water, where life is found.

Biosphere

The Taiga and northern conifer forests are _____.

Boreal forests

The ______ _____ is the process through which carbon is recycled through living organisms, the atmosphere, and other parts of the biosphere.

Carbon cycle

What is the greatest source of carbon that enters the ocean from the atmosphere?

Carbon dioxide

A pitcher plant is an example of a(n) ______________ because it consumes insects.

Carnivores

A food web is a diagram of feeding relationships that includes multiple intersecting food _______.

Chains

How do chemoautotrophs use the energy stored in chemical compounds to make organic molecules?

Chemosynthesis

_____________ is the process by which carbon dioxide and water are converted to carbohydrates without sunlight.

Chemosynthesis

_______ regions usually have a milder climate compared to inland areas because oceans can stabilise a region's temperature.

Coastal

Certain bacteria live in the roots of legumes, such as onions.

False

Temperate __________ forests have a temperate, semi-humid climate with good soil quality.

Deciduous

________________ statistics are used to describe data.

Descriptive

Which of the following are common examples of a biome.

Desert, tundra, rainforest

Choose the examples of terrestrial biomes.

Deserts Forests

Energy flow through an ecosystem is __________.

Directional

What consists of all the living organisms in an area and the non-living aspects of the environment?

Ecosystem

The moisture of a biome is determined by both precipitation and ___________.

Evaporation

___________ occurs when water on the surface changes to water vapor (a gas).

Evaporation

A cell is the smallest unit of study in ecology.

False

A food web is also called a food recycle.

False

Which of the following would an organism's niche include?

Role in the flow of energy through the ecosystem Role in the recycling of nutrients in the ecosystem Role in interacting with other organisms

What is a group of individuals that are genetically similar and can breed to produce fertile young?

Species

Through transpiration, water is released back into the atmosphere through the plant's ________.

Stomata

_________ occurs when ice and snow change directly to water vapor.

Sublimination

What sources of energy in an ecosystem exist?

Sunlight Chemical compounds

___________ and level of moisture are the two climatic factors that most affect terrestrial biomes.

Temperature

_____ biomes include tundras, temperate forests and grasslands.

Terrestrial

_____________ biomes, such as tundra and tropical rainforest, are generally defined on the basis of climatic factors.

Terrestrial