Spring Semester Final Exam Review
Which of these types of organisms use energy from sunlight to make food by photosynthesis?
Photoautotrophs
According to the food web above, which of the following accurately depicts a food chain from the food web?
Phytoplankton → sand lance → puffin
______ are the most important photoautotrophs in terrestrial ecosystems.
Plants
Which examples below are considered ecosystems?
Pond Tropical rainforest
In which biome can grass, zebras, and lions be found?
Tropical grassland
A population is a group of organisms belonging to the same species that live in the same area and interact with one another.
True
Abiotic factors are necessary for a thriving ecosystem.
True
Bacteria, protists, and fungi are found in each part of the biosphere.
True
Boreal forests have very cold winters and relatively warm summers.
True
Carbon plays an important role in the structure of all living cells.
True
Conifers have shallow roots that are ideal for the thin soil found in boreal forests.
True
Detritivores consume dead leaves and other organic debris that collects on the soil.
True
During the carbon cycle, carbon is stored in both the atmosphere and in living organisms.
True
Ecological pyramids depict the relative amount of energy available at each trophic level in an ecosystem.
True
Food chains explain how energy and matter move through ecosystems.
True
Most of the nitrogen cycle's processing occurs in the soil between organisms and not in the atmosphere.
True
Nitrifying bacteria are chemoautotrophs.
True
Nitrogen fixation is done by bacteria.
True
Nitrogen is an essential component of proteins.
True
Photoautotrophs convert the energy from sunlight into food.
True
Shrubs and reptiles are found in a chaparral biome.
True
The atmosphere is an example of an exchange pool for water.
True
The atmosphere is the layer of gas that surrounds the planet.
True
The chaparral has a temperate, semi-arid climate and poor soil quality.
True
Which of the following is/are associated with running-water biomes?
Water runs downhill Usually has plenty of dissolved oxygen and nutrients Presents a challenge to many living organisms
Which of the following is an example of a carnivore?
Wolf
Biotic factors are the living aspects of an ecosystem (e.g. animals and plants), and the nonliving aspects of an ecosystem (e.g. sunlight and water) are known as _______ _______.
Abiotic factors
If after the producer level, energy has been passed through three more levels of the food chain, the trophic level of the second to last species in the chain would be the tertiary consumer.
False
In a food web, the arrows point from one organism to the organism it eats.
False
Only 2 species at the most can have the same habitat.
False
Only 2 species at the most can share the same niche.
False
Plants absorb nitrogen gas directly through their stomata.
False
The Arctic tundra has a very high soil quality.
False
The carnivores (meat-eaters) which eat herbivores (plant-eaters) are called fifth level consumers.
False
The ecological pyramid depicts how biomass and energy increase from lower to higher trophic levels.
False
Two species can fill the same niche.
False
_________________ are important because most ecologists are focused on studying real-world habitats.
Field studies
When water condenses in clouds to then precipitate as rain, it changes state from ___ to _______.
Gas Liquid
Because increased carbon in the atmosphere traps heat in the Earth's atmosphere, it intensifies the ____________ effect.
Greenhouse
The period of time each year when it is warm and wet enough for plants to grow is known as the _______ ______.
Growing season
__________ consume only producers.
Herbivores
Which of the following are types of consumers?
Herbivores Omnivores Carnivores
Which of the following are typically omnivores?
Humans
Ecologists often use __________ statistics to estimate information about the populations of certain species.
Inferential
Which type of statistics can be used to determine the chances that a sample truly represents the population from which it was drawn?
Inferential
The decomposers break down dead organisms and other organic wastes and release _____ molecules back to the environment.
Inorganic
The major temperature zones are based on _____.
Latitude
Which of the following are examples of descriptive statistics?
Mean Range Average
What is an example of a primary consumer?
Mouse that eats seeds Deer that eats grass Squirrel that eats acorns
________ of conifers reduce water loss during the long, dry winters.
Needles
Nitrogen fixation is carried out by nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in the soil and roots of legumes, such as peas, making these bacteria an essential part of the ________ cycle.
Nitrogen
Carbon can be found in all the following EXCEPT
None of the above
What ecological issues might be investigated at the biosphere level?
Ocean pollution Air pollution Global climate change
__________ consume both producers and other consumers.
Omnivores
Rain, temperature, and other _______ factors are key features in determining the biome an ecosystem is part of.
Abiotic
The process by which water vapor changes to tiny droplets of liquid water is called _____.
Condensation
Amphibians and reptiles are abundant in the tundra.
False
Descriptive statistics are used to estimate characteristics of a population using a sample.
False
Only about ___ percent of the energy at one trophic level is available to the next level.
10
Which of the following is considered to be an organism's niche?
A bird has a short sturdy beak that allows it to crush hard, tough grains. Different species of shark have different types of teeth that can provide clues about what type of food a species of shark commonly eats.
What is expected to happen to the species that is less suited to compete for resources if the competitive exclusion principle is observed?
Adapt Die out Move from the area
Choose the factor(s) that can be used to describe a habitat.
All of the above
The climate influences _____.
All of the above
______ tundra is found at high altitudes, such as in the Alps Mountains of Switzerland.
Alpine
_______________ tundras occur in the mountains around the world at any latitude, but only above the tree line.
Alpine
What types of organisms can be a consumer?
Animals Bacteria Fungi Plants
Select the two major types of biomes:
Aquatic Terrestrial
______ tundra is found at high latitudes, whereas alpine tundra is found at high elevations.
Arctic
_____ are the organisms that produce their own organic compounds using carbon dioxide from the air.
Autotrophs
An organism at a higher trophic level is always physically larger than its food at a lower trophic level. True or False?
False
Group of similar ecosystems with similar abiotic factors and producers is called a:
Biome
The __________ consists of all the organisms on Earth and the areas in which they live.
Biosphere
The __________ is the part of Earth, including the air, land, surface rocks, and water, where life is found.
Biosphere
The Taiga and northern conifer forests are _____.
Boreal forests
The ______ _____ is the process through which carbon is recycled through living organisms, the atmosphere, and other parts of the biosphere.
Carbon cycle
What is the greatest source of carbon that enters the ocean from the atmosphere?
Carbon dioxide
A pitcher plant is an example of a(n) ______________ because it consumes insects.
Carnivores
A food web is a diagram of feeding relationships that includes multiple intersecting food _______.
Chains
How do chemoautotrophs use the energy stored in chemical compounds to make organic molecules?
Chemosynthesis
_____________ is the process by which carbon dioxide and water are converted to carbohydrates without sunlight.
Chemosynthesis
_______ regions usually have a milder climate compared to inland areas because oceans can stabilise a region's temperature.
Coastal
Certain bacteria live in the roots of legumes, such as onions.
False
Temperate __________ forests have a temperate, semi-humid climate with good soil quality.
Deciduous
________________ statistics are used to describe data.
Descriptive
Which of the following are common examples of a biome.
Desert, tundra, rainforest
Choose the examples of terrestrial biomes.
Deserts Forests
Energy flow through an ecosystem is __________.
Directional
What consists of all the living organisms in an area and the non-living aspects of the environment?
Ecosystem
The moisture of a biome is determined by both precipitation and ___________.
Evaporation
___________ occurs when water on the surface changes to water vapor (a gas).
Evaporation
A cell is the smallest unit of study in ecology.
False
A food web is also called a food recycle.
False
Which of the following would an organism's niche include?
Role in the flow of energy through the ecosystem Role in the recycling of nutrients in the ecosystem Role in interacting with other organisms
What is a group of individuals that are genetically similar and can breed to produce fertile young?
Species
Through transpiration, water is released back into the atmosphere through the plant's ________.
Stomata
_________ occurs when ice and snow change directly to water vapor.
Sublimination
What sources of energy in an ecosystem exist?
Sunlight Chemical compounds
___________ and level of moisture are the two climatic factors that most affect terrestrial biomes.
Temperature
_____ biomes include tundras, temperate forests and grasslands.
Terrestrial
_____________ biomes, such as tundra and tropical rainforest, are generally defined on the basis of climatic factors.
Terrestrial