SS7 Chapter 6
What is the Constitutional Act of 1791?
-Divided Québec into Upper Canada and Lower Canada. -Established British civil and criminal law in Upper Canada. In Lower Canada, the act reaffirmed the arrangements under the Québec Act of 1774: British criminal law, but French civil law. -Set aside lands for Protestant churches and guaranteed the Canadiens rights to the Catholic Church. -Established officials and a legislative council appointed by Britain in each colony, and an assembly elected by the colonists. This meant Upper and Lower Canada had "representative government."
What is republican government?
A government that has no monarch and that is usually elected.
What is a genealogist?
A person who researches family trees.
What is refugee?
A person who seeks protection in another country to escape danger in their own country.
What is a revolution?
A rapid, often violent change in a system of government.
What is a republic?
A system of government that does not have a monarch (usually a democracy).
What was the American War of Independence?
After 1763, Britain was deeply in debt because of the 7 Years' War. And they were looking for ways to save money, because they wanted to keep troops stationed in the 13 Colonies, but decided to make 13 Colonies pay for troops.
What is a lineage?
Ancestry or family line.
How did Britain respond to Loyalist concerns?
Because of the Loyalist settlers around the St. John River, Britain divided Nova Scotia into several new colonies in 1784. It gave the St. John River settlers their own colony — New Brunswick — and also created the separate colonies of Cape Breton Island and St. John Island.
What did Britain do to save money?
Britain raised taxes in the colonies, but they refused to pay. They said that Britain had no authority to tax them, because Britain didn't allow colonists to elect representatives to the British parliament. They came up with a slogan saying "No taxation without representation."
Who were the Loyalists? Explain.
HANNAH INGRAHAM-came to Nova Scotia in 1783. As loyalists living in New York as one of the 13 Colonies, they lost their farm after the American War of Independence. DAVID GEORGE-began his life as a slave in the 13 Colonies. The British offered slaves "freedom and a farm" if they joined the Loyalists cause during the American War of Independence. He died in Sierra Leone in 1810. THAYENDANEGEA-Britain left its Haudenosaunee allies out of the treaty it concluded with the Americans to end the war. Thayendanegea protested. Britain offered peoples 275 000 hectares with both sides of the Grand River. Thayendanegea pressed Britain to recognize the rights of his people to the land at Grand River. He worked to ensure that the Haudenosaunee had clear legal title to the land according to British rules & laws. HANS WINGER- is a German Mennonites in the 13 Colonies, and he doesn't believe in war and he refused to take sides in the conflict between the British and the Americans. He became pastor of the 1st Mennonite community in Canada. He helped establish Mennonite settlements near what are now Waterloo and Markham, Ontario. He helped establish Mennonite settlements near what are now Waterloo and Markham, Ontario.
What is the Position of Upper Canada?
Many attackers centred on Upper Canada and the US and hoped the American Immigrants would join them, but they came there to seek land to farm. After war, Britain ordered all who supported the Americans to leave and limited further immigration from the US and FN.
What did the Loyalists want?
NOVA SCOTIA-many Loyalists who arrived in Nova Scotia joined settlements that already existed there. The British had migrated to Nova Scotia mostly form 13 Colonies after the 7 Years' War. Britain had deported the Acadians during the Great Deportation, starting in 1755. QUEBEC- In the late 1780s, British government received several petitions from Loyalist settlers in Quebec. They asked the British government to allow them to use British laws and customs in place of French laws and customs. They had a problem which is, they have to owe something to the Loyalists, who had fought with Britain against the Americans. They also wanted to secure the goodwill of the new Loyalist settlers.
What were the people called who supported the rebellion?
Patriots
What was the Loyalist Migration?
The American War of Independence pressured people in the 13 Colonies to choose sides. During and after the war, many people who supported British rule left the 13 Colonies for the British colonies of Quebec and Nova Scotia. They were refugees, escaping to territories that remained under British rule in North America.
What is the impact on First Nations (FN)?
The Loyalists were mostly farmers, and their arrival marked a shift in the reason that Britain negotiated treaties-or agreements-with FNs. Before the Loyalists, Britain negotiated treaties of "peace and friendship." After the Loyalists arrived, however, Britain negotiated treaties as a way to take over land for settlement. Most of the Loyalists ended up in Nova Scotia, which has little good farmland.
What is the impact on FN?
The Loyalists were mostly farmers, and their arrival marked as a shift in the reason that Britain negotiated treaties-or agreements-with FN's. Before the Loyalists, Britain negotiated treaties of "peace and friendship." After the Loyalists arrived, however, Britain negotiated treaties as a way to take over the land for settlement. Between 1781 and 1792, Britain concluded "land treaties" with the FN of the Niagara Peninsula.
What was the War of 1812?
The War of 1812 was a fight between the United States and British North America, but it was really part of the Napoleonic Wars in Europe. It is also a part of Napoleonic Wars of Europe (France vs. Britain and everyone else). US invaded BNA because they thought they wanted the colonists to join them. Instead, the colonists fought back.
What is the impact on the Canadiens?
The arrival of the Loyalists greatly increased the number of British people in Quebec. Before the arrival of the Loyalists, Quebec had very few British settlers. By 1790, however, British people made up about 10% of Quebec's population.
What is immigration?
The process of people establishing homes and citizenship in a country that is not their native country.
What does petition means?
To ask for something in a formal way.
What is the word "in debt" means?
To owe money
What is the Position of the Canadiens?
US thought that they would join them because they were French. They also decided not to join them because the Catholic Church opposed the idea of a republic, and they didn't support the US or the French.
What were the people called who wanted to remain united to the British empire and loyal to Britain?
United Empire Loyalists
Was the War of 1812 good for Canada or not?
YES -It united the diverse peoples of BNA for the first time. Canadiens, British Canadians and FNs fought along side one another for a common cause: to prevent an American takeover of their lands. -If the US had won the War of 1812, Canada might not exist today at all. -The treaty that ended the war established a boundary between Canada and the US that we still respect today. NO -The War of 1812 affirmed British identity in Canada, but not Canadien or FNs identities. -The end of the war meant that Britain was less worried about the threat of an American invasion, and felt it didn't need allies as much. -Britain began to ignore FN in making decisions about the future of Canada. It sought to isolate FN peoples on reserves. -Britain began to advocate assimilation for non-British peoples, including FN and the Canadiens.