Structure and Function Chapters 15, 16, & 17
With regard to a ventricular septal defect,
blood shunts from the left to the right ventricle.
Heart rate and stroke volume determine
cardiac output.
A secondary polycythemia is most often due to
chronic hypoxemia
What is located at the second rib and fifth intercostal space?
Base and apex of the heart
Which of the following is most likely to relieve an anxiety-induced tachycardia? *Vagolytic drug *Beta1-adrenergic agonist *Sympathomimetic *Beta 1-adrenergic blocker
Beta 1-adrenergic blocker
Which function is most associated with fibrinogen, prothrombin, and calcium?
Blood coagulation
Which of the following does not happen during ventricular diastole? *Blood is being pumped into the great vessels. *The semilunar valves are closed. *Blood is filling the ventricles. *Blood is flowing from the atria into the ventricles.
Blood is being pumped into the great vessels.
Which term refers to the amount of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute?
Cardiac output
Which structure connects the cusps of the AV valves to the ventricles?
Chordae tendineae
What is the cause of the heart sounds "lubb-dupp"?
Closing of the heart valves
What does prothrombin time measure?
Clotting activity of the blood
Which of the following is the best description of systole and diastole? *Atria and ventricles *Depolarization and repolarization *Contraction and relaxation *Heart rate and stroke volume
Contraction and relaxation
Which of the following is true about the left ventricular myocardium? *Pumps blood into the pulmonary artery *Contraction is caused by the sliding of actin and myosin *Receives oxygenated blood from the precordium *Contains unoxygenated blood
Contraction is caused by the sliding of actin and myosin
Cells that spontaneously depolarize from resting membrane potential to threshold potential
are called pacemaker cells
monocytes and lymphocytes
are nongranular leukocytes
The mitral and the bicuspid valves
are the same valves.
A person who is taking warfarin (Coumadin) is advised to limit the intake of spinach and broccoli because they
contain lots of vitamin K, the antidote to Coumadin therapy.
At the end of 120 days, the red blood cell
is removed from the circulation and broken down
Atropine is anticholinergic and antimuscarinic and therefore
is used to treat bradydysrhythmias such as heart block and a prolonged P-R interval.
Systole and diastole describe the function of the
myocardium.
What is most discriptive of a neutrophil?
phagocyte
In what way is the neutrophil similar to the monocyte? Both are
phagocytic.
What is related to the white blood cell?
phagocytosis
Both Semilunar Valves
prevent the backflow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary artery into the ventricles.
The correct sequence is: Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery to the
pulmonary capillaries.
A vessel(s) that carry(ies) blood from the pulmonary capillaries to the left atrium is (are) the
pulmonary veins.
The semilunar valves
receive blood from the contracting ventricles.
Bilirubin is a breakdown product of
red blood cells
Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist and is therefore used to
relieve bradycardia.
Most of the symptoms of acute left-sided heart failure are
respiratory in nature (e.g., dyspnea, orthopnea).
All of the following are electrical terms except sarcomere. depolarization. action potential. repolarization.
sarcomere.
Activation of the muscarinic receptors by acetylcholine
slows heart rate.
characteristic of an activated platelet
stickiness
Cardiac output is determined by heart rate and
stroke volume.
type of blood that is the Universal Recipient
type AB
During ventricular filling, the
ventricles are relaxed.
Activation of plasminogen
dissolves blood clots
What is another name for TPA (tissue plasminogen activator)?
"Clot buster" (thrombolytic)
Which of the following is happening during atrial systole? *The ventricles are relaxed. *The AV valves are closed. *The atria pump blood into the ventricles. *More than one of the above are true.
***More than one of the above are true. The following are true: The ventricles are relaxed. The atria pump blood into the ventricles.
Which of the following is least true of the aortic valve? *It is also called the left semilunar valve. *It "sees" oxygenated blood. *Blood flows from the ventricle through this valve into the pulmonary artery. *An incompetent aortic valve allows blood to leak from the aorta back into the left ventricle.
*Blood flows from the ventricle through this valve into the pulmonary artery.
Which of the following is most likely to increase stroke volume? *A (+) inotropic drug *A vagolytic drug *A (-) chronotropic drug *A beta1-adrenergic blocker
A (+) inotropic drug
The purpose of this structure is to delay the spread of the signal from the atrium to the ventricles.
AV node
What condition is caused by an Iron-Deficient diet?
Anemia
Type of Anemia associated with myelosuppression is
Aplastic
Which of the following supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle?
Coronary arteries
Which of the following is an electrical event? "Lubb-dupp" Actin and myosin interaction Murmur Depolarization
Depolarization
With which of the following are these words most related: electrical signal, action potential, cardiac impulse, and nerve impulse? *Tricuspid and mitral atrioventricular valves *Aortic and pulmonic semilunar valves *Depolarization and repolarization *Contraction and relaxation
Depolarization and repolarization
With which term is preload synonymous? *Cardiac reserve *End-diastolic volume *Afterload *Ejection fraction
End-diastolic volume
Under what condition is end-diastolic volume (EDV) most likely to increase while ejection fraction decreases?
Heart failure
Which of the following defines cardiac output? *Cardiac index × ejection fraction *Heart rate × stroke volume *Stroke volume × ejection fraction *Afterload × heart rate
Heart rate × stroke volume
Which anticoagulant is secreted by mast cells (basophils)?
Heparin
true of the platelet
Is derived from the megakaryocyte
Which of the following words is descriptive of a blast cell? Immature Enlarged Misshapen Excessive
Immature
What is most descriptive of a reticulocyte?
Immature Erythrocyte
Which of the following is least true of S2? *Also known as dupp *Heart sound *Indicative of a gallop rhythm *Heard at the beginning of ventricular relaxation (diastole)
Indicative of a gallop rhythm
Which of the following best describes the function of the pulmonary artery? *It carries unoxygenated blood to the right atrium. *It supplies lung tissue with oxygenated blood. *It carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. *It carries unoxygenated blood to the pulmonary capillaries, where gas exchange occurs.
It carries unoxygenated blood to the pulmonary capillaries, where gas exchange occurs.
Which of the following is part of the blood flow through the heart? *Left atrium *Left anterior descending artery *Circumflex artery *Right coronary artery
Left atrium
Into what structure does blood reflux as a consequence of an incompetent aortic semilunar valve?
Left ventricle
What is the hardest working cardiac chamber and therefore has the thickest myocardium?
Left ventricle
Which of the following mom-baby combinations is most apt to induce erythroblastosis fetalis? Mom O(+), baby O(+) Mom AB(+), baby AB(-) Mom AB(-). Baby O(-) Mom AB(-), baby O(+)
Mom AB(-), baby O(+)
Which layer of the heart has actin, myosin, and intercalated discs?
Myocardium
Which group is incorrect?
Parts of the conduction system: SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, medulla oblongata
Which of the following is the most descriptive of the physiological role of the "poly"? *Oxygen Transport *Phagocytosis *Bilirubin metabolism *Clot dissolution
Phagocytosis
Which of the following is the same as end-diastolic volume? *Stroke volume *Cardiac output *Preload *Cardiac reserve
Preload
Which of the following is responsible for the opening and closing of the heart valves? *Pressure exerted on the valves as the heart contracts and relaxes *Electrical signals arising in the SA node *The degree of oxygen concentration of blood in the ventricles *The amount of blood in the heart
Pressure exerted on the valves as the heart contracts and relaxes
With which term is afterload most associated? *Preload *End-diastolic volume *Resistance *Hypoxemia
Resistance
TPA (tissue plasminogen activator)
dissolves blood clots
Which of the following structures "sees" unoxygenated blood? Aorta Left ventricle Pulmonary artery Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary artery
Which of the following is not part of coronary circulation? *Left anterior descending artery *Circumflex artery *Pulmonary veins *Posterior descending artery
Pulmonary veins
What are the conducting fibers that rapidly spread the electrical signal throughout the ventricles?
Purkinje fibers
Which of the following is least related to the mitral valve? Left heart Bicuspid Semilunar Chordae tendineae
Semilunar
What is the valvular response to the contraction of the ventricles?
The pulmonic and aortic valves open.
What is the term that refers to an increase in stroke volume in response to the stretching of the heart?
Starling's law of the heart
What term refers to the amount of blood pumped by the ventricle in one beat?
Stroke volume
Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause erythroblastosis? The baby is Rh- and the mother is Rh-. The baby is Rh+ and the mother is Rh+. The baby is Rh+ and the mother is Rh-. The baby is Rh- and the mother is Rh-.
The baby is Rh+ and the mother is Rh-.
Which of the following is true regarding the mediastinum? *It is located within the pleural cavity. *The lungs are located within the mediastinum. *The mediastinum is located to the right of the midline of the sternum. *The mediastinum is a space between the lungs.
The lungs are located within the mediastinum.
What is not true of the heart?
The pericardium is composed of actin and myosin.
Describe the valvular response to the relaxation of the right ventricle.
The tricuspid valve opens
What is the cause of ventricular hypertrophy?
The ventricle is working too hard.
PTA and calcium generate
Thrombin
Blood flows from the right atrium through which atrioventricular valve to the right ventricle?
Tricuspid
What is the name of the valve that prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts?
Tricuspid
Which of the following is most apt to cause a (+) inotropic effect? *Activation of the alpha 1-adrenergic receptors by ACh *Activation of the muscarinic receptors by NE *Blockade of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors *Use of a beta 1-adrenergic agonist
Use of a beta 1-adrenergic agonist
Which of the following is least likely to increase cardiac output? *Increased heart rate *Increased stroke volume *Increased venous return *Vagal discharge
Vagal discharge
What must precede ventricular contraction?
Ventricular depolarization
Leukocytosis and Leukopenia are
abnormal numbers of white blood cells
A patient in heart failure is given a drug that is classified as a beta1-adrenergic agonist. The drug
activates the beta1-adrenergic receptors and causes a (+) inotropic effect.
A hematocrit of 35% (male) is most often indicative of
deficiency of RBCs as in anemia.
The antithrombin activity of a drug
delays clotting
Neutrophils and monocytes
engage in phagocytosis.
Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils are all
granulocytes
The prothrombin time is prolonged
in the presence of hypoprothrombinemia.
A drug (e.g., atropine) that blocks the effects of the vagus nerve
increases heart rate.
Sympathetic stimulation to the heart
increases heart rate.
An increased preload
increases stroke volume.
Increased return of blood to the heart stretches the heart muscle, thereby
increasing stroke volume.
component of rbc that oxygen loosely binds with
iron molecule within heme
Erythropoietin is secreted
when blood levels of oxygen decline
Which of the following is most likely to be depressed in the myelosuppressed patient? *prothrombin *albumin *white blood cells *myelin sheath
white blood cells
Hyperbilirubinemia and Kernicterus can be described by
yellowing of the skin (jaundice)