Study Guide Chapter 14 and 15

What are the id, ego, and superego?

**id - 1st and most primal; irrational and immoral; root cause of all problems in world ex. devil on shoulder **ego - balances id and superego which causes stress/anxiety; trapped in the middle ex. person **superego - our conscious; where the guilt comes from; our moral center ex. angel on shoulder

According to Freud, what is the unconscious?

According to freud, a reservoir or mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories

What is the difference between bipolar 1 disorder and bipolar 2 disorder?

Bipolar 1 must have manic episode, doesn't have to have depressive episode. Bipolar 2 must have hypomanic and depressive episode(s) cannot have manic episode

According to Freud, what might happen if there are unresolved conflicts during one of the psychosexual stages?

Could become maladaptive behaviors in adulthood

Dan was reprimanded for an accounting error by his boss in front of his coworkers. When Dan gets home from his job he yells at his wife for not having dinner ready. His wife then yells at the children for leaving their toys all over the house. This best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as:

Displacement

Ricky is constantly concerned about things at work even when he is at home. He is constantly worried about his home life even when he is at work. He has a free-floating anxiety that leaves him tense and irritable, impairs his concentration, and leaves him with many sleepless nights. Dwayne suffers from a(n):

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Jacob picks up a hammer and begins pounding on a board just as his father is hammering nails into the wall. Jacob's actions are best explained by:

Identification

Jonathan is a very good conversationalist but can only handle loud parties for a very short time. He prefers to meet his friends at a quiet wine bar and socialize there. Which personality trait best describes Jonathan?

Introversion

The _____ includes a "lie scale" that can assess the extent to which a person is "faking" to make a good impression.

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (mmpi)

Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Pukari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event. They render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Pukari is most clearly showing signs of disorder.

PTSD

Some people are more vulnerable to because they have a sensitive , which floods the body with stress hormones.

PTSD Limbic System

is to anxiety as a(n) is to a windy day.

Panic disorder: hurricane

According to Maslow we are motivated by a hierarchy of needs. What does this mean?

Physiological needs met first, then personal safety, the seek love, then self- esteem

Which defense mechanism occurs when people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others?

Projection

Bruce has been smoking since he was 15 years old. His doctor tells him that he needs to quit for his health. Bruce tells the doctor, "Look, smoking is the only bad thing I do, and besides, you have to die of something." This best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as:

Rationalization

Stacy witnessed the murder of her mother when she was in early childhood and has memories of them now as an adult. This challenges Freud's concept of:

Repression

What are defense mechanisms? What are the six defense mechanisms according to Freud?

Tactics that reduce or redirect anxiety by distorting reality. Repression, Denial, Projection, Displacement, regression, sublimation

What are psychodynamic theories? What is Freud's psychoanalysis?

Theories that view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the important of childhood experiences

Brenda does not realize that her drug use and neglect of her family is leading to the destruction of both her family and career. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Brenda is showing signs of a:

Weak ego

________ is likely to be associated with an overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine

a manic episode

What did Rogers believe that a growth-promoting social climate provides?

acceptance, genuineness and empathy

What are some biological, psychology, and social-cultural influences on personality?

biological- brain activity Psychology- learned responses Social cultural- childhood experiences

Eli has always been an extravert. There is some evidence that people like Eli seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively low. For example, extraverts:

exhibit less activity in a frontal lobe area involved in behavior inhibition

Veda is sociable, fun-loving, and affectionate. She would likely score very high on a personality test that measures.

extraverison

Dr. Burns sees his own therapist to help him be at his emotional best for his patients. He is open with his feelings and self-disclosing in his own therapy. Carl Rogers referred to this attitude as:

genuineness

What is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?

most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests, originally developed to identify emotional disorders, also asses peoples personality traits

Christina is constantly anxious, insecure, and engages in self-pitying. Which personality trait best describes Christina?

neuroticism

Maxine spends hours each day, without success, trying to suppress the intrusive worry that she may have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experiences is most symptomatic of a(n):

obsessive compulsive disorder

Genie has always had trouble with her weight. She was not breast-fed when she was an infant and seems to be overcompensating now. Which psychosexual stage is Genie fixated in?

oral

What are Freud's psychosexual stages and when do each of them occur?

oral 0-18m, Anal 18m-3yrs, Phallic 3-6 yrs, Latency 6yrs-puberty, Genital puberty- adulthood

The proper order of Freud's psychosexual stages is:

oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital

When people suffer from a_____ , they often feel intense fear that something horrible is about to happen. These feelings last minutes and include heart palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness.

panic attack

What did the big five research show?

personality develops through adolescence, traits can predict behaviors

What are projective tests? What are the two tests were discussed in class and how do they work?

personality tests, such as the Rorschach, that provides ambiguous images designed to trigger projection of ones inner dynamics. TAT/ Rorschach

Individuals with intense fears of specific objects or situations that disrupt their ability to cope are known to have:

phobias

Lower levels of are often found in the brains of people who suffer from depression.

serotonin

Geneva has an extremely clean dorm room. She keeps no clutter on her desk, she awakens very early to keep up with her schoolwork, and her car is spotless. Given your knowledge of her behavior, which of the following Big Five personality traits does she exhibit MOST?

conscientiousness

What are the "big five" personality traits? What does each of them mean?

conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraverison

What is self-transcendence?

meaning, purpose and identify beyond self

In OCD, are among the most common obsessions.

worries about dirt, germs or other forms of contamination

When a person is driven to perform repetitive behaviors in a particular sequence or pattern, he or she is said to be experiencing a(n):

compulsion

Boris is a prolific painter. However, he is also prone to periods of hopelessness and depression, which are followed by periods of mania. It is very likely that Boris is suffering from a(n):

bipolar disorder

The police brought Elaine to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling that she "has the power!" Elaine was also spending large amounts of money across town and had been rude and reckless over the last five days. In the ER, Elaine would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Elaine is most likely suffering from:

bipolar disorder

What is free association?

in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

What are personality inventories?

longer questionnaires covering a wide range of feelings and behavior- assess several traits at once

David has been having difficulties getting out of bed and is not interested in going out with friends or even answering the phone. He has let a number of bills go unpaid, is sleeping 12 to 14 hours a day, and cannot concentrate at work. He has called in sick to work at least once each week. David is most likely suffering from a(n):

major depressive disorder

When 7 year old Philip was caught pocketing a candy bar that he had not paid for, he felt ashamed and guilty. Using Freud's terminology, the sense of shame and guilt that Philip felt was a product of his:

superego

What is reciprocal determinism? Provide an example.

the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition and environment. ex rock climbing

Most of Dakota's friends look at him with respect. He is self-aware, self-accepting, and open. He is spontaneous and caring, and does not worry about other people's opinions. According to Abraham Maslow, it is likely that Dakota is motivated by:

the need for self - actualization

What is self-actualization?

the process of fulfilling our potential

What is the Oedipus complex? How does this then lead to the identification process?

the unconscious sexual desire for parent of opposite sex and exclude the parent of same sex

How do humanistic theorists view personality?

theories that view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth

According to Carl Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person is known as:

unconditional positive regard

Sigmund Freud emphasized the importance of:

unconscious processes

What is Albert Bandura's social-cognitive perspective on personality?

views behaviors as influenced by the interaction between peoples traits and their social context

Although Brandon is frequently caught stealing money and other valuables from friends as well as strangers, he does not feel guilty or remorseful about his actions. According to Freud, Brandon most clearly demonstrates a(n):

weak superego