Studying

The level of significance usually set in nursing studies is at either: a) 0.05 or 0.01 b) 0.5 or 0.1 c) 0.03 or 0.003 d) 0.005 or 0.001

a) 0.05 or 0.01

Which level of measurement has an absolute zero? a) ratio b) nominal c) ordinal d) interval

a) ratio

Which of the following can be measured using direct measures? a) Age, gender, height, and weight b) Anxiety and coping c) Opinions and feelings d) Personality and hardiness

a) Age, gender, height, and weight

Which of the following definitions best describes rigor in quantitative research? a) Amount of control and precision exerted by the methodology b) Degree of aggressiveness used in acquiring the data c) Process used to synthesize findings to form conclusions from a study d) Time frame in which the research takes place

a) Amount of control and precision exerted by the methodology

If a reviewer is asking "Is a means provided to examine all of the objectives, questions, or hypotheses and the study purpose?", what part of the study is being critiqued? a) Design b) Research objectives, questions, or hypotheses c) Research problem and purpose d) Study framework

a) Design

Developing evidence-based guidelines involves which of the following? a) Meta-analyses of a topic of interest b) Panels of experts sharing their opinions on best practices c) Rigorous experimental studies d) quasi-expiermental studies

a) Meta-analyses of a topic of interest

Statements that are taken for granted or are considered true, even though they have not been scientifically tested, are called: a) assumptions b) hypotheses c) limitations d) variables

a) assumptions

There is a greater risk of making which error with directional hypothesis? a) concluding that there is a difference between groups when there is really no difference b) Concluding that there is no difference between groups when there is an inverse relationship c) Concluding that there is no difference between groups when there really is a difference d) Rejecting the null hypothesis when the measurement error is moderate

a) concluding that there is a difference between groups when there is really no difference

A research problem is defined as a/an: a) general area of concern requiring study b) intended or desired result of a specific action c) statement that specifically indicates the study focus. d) topic of personal interest.

a) general area of concern requiring study

A nurse knows that "male" and "female" are _________ levels of measurement. a) Nominal b) ordinal c) Ratio d) Interval

a) nominal

Which of the following would identify the specific aim or goal of the study based on the identified problem? a) purpose b) assumptions c) literature review d) methodology

a) purpose

What statement is untrue regarding the atrocious medical activities of the Third Reich in Europe during the late 1930s and early 1940s? a)Although terrible, at least some valuable medical information made up for the misconduct. b) Researchers did not follow standard methodology for scientific study. c) Subjects in the experiments would be considered a vulnerable population. d)The medical experiments were conducted on a biased sample.

a)Although terrible, at least some valuable medical information made up for the misconduct.

If a reviewer is asking "Is the problem significant and relevant to nursing?", what part of the study is being critiqued? a) Literature review b) Research objectives, questions, or hypotheses c) Research problem and purpose d) Study framework

b) Research objectives, questions, or hypotheses

A researcher reports that results of a study were not statistically significant. How is this to be interpreted? a) Intervention was not strong enough to make a difference. b) Researcher does not have enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. c) Researcher's logic or conceptualization in setting up the study was faulty d) Topic is of no further interest to nurse researchers or clinicians

b) Researcher does not have enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.

A nurse who reads research articles and incorporates research findings into nursing practice would demonstrate which of the following research roles? a) collaborator b) consumer c) primary investigator d) producer

b) consumer

The purpose of phenomenological research is to: a) examine events of the past b) describe experiences as they are lived c) observe and document interactions within a culture d) study phenomena that contribute to theory development

b) describe experiences as they are lived

What is the dependent variable in the following hypothesis: teenagers who have a high self-concept will be less likely to diet than those with a low self-concept? a) age of subject b) dieting status c) self-concept d) teenager

b) dieting status

A nurse sees a survey that has the following scale and knows that this is what level of measurment: __Highly likely __Likely __N/A __Unlikely __Very Unlikely a) nominal b) ordinal c) interval d) ratio

b) ordinal

A study was conducted to determine which palliative care measures patients prefer. Statistical analysis revealed that most of them ranked evening back rubs and calming music the highest in helpfulness. This research would most likely fall under which of the following categories? a) qualitative research b) quantitative research c) outcomes research d) there is no enough information to answer the question

b) quantitative research

A researcher collecting ethnic data assigns the following numerical labels: 1) equals Caucasian 2) equals African American 3) equals Mexican American 4) equals Asian This is an example of which type of data? a)interval b)nominal c)ordinal d)ratio

b)nominal

Which of the following questions relates to generalization? a) Are the findings generally significant to people in the study? b) Does the degree of control in the study allow for statistical significance? c) Can these findings be applied to other groups or settings? d) How many alternative explanations or rival hypotheses can be proposed?

c) Can these findings be applied to other groups or settings?

In developing an EBP, who should the nurse include in any plans to implement a new guidance? a) CEO of the facility because support from the top is always needed for change to be successful b) Patients because they must live with the treatment c) Physicians who may admit patients to the unit where the new practice will be instituted d) researchers who provide the evidence

c) Physicians who may admit patients to the unit where the new practice will be instituted

The purpose of an institutional review board (IRB) is to a)critique the research methods of a study. b) design and develop research studies. c) determine the extent to which human rights will be protected in a study. d) review the costs associated with an institutional study.

c) determine the extent to which human rights will be protected in a study.

The primary purpose of nursing research is to: a) bring prestige to the discipline. b) fund nursing education. c) generate scientific knowledge to guide nursing practice. d) promote the importance of nursing in society.

c) generate scientific knowledge to guide nursing practice.

A statistically significant findings means that: a) findings are clinically important and valuable. b) interventions should be used in clinical practice. c) obtained results are not likely to have been due to chance d) results will be the same if the study is repeated with another sample.

c) obtained results are not likely to have been due to chance

An indirect measure would be used to measure which of the following? a) heart rate b) oxygen saturation c) spiritual perspective d) temperature

c) spiritual perspective

Data collection in many types of qualitative studies is considered complete when: a) more than 15 subjects have provided information. b) the researcher cannot find any additional potential subjects who fit the criteria for the study. c) the researcher reaches a point of where no new information is collected and theoretical ideas seem complete; also known as data saturation. d) the researcher runs out of time or resources

c) the researcher reaches a point of where no new information is collected and theoretical ideas seem complete; also known as data saturation.

If a reviewer is asking "Is a means provided to examine all of the objectives, questions, or hypotheses and the study purpose?", what part of the study is being critiqued? a) Research objectives, questions, or hypotheses b) Study framework c) Research problem and purpose d) Design

d) Design

Which of the following is a necessary component of experimental design? a) Attrition b) Comparison of naturally occurring groups c) Convenience sample d) Manipulation of the independent variable

d) Manipulation of the independent variable

The first internationally recognized effort to establish ethical standards was the: a) Belmont Report from NIH. b) Declaration of Helsinki. c) Institutional review board code. d) Nuremberg Code.

d) Nuremberg Code.

In a study of liver transplant recipients, the researcher specifies that the subjects must be 18 years of age or older and the recipient of only one liver transplant. These criteria are an example of: a) demographic attributes. b) exclusion criteria. c) extraneous variables. d) inclusion criteria

d) inclusion criteria

The best measure of successful EBP is: a) acceptance of the practice to the point of being included in the policy manual b) agreement of the health care team, which leads to consistent care for the patient. c) dissemination of the practice in nursing journals d) positive outcomes increasing.

d) positive outcomes increasing.

Nurses in a hypertension clinic have found that many patients do not comply with their treatment regimen. They designed an intervention based on Bandura's social cognitive theory and wanted to study the effect of this intervention in a convenience sample. Which of the following designs would be best suited? a) correlational b) descriptive c) exploratory d) quasi-experimental

d) quasi-experimental

Sampling in research may be defined as: a) identification of the population in which the researcher is interested. b) insurance that each person has a chance of being included in the study. c) establishment of criteria for eligibility to participate in a study. d) selection of a subset of a population to represent the whole population.

d) selection of a subset of a population to represent the whole population.

If a researcher unobtrusively observes interactions among patients in a psychiatric hospital for the purposes of data collection, which human right may be violated? a) justice b) freedom fro self-harm c) confidentiality d) self-determination

d) self-determination