Sudan and South Sudan Conflict
what ended the first Sudanese civil war
(1972) Addis Ababa promised political autonomy for the south
what ended southern autonomy and led to a new surge of civil violence
(1979) discovery of oil in South Sudan, implementation of Islamic Sharia law
what started the formation of two distinctly separate regions in sudan (the north and the south)
(during colonization) british modernized northern sudan and neglected the south
year that South Sudan became independent
2011
why is South Sudan's economy still dependent on sudan
South Sudan is landlocked and must rely on Sudan's pipelines and ports to export oil
what does SPLMA stand for
Sudan People's liberation movement/ army
what agreement ended a civil war and allowed for a referendum and the eventual independence of south sudan
Comprehensive Peace Agreement
Southerners
Mainly from black African ethnic backgrounds Significant followers of Christianity and indigenous (native) beliefs Have been oppressed
Northern Sudan
May have Arab Backgrounds Mostly Muslim Have had more power and controlled the government
what started the South Sudan crisis
President Salva Kiir (dinka) accused Vice President Riek Macher (Nuer) of planning a coup (the two largest ethnic groups turned against each other)
Sudan Civil War
The first civil war, from 1955 to 1972, was between the Sudanese government and southern rebels who demanded greater autonomy for southern Sudan. The war ended with the 1972 Addis Ababa Agreement, which granted significant regional autonomy to southern Sudan on internal issues The second civil war erupted in 1983 due to longstanding issues heightened by then President Jaafar Nimeiri's decision to introduce Sharia law.
Lost Boys
Well known group of young refugees from the late 1980's / early 1990's Forced to leave their homes when government forces invaded
why did black muslim rebel groups take up arms against the government in khartoum
black muslims were being treated as second class citizens by Arab muslims
what tensions between Sudan and South Sudan still remain today
border disputes, oil
what led to a north-south peace process in the 2000s
global suspicion that Sudan was supporting terrorism
how did the government in khartoum respond to the uprising of black muslim rebels in darfur
government armed nomadic forces (janjaweed) to fight the non-arab population of darfur
where does most of South Sudans income come from
oil
where is the fighting of the south sudan crisis most intense
regions with oil fields
what did SPLMA fight for
secular (non-religious) but unified government
why is a definite border between Sudan ad South Sudan so important
the border will decide who has control of oil