Sudan and South Sudan Conflict

what ended the first Sudanese civil war

(1972) Addis Ababa promised political autonomy for the south

what ended southern autonomy and led to a new surge of civil violence

(1979) discovery of oil in South Sudan, implementation of Islamic Sharia law

what started the formation of two distinctly separate regions in sudan (the north and the south)

(during colonization) british modernized northern sudan and neglected the south

year that South Sudan became independent

2011

why is South Sudan's economy still dependent on sudan

South Sudan is landlocked and must rely on Sudan's pipelines and ports to export oil

what does SPLMA stand for

Sudan People's liberation movement/ army

what agreement ended a civil war and allowed for a referendum and the eventual independence of south sudan

Comprehensive Peace Agreement

Southerners

Mainly from black African ethnic backgrounds Significant followers of Christianity and indigenous (native) beliefs Have been oppressed

Northern Sudan

May have Arab Backgrounds Mostly Muslim Have had more power and controlled the government

what started the South Sudan crisis

President Salva Kiir (dinka) accused Vice President Riek Macher (Nuer) of planning a coup (the two largest ethnic groups turned against each other)

Sudan Civil War

The first civil war, from 1955 to 1972, was between the Sudanese government and southern rebels who demanded greater autonomy for southern Sudan. The war ended with the 1972 Addis Ababa Agreement, which granted significant regional autonomy to southern Sudan on internal issues The second civil war erupted in 1983 due to longstanding issues heightened by then President Jaafar Nimeiri's decision to introduce Sharia law.

Lost Boys

Well known group of young refugees from the late 1980's / early 1990's Forced to leave their homes when government forces invaded

why did black muslim rebel groups take up arms against the government in khartoum

black muslims were being treated as second class citizens by Arab muslims

what tensions between Sudan and South Sudan still remain today

border disputes, oil

what led to a north-south peace process in the 2000s

global suspicion that Sudan was supporting terrorism

how did the government in khartoum respond to the uprising of black muslim rebels in darfur

government armed nomadic forces (janjaweed) to fight the non-arab population of darfur

where does most of South Sudans income come from

oil

where is the fighting of the south sudan crisis most intense

regions with oil fields

what did SPLMA fight for

secular (non-religious) but unified government

why is a definite border between Sudan ad South Sudan so important

the border will decide who has control of oil