Sugar: The simplest of Carbohydrates
What are carbs composed of ?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Hydrolysis
Disaccharides and other large molecules undergo a process when they are divided into smaller parts by adding water
Glycogen
The body sores carbohydrates as multi branched chains of glucose
Diabetes Mellitus
The body's inability to move glucose from the bloodstream to the cells is a disease
Lactose
The sugar found in milk is a disaccharide composed of one glucose and one galactose molecule
What happens when food contains single sugars?
They absorb rapidly into the bloodstream
Ex: Sucrose
table sugar
Glucose
the basic energy source of humans is a monosaccharide that is the most abundant of the sugars
What does photosynthesis require?
Carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll and sunlight
Insulin
Hormone which is produced by the pancreas, allows glucose to move into the cells where it can be used for energy
What is chlorophyll?
Is a green pigment found only in plants
Fructose
Is a monosaccharide that is found widely in fruits and honey
Alcohol
Is an organic compound that contains at least one -OH group
Saccharide
Is the name given in organic chemistry to all carbohydrates that are classified as sugars
Caramelization
Subjecting sugar to high or prolonged heat changes the sugar into a brown liquid through a process
Sugars
the simple carb
Candy thermometer
to determine accurate temperatures
Heavy saucepan
will help prevent scorching
Microwave
works well for making both types of candy
What do plants convert to in photosynthesis
Radiant energy to Chemical energy
Sucrose
A disaccharide that contains one glucose and one fructose molecule
Invert sugar
A mixture of glucose and fructose that results for the hydrolysis of sucrose
Monosaccharides
A simple sugar molecule that cannot be broken down into a smaller molecule without changing its basic nature
Carbohydrates
Have the basic structure Cx(H₂O)y
Disaccharide
Two monosaccharides joined together
photosynthesis
a process through which plants convert energy from the sun into glucose
Interfering agent
a substance used in candy making to prevent or slow crystal growth
Hydroxyl Group
an oxygen and hydrogen atom bonded together, which is represented by the chemical formula -OH
Starches and Fibers
complex carb
Ex: Lactose
found in dairy products
Galactose
found only in animals and humans and is one of the basic sugars found in milk
Maltose
grain products, malt sugar, it is the least sweet
