Sugar: The simplest of Carbohydrates

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What are carbs composed of ?

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

Hydrolysis

Disaccharides and other large molecules undergo a process when they are divided into smaller parts by adding water

Glycogen

The body sores carbohydrates as multi branched chains of glucose

Diabetes Mellitus

The body's inability to move glucose from the bloodstream to the cells is a disease

Lactose

The sugar found in milk is a disaccharide composed of one glucose and one galactose molecule

What happens when food contains single sugars?

They absorb rapidly into the bloodstream

Ex: Sucrose

table sugar

Glucose

the basic energy source of humans is a monosaccharide that is the most abundant of the sugars

What does photosynthesis require?

Carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll and sunlight

Insulin

Hormone which is produced by the pancreas, allows glucose to move into the cells where it can be used for energy

What is chlorophyll?

Is a green pigment found only in plants

Fructose

Is a monosaccharide that is found widely in fruits and honey

Alcohol

Is an organic compound that contains at least one -OH group

Saccharide

Is the name given in organic chemistry to all carbohydrates that are classified as sugars

Caramelization

Subjecting sugar to high or prolonged heat changes the sugar into a brown liquid through a process

Sugars

the simple carb

Candy thermometer

to determine accurate temperatures

Heavy saucepan

will help prevent scorching

Microwave

works well for making both types of candy

What do plants convert to in photosynthesis

Radiant energy to Chemical energy

Sucrose

A disaccharide that contains one glucose and one fructose molecule

Invert sugar

A mixture of glucose and fructose that results for the hydrolysis of sucrose

Monosaccharides

A simple sugar molecule that cannot be broken down into a smaller molecule without changing its basic nature

Carbohydrates

Have the basic structure Cx(H₂O)y

Disaccharide

Two monosaccharides joined together

photosynthesis

a process through which plants convert energy from the sun into glucose

Interfering agent

a substance used in candy making to prevent or slow crystal growth

Hydroxyl Group

an oxygen and hydrogen atom bonded together, which is represented by the chemical formula -OH

Starches and Fibers

complex carb

Ex: Lactose

found in dairy products

Galactose

found only in animals and humans and is one of the basic sugars found in milk

Maltose

grain products, malt sugar, it is the least sweet


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