SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION

Hieroglyphics

Believed that this writing was provided by their Gods. language that tells the modern world of the history and culture of the ancient Egyptians. An ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds. Language that tells the modern world of the history and culture of the Ancient Egyptian

Babylonian civilization

Mesopotamian empire with a centralized bureocracy and law code centered its capital in Babylon.

Silk

a valuable cloth, originally made only in China from threads spun by caterpillars called silkworms Technology to harvest the silk and process it to produce paper and clothing it bridge the gap between the western world and the middle kingdom

Great Ziggurat of Ur

"Mountain of God" served as the sacred place of their chief God where only priest are allowed to enter

Chinese Civilization

Cinsidered to be the oldest Civilization in Asia, known as Middle kingdom, located on the far east of Asia. Famous among other civilization because of its silk trade

Roman Civilization

Civilization that arose around Rome, absorbed Greek learning, and ruled much of Western Europe and the Mediterranean world; known for its engineering skills, laws, and Christianity. Strongest political ang social entity in the west. Considered be the cradle of politics and governance during that period

Ink

combining soot with different chemicals, used to record history,culture and codified laws It must be tamper proof so that people could not simply tinker with those written down

Gunpowder

one of the most interesting inventions in China. Developed by Chinese Alchimist who aimed to achieve immortality. mixed with charcoal, sulfur, and potassium nitrate and accidentaly invented black powder that generate large amount of heat and gas In later centuries it was used to make explosives and grenades and to propel cannonballs, shot, and bullets.

Roads

to facilitate faster and easier travel, with this the flow of traffic become faster and more organized. Used: Sun baked bricks, later poured with bitumen a black sticky substance to apshalt

Tea Production

A Chinese invention, a beverage produced by pouring hot or boiling water over crushed or shredded dried tea leaves First product was drunk by a Chines Emperor

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

An artificial mountain covered with trees and plants, built by Nebuchadnezzar ll for his wife Queen Amytis The gardens are one of the Seven Wonders of the world. Said to be structure made up of layers upon layers contained several species of plants, trees and vines. they think that it just an imagination because it lacked of archipelago evidences and documentation

Wig

At present, used to enhance the appearance of people who are balding. In ancient egyptian times it Worn for health and wellness rather than aestetic purposes Used to protect the shaved heads of the wealthy Egyptians from the harmful rays of the sun.

The Plow

Farm Technology invented by the Mesopotamians. A technology that would be able to dig the ground where seeds would be planted. Invented to dig the earth in the fastest pace.

City of Uruk or Uruk City

Great wonder; considered to be the first true city in the world but also for the way it was erected build the city using only mud or clay from the River which mix with reeds producing sun baked bricks used it to protect them from the harsh weather and to build a wall around the city and prevent wild animals

Great Wall of China

Man made structure that could be seen from outer space, said to be the largest and most extensive infrastructure. Constructed to keep out foreign invaders and control the bordees of China. Made with STONE, BRICK, WOOD, EARTH and Other materials. world's longest man made structure built to keep invaders from the north out of China, started by the Qin Dynasty, expanded by the Han Dynasty,

Cuneiform

One of the major contributions of the Sumerians is the development of the FIRST WRITING SYSTEM know as ________.

Water Mill

One of the most important contributions of Greek Civilization because it is used in agricultural processes like milling of grains that is necessary form of food processing Production of Rice, cereals, flours become common

Roman Numerals

Romans devised their own number system specifically to adress the need for standard counting method that would meet their increasing communication and trade concerns. the numerical system in which symbols (letters) are used to represent Arabic numbers

Mesopotamia

Sumeria is located on the southernmost tip of ancient .....

Paper or Papyrus

a plant that grew abundantly along Nile River. Lighter and thinner to clay tablets, easy to carry and store Able to process the plant in order to produce thin sheets on which one could write down things. It also less breakable

Greek Civilization

an archipelago in the southeastern part of Europe. Know as the " birthplace of western philosophy" Ancient Greek city-states, especially Athens, made major contributions to art, architecture, philosophy, literature, drama, and history. Contributed much to the world especially in the fields of on science and technology

Clepsydra / Water Clock

an instrument designed to measure time by the flow of a quantity of water. utilize the gravity that affects the flow of water from one vessel to the other widely used as a timekeeping device during ancient times

Sumerians

are known for their high degree cooperation with one another and their desire for great things

Egyptian Civilization

emerged in northern Africa along the Nile River by about 3000 B.C.E. It benefited from trade and influences from Mesopotamia, but it also produced its own distinct social structures and cultural expressions. Unlike Mesopotamia, this civilization featured very durable and centralized institutions. Mathematical achievements and impressive architectural structures also characterized.

Cosmetics

for both health and aesthetics reasons. Egyptin used Kohl around the eyes to prevent and cure eye diseases. It was created with by mixing soot or malachite with mniral galema Wearing makeup was believed that they are protected from evil and the beauty was sign of holiness.

newspaper

knowm as gazettes contained announcement of Roman Empire to the people. engraved in metal or stone tablets and publically displayed.

Egyptian Civilization

located in North Africa. Contributed other practical things that the world now considers as essential.

Wheel

not made for transportation but for farm work and food processes. Farmers able to mill grains with less effort in less time

Alarm clock

one of the most utilize gadgets today. To tell an individual when to stop and when to start. Made use of water that drop into drums which sounded the alarm First used by Plato to signal the start for his lecture. Used water vessel lined up vertically

Roman Architecture

one of the most visual contribution of the Ancient Empire. Continuation of Greek architecture. Regarded as pioneering since the Romans were able to adapt new building and engineering techonolgy on architectural design Were able to implement major projects such as large churches (cathedrals and basilica), adequets, coliseums, amphitheaters and even the residential houses

Irrigation and Dikes

one of the worlds beneficial engineering works To bring water to farmlands and at the same time control the flooding if the rivers

bound books or codex

papyrus pages bound together and covered by animal skin. Record keeping was much easier since paper did not easily break , was lightweight and did not occupy space

Julius Caesar

started the tradition of stacking up papyrus to form pages of a book. The earlier covers were made of wax but later on it replaced with the animals skin that proved to be stronger and longlasting

Cuneiform writing

system that utilize word pictures and triangular symbols which are carved on clay using wedge instruments and then left to dry. allowed the Sumerians to keep records of things with great historical value

Sailboats

used to carry large quantities of products and were able to cover large distances were essential in transportation and trading as well as in fostering culture, information and technology

BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION

was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in central-southern Mesopotamia. A small Amorite-ruled state emerged in 1894 BC, which contained at this time the minor city of Babylon Emerged near TIGRIS and EUPHRATES RIVERS. Were great builders, engineers, architects.