Test 3
Which of the following statements best characterizes the relationship between education, income and voting?
Americans with higher levels of income and education tend to vote more often as Americans with lower levels of income and education
The term "pork barrel" refers to
Appropriations made my legislative bodies for local projects that are often not needed but are created so that local representatives can win re-election in their home districts.
The president's delegated powers come from
Constitution
Fixed terms of office, especially long ones like the 14-year terms for the members of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, tend to
Diminish president control
The office of the presidency was established by Article ________ of the Constitution.
II
The Hispanic vote was once referred to as "the sleeping giant" because
Latinos vote at low rates relative to the group's size in the population.
Who confirms members of the Cabinet and to whom are they accountable?
Members must be approved by the Senate to win confirmation, but after this they are not directly accountable to Congress.
which statement about White Americans participation in the 2020 presidential election is accurate?
Most white Americans support Republican candidates
Primary elections were introduced by
Progressive reformers at the start of the 1900s
When Congress placed the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) - the agency in charge of airport security- in the Department of Homeland Security rather than the Department of Transportation, Congress
Signaled domestic security concerns were to be a more central aspect of TSA's mission that facilitating transportation.
A U.S. senator has a ________-year term. While a U.S Representative has a ________ year term.
Six; Two
Which of the following is least likely to be a downside of using political appointments to enhance presidential control?
Sometimes appointed officials provide new energy and responsiveness to an agency
The states in which regions gained seats during the most recent apportionment?
South and West
Which of the following best describes federal contractors?
The number of federal contractors exceeds the number of federal employees.
Why does the president give the State of the Union address?
The state of the union address is mandated by the Constitution
Which statement about trends in popularity levels among presidential administrations is accurate?
There is no consistent trend; the differences between administrations does not reveal any particular pattern
The president's group of advisers and analysts is collectively called the
White House Staff
During the early periods of American history, suffrage was generally restricted to
White males over the age of 21.
One of the major tools of bureaucratic control presidents possess is the
appointment power over political appointees atop the career civil service.
The process of allocating congressional seats among the 50 states is called
apportionment
Presidential elections are held in the United States on the first Tuesday of November __________ year(s)
every four
To get around the need for Senate approval of treaties, many contemporary presidents have made use of ____________ in foreign affairs.
executive agreements
One of the main resources and distinguishing characteristics of the federal bureaucracy is
expertise
When the president grants a pardon to someone convicted of a federal crime, this is an example of using one of their _____________ powers.
expressed
___________ powers are specifically established by the language of the Constitution.
expressed
The power to receive ambassadors is an example of
expressed power
The powers of the president that are most clearly spelled out in the Constitution are ____________ powers. On the other hand, ____________ powers are not listed in the Constitution at all, and in fact derive their legitimacy from Congress, who have given those particular powers to the president over time.
expressed; delegated
Suppose more and more states wish to increase their political influence by holding their nominating processes earlier and earlier. This causes the process for nominating the president to become
front-loaded
As a safeguard against political interference, merit system employees
have legal protection against being fired without show of cause.
What caused protests against racial injustice in 2020?
killings of multiple African Americans by police or while in police custody
which of the following characteristics is Congress least likely to give an agency in order to increase its independence from politics.
location in an executive department
Presidents often use Cabinet secretary nominations to
make political statements or to send messages about their style of management
A ____________ committee remains in existence from one session of Congress to the next, and has the power to write legislation that covers a particular subject, in most cases paralleling a major department or agency of the executive branch.
stand
The growth of the Latino population in the United States is significant because
states with sizeable Latino populations could gain seats in Congress.
_____________ bureaucrats regularly interact with the public.
street level
Race became a major factor in drawing congressional district lines as a result of
the 1982 amendments to the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
A major risk of the delegate model of representation is that
the voices of only a few active and informed constituents will be heard because most people do not pay close attention to every issue.
A subcommittee is helpful for members of Congress because
they specialize in the committee's work.
Before the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883, government appointments were made
to political supporters as part of a spoils system
The mission of the National Performance Review was to
to reorganize the federal bureaucracy to make it more efficient, more accountable, and less wasteful
The idea that all executive power inheres in the president except as explicitly limited by the Constitution is called the _______________ executive theory.
unitary
What is the most common and important political act for most Americans?
voting
Under the constitution, senators
were appointed by state legislatures
Who was the most real power in the Senate?
The majority and minority leaders
Who decides which committee assignments members of the House of Representatives receive?
each party's House leadership
There are __________ federal government departments and each is led by a _____________ who is a member of the president's cabinet.
15, secretary
The number of seats in the House of Representatives has been fixed at _____________ since ___________.
435; 1929
A poll tax is
A now-unconstitutional fee charged to vote, used to restrict voting rights
Of the following , which is the most important factor in bureaucracies' ability to implement laws effectively?
Administrative Capacity
Which of the following is least likely to be a reason Congress would delegate policymaking authority to the bureaucracy?
Agencies can make policy decisions that are different than what Congress wants.
The main political value of the vice president is to
Bring the president votes in the election that he or she might otherwise not win
When helping a constituent apply for Social Security benefits, Representatives Ro Khanna's (D-Calif) staff is engaging in
Casework
One difference between a veto and a pocket veto is that
Congress can override a regular veto but cannot override a pocket veto.
_____________ is responsible for making laws, but ___________ is responsible for putting laws into effect.
Congress; bureaucracy
Because updating legislation can take many years
Congressional delegation to the bureaucracy can be an attractive option
How do the different constituencies represented by U.S representatives and senators shape how these members perform their duties?
Due to a small, more uniform constituency ad frequent elections, representatives are often more attuned to narrower, local interests, while senators, with their statewide, diverse consistency are a bit more insulated and must balance competing influences.
an emergency declaration relating to foreign treats allow the president to
Embargo trade, seize foreign assets, and prohibits transactions with whatever foreign nations are involved
Three components of presidents' "administrative strategy" have been enhancing the power of the______________, increasing White House control over the federal__________, and expanding the role of ___________ and other instruments a direct presidential governance
Executive Office of the President; bureaucracy; executive orders.
When President Obama prohibited federal agencies and contractors from discriminating against transgender employees, he made use of which of the following tools to do so?
Executive order
In the 1970s, President Richard Nixon claimed _________ when he refused to turn over secret White House tapes to congressional investigators
Executive privilege
The president's power to "grant reprieves and pardons' is an example of a(n) ___________ power.
Expressed
What is the most important factor in predicting whether an individual votes?
education level
In 2016, constituents notified Congress of a sudden 500 percent price hike in EpiPens. In response, the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee launched an inquiry and held hearings on the issue. The committee's response was an _____________ oversight.
Fire Alarm
Why do incumbents generally have a significant advantage over their challengers?
Incumbents have name recognition, a record of service they can advertise to voters, and usually are better at raising campaign donations.
Which of the following best describes the Executive Office of the President (EOP)
Individuals who work in the EOP are very often political appointees
When president Truman seized the nation's steel mills during the Korean War, he based his actions on his interpretation of the president's ___________powers
Inherent
Which of these terms is the best definition of a violent attack on government?
Insurrection
What is the role of the Office of Management and Budget?
It assists with overseeing regulatory proposals and preparing the national budget.
Which of the following describes the effects of the 1965 Voting Rights Act?
It empowered the federal government to reform election laws that prevented participation, especially by Black Americans in politics
What is a government corporation?
It is an agency that performs and charges for services usually provided by the private sector.
Which of the following statements best describes the representation of women and people of color in the U.S Congress?
Representation of women and people of color has increased during the past two decades but is not comparable to their proportions in the general population
_____________ is when federal agencies develop policies or procedures that implement laws and look like statues.
Rulemaking
What is one reason that political parties and politicians view Latinos as a critically important group?
The Latino population in the United States is large and rapidly growing.
Which of the following statements about primary elections is most accurate?
The United States is one of the few nations in the world to hold primary elections.
Which of the following constitutional provisions provides the least legal basis for federal bureaucracy?
The ability of the president to "require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices
What is the gender gap?
The difference in support for Republicans and Democrats among women and men.
What is the main point of a political protest?
To bring attention to an issue and confront a government or other official organizations.
The president may have goals associated with both management and control in performing his constitutional duty
To see that the laws are faithfully executed
What was notable about the 2018 midterm elections?
Turnout was up significantly and was more akin to turnout in presidential elections.
Which amendment to the Constitution lowered the voting age from 21 to 18
Twenty-Sixth Amendment
__________________ is the largest employer in the country and the largest purchaser of goods and services in the world.
US federal government
Which of the following statements about the presidential veto is most accurate?
Use of the veto varies considerably across presidential administrations, and vetoes are seldom overridden.
What impact did the civil rights movement have on rates of voter participation by Black Americans?
Voter participation went up
Who among the following potential voters is the most likely to vote?
a 29-year-old registered voter who rarely moves
The _______________ is the informal designation for the heads of the major federal government departments.
cabinet
The Senior Executive Service provides an opportunity for
career civil servants and sometimes individuals from outside of the government to pursue managerial positions in the bureaucracy.
The House Rules Committee is important because it
decides the order in which bills come up for a vote on the House floor and determines the specific rules that govern the length of debate and opportunity for amendments.
If legislative body were composed of 15 percent Latinos and 70 percent males in a state whose residents are 35 percent Latino and 50 percent male, the legislative body could be said to lack ____________ representation
descriptive
executive agreements are a part of a president's ___________ powers.
diplomatic
Privatization is a way to
downsize government in that the workers provide good and services are no longer counted as government bureaucracy.
When was the Twenty-Sixth Amendment ratified?
during the Vietnam War
A senator or representative running for re-election is called the ________.
incumbent
The number of vetoes issued by a president each year
is typically higher when Congress is controlled by the opposite party.
When Senator Robert Byrd steered brought federal money to build highways, dams, and government facilities to his state of West Virginia, he was doing which of the following?
pork barreling
When Dwight Eisenhower sent federal troops into Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957, it demonstrated that the
president may make unilateral use of the emergency powers to protect states against domestic disorder.
While the Constitution does not specify that presidents have the power to remove those they appointed to office from their positions,
presidents have long claimed that the power is implied by those expressed powers they have in the Constitution.
The delegate model of representation requires that
representatives remain in constant touch with constituents and that constituents follow each policy issue very closely.
Which of the following groups typically has the highest level of political participation?
senior citizens (65 and older)
Which three factors related to the American electoral system affect who is elected to office in this country and what they do once they get there?
who decides to run for office, incumbency, and the drawing of district lines
Suppose you were hired to work on the campaign of a 2022 congressional candidate. Your job was to reach out to the group of people most likely to vote. Which group should you target first?
women