TEST # 3

Which one of the following taxa is not part of the grouping of clades called the Platyzoa? A. Platyhelminthes B. Annelida C. Rotifera D. Gastrotrica E. Micrognathozoa

Annelida

Select the following phylum that includes protostome animals that are segmented, bilaterally symmetric, and have a chitinous exoskeleton. A. Arthropoda B. Annelida C. Mollusca D. Brachiopoda E. Platyhelminthes

Anthropoda

Segmentation is the subdivision of the body into segments or metameres. True segmentation is found in which of the following phyla selections? A. Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda B. Echinodermata, Platyhelminthes, Cnidaria C. Mollusca, Chordata, Annelida D. Arthropoda, Chordata, Porifera E. Arthropoda, Annelida, Chordata

Arthropoda, Annelida, Chordata

Which of the following nematode parasites lives in the lymphatic system of humans where they may cause obstruction resulting in severe swelling called elephantiasis. A. Ascaris B. Trichinella C. Necator D. Filaria E. Enterobius

Filaria

he most primitive bilaterally symmetrical and the simplest acoelomatic animals in which organs occur are the _________.

Flatworms

Most flatworms are _____________, meaning each individual containing both male and female sexual structures.

Hermaphroditic

Select the incorrect statement about deuterostomes from the following choices. A. Deuterostomes demonstrate radial cleavage in their embryonic development. B. Deuterostomes display indeterminate development. C. A deuterostome's coelom is produced by invagination of the archenteron. D. Examples of deuterostomes are echinoderms and chordates. E. Includes most bilaterians, including flatworms, nematodes, mollusks, annelids, and arthropods.

Includes most bilaterians, including flatworms, nematodes, mollusks, annelids, and arthropods.

Which one of the following taxa is not part of the grouping of clades called the Spiralia? A. Nematoda B. Rotifera C. Bryozoa D. Annelida E. Mollusca

Nematoda

Two phyla that belong to the Ecdysozoan clade are A. Platyhelminthes and Nematoda. B. Nematoda and Arthropoda. C. Annelida and Mollusca. D. Mollusca and Arthropoda. E. Platyhelminthes and Arthropoda.

Nematoda and Arthropoda.

Which one of the following statements about segmentation is false? A. Segmentation can produce redundant systems. B. Segmentation can enhance locomotion. C. Only three phyla show true segmentation. D. The evolution of segmentation is highly convergent. E. Although fusion of segments is common, a study of embryology makes segmentation evident.

Only three phyla show true segmentation.

In the animal subkingdom ______, the animals lack symmetry and possess neither tissues nor organs.

Parazoa

You discover an animal that is clearly multicellular, but does not have cells organized into tissues. The animal appears to have radial symmetry. You decide to place this animal in the group _____.

Parazoa

In most Cnidarians, fertilized eggs give rise to free-swimming, multicellular, ciliated larvae, known as ________.

Planula

Select the following phylum that includes animals that are unsegmented, acoelomate, and have a digestive cavity with a single opening. A. Annelida B. Platyhelminthes C. Nematoda D. Cnidaria E. Rotifera

Platyhelminthes

The most prominent phylum of acoelomates, _____________, includes the free-living flatworms and the parasitic flukes and tapeworms.

Platyhelminthes

Of the following combination of statements about protostomes and deuterostomes, which choice is correct? A. Protostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore. The anus or anal pore of protostomes develops from the second opening. Deuterostomes are animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore and the mouth develops secondarily later in their development. B. Protostomes are animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore. The mouth of protostomes develops from the second opening. Deuterostomes are animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore and the mouth develops secondarily later in their development. C. Protostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore. The anus or anal pore of protostomes develops from the second opening. Deuterostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore and the anus develops secondarily later in their development. D. Protostomes are animals in which the mouth or anus develops from the blastopore, depending on the species. Deuterostomes are animals in which the mouth and anus develops from the blastopore, depending on the species.

Protostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore. The anus or anal pore of protostomes develops from the second opening. Deuterostomes are animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore and the mouth develops secondarily later in their development.

Eumetazoa can be subdivided into two principal branches based on _____.

Symmetry

The vase-like body of a simple sponge is likely to contain all of the following materials or layers except A. a digestive cavity lined with enzyme-secreting cells. B. mesophyl, a protein-rich matrix. C. a somewhat contractile outer epithelium. D. specialized collar cells or choanocytes. E. spicules or a spongin skeleton, or both.

a digestive cavity lined with enzyme-secreting cells.

Most species of tapeworms live in the A. stomachs of vertebrates. B. lungs of vertebrates. C. livers of vertebrates. D. intestines of vertebrates. E. hearts of vertebrates.

intestines of vertebrates.

Flatworms are similar to sponges, cnidarians, and ctenophores in which of the following? contain an excretory system lined with a A. network of fine tubules running through the body B. contain an incomplete gut with only one opening C. cilia line the hollow centers of bulb-like flame cells D. lack circulatory systems for transport of oxygen and food E. most are hermaphroditic

lack circulatory systems for transport of oxygen and food

Which of the following is not a characteristic of rotifers? A. bilaterally symmetrical B. corona is food gathering organ C. live on mouthparts of lobsters D. complete gut with mouth and anus E. most occur in fresh water

live on mouthparts of lobsters

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Bryozoa? A. radial symmetry B. lophophore C. Parazoa D. deuterostome E. radial cleavage

lophophore

Which of the following is not true about beef tapeworms? A. occur as a juvenile in the intermuscular tissue of cattle B. found as an adult in the intestines of human beings C. able to produce embryos, which may be viable for up to five months D. able to reach adult length of up to 10 meters E. more than 10% of the cattle are infected in the United States

more than 10% of the cattle are infected in the United States

Which one of the following features of animals is unique to animals? A. cells organized into tissues B. movement associated with muscle tissue and nervous tissue C. heterotrophism D. cells without walls E. embryonic development

movement associated with muscle tissue and nervous tissue

Which one of the following is not a cell type found in the cnidarians? A. epidermal B. gastrodermal C. nerve D. myoepithial E. nematocyst

nematocyst

Which of the following are not correctly matched? A. spicules—sponges B. nematocyst—cnidaria C. flame cells—flatworms D. stylets—roundworms E. scolex—rotifers

scolex—rotifers

Flukes are parasitic worms whose hosts during the larval stage are usually A. aquatic insects. B. cyprinid fishes. C. humans. D. free-living flatworms. E. snails.

snails

An invertebrate biologist explains to your class that she studies the choanocytes of sponges. You know that choanocytes are A. specialized cells near the osculum of the sponge. B. specialized cells that contain spongin and thus contribute to the sponge's rigid structure. C. specialized cells that eventually form spicules. D. specialized cells that have flagella and function to gather food particles. E. specialized cells from which larval sponges develop.

specialized cells that have flagella and function to gather food particles.

Molecular analysis suggests that the rapid diversification during the Cambrian explosion may have been due to evolution of _____. A. definite shape and symmetry. B. tissues organized into organs and organ systems. C. distinct embryonic layers which differentiate into adult tissues. D. the Hox genes. E. having cells organized into tissue layers.

the Hox genes

Circulatory systems solved the problem of _____ in animals with coeloms. A. the shorter length of digestive tracts B. the barrier to diffusion created by tissue surrounding the gut C. living in a terrestrial habitat D. complexity of movement E. decrease in oxygen levels

the barrier to diffusion created by tissue surrounding the gut

Anthozoan corals are characterized by all of the following except A. some may have hard calcium carbonate exoskeletons. B. the coral animals are always found in C.nutrient-rich waters. D. some participate in the formation of shallow-water limestone ridges. E. many harbor symbiotic algae. they are a class of cnidarians.

the coral animals are always found in nutrient-rich waters.

Solid worms that lack a body cavity are known as A. acoelomates. B. pseudocoelomates. C. triploblastic. D. coelomates. E. diploblastic.

Acoelomates.

Nearly all major animal body plans evolved by the _______ period.

Cambrian

The process in which a definite head and brain evolves is called ________.

Cephalization

Select the following phylum that includes coelomate, bilaterian animals that have a structure called a notochord. A. Echinodermata B. Annelida C. Arthropoda D. Mollusca E. Chordata

Chordata

In a _____ circulatory system, circulation of blood is more controlled—the blood is moved faster and more efficiently than in other types of circulatory systems.

Closed

In which phylum of marine animals did symmetrical body plans first evolve? A. Radiata B. Ctenophora C. Cnidaria D. Echinodermata E. Parazoa

Cnidaria

A major evolutionary innovation found in ________ is the internal extracellular digestion of food.

Cnidarians

All of the following statements about Cnidaria are correct with the exception of A. Cnidarians can have two body forms, polyp and medusa. B. Cnidarians are triploblastic, having ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. C. Cnidarians have radical symmetry. D. Cnidarians do not have circulatory, respiratory, or excretory systems. E. Cnidarians have specialized cells called cnidocytes with nematocysts inside.

Cnidarians are triploblastic, having ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Which of the following belongs to the phylum Ctenophora? A. hydra B. jellyfish C. anemones D. comb jellies E. corals

Comb jellies

Radially symmetrical marine animals that propel themselves through the water by means of eight comb-like plates of fused cilia belong to the Phylum A. Cnidaria. B. Ctenophora. C. Platyhelminthes. D. Eumetazoan. E. Parazoa.

Ctenophora.

In 1995, organisms belonging to the species Symbion pandora were discovered and assigned to the phylum A. Rotifera. B. Nematoda. C. Cycliophora. D. Platyhelminthes. E. Cnidaria.

Cycliophora

A biologist discovered a new animal. Upon studying embryonic development, she observed radial cleavage with the blastopore developing into an anus. This animal was categorized as a A. parazoan. B. radiata. C. deuterstome. D. protostome. E. pseudocoelomate.

Deutersome

Select the following phylum that includes deuterostome animals that are exclusively marine and have radial symmetry as adults. A. Porifera B. Rotifera C. Echinodermata D. Chordata E. Cnidaria

Echinodermata

Two outwardly dissimilar groups, the ____________ and the chordates, together with a few other small phyla, constitute the deuterostomes. Two outwardly dissimilar groups, the ____________ and the chordates, together with a few other small phyla, constitute the deuterostomes.

Echinoderms

Which of the following nematode parasites infects about 30% of American children and are easily controlled by drugs. A. Ascaris B. Trichinella C. Necator D. Filaria E. Enterobius

Enterobius

The embryonic layer found only in bilaterally symmetrical eumetazoans is the _______.

Mesoderm

Which one of the following statements about molecular systematics and its role in the classification of animals is false? A. Clades consist of monophyletic taxa sharing the same gene sequences. B. Different molecules sometimes support different taxonomic relationships. C. Molecular data suggests that arthropods and annelids are part of the same clade. D. Molecular data suggests that a new group of "molting" animals, the Ecdysozoa, is monophyletic. E. Combining data from many different molecules gives the best picture of phylogenetic relationships.

Molecular data suggests that arthropods and annelids are part of the same clade.

Select the correct choice to answer the following question. What are the three animal phyla that dominate animal life on land? A. Cnidaria, Mollusca, Platyhelminthes B. Porifera, Arthropoda, Nematoda C. Nematoda, Chordata, Cnidaria D. Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chordata E. Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Arthropoda

Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chordata

Which one of the following statements about origins of animals is false? A. Most taxonomists agree that the origin of the metazoans is polyphyletic. B. The multinucleate hypothesis states that metazoans arose from multinuclear protists. C. The colonial flagellate hypothesis states that metazoans arose from choanoflagellate-like protists. D. The polyphyletic origin hypothesis states that the sponges evolved independently from the eumetazoans. E. Molecular data shows that metazoans are more closely related to flagellates than to ciliates.

Most taxonomists agree that the origin of the metazoans is polyphyletic.

Cnidarians characteristically possess specialized cells which contain a __________, a harpoon used to attack prey.

Nematocyst

Animals with a body cavity located between the mesoderm and endoderm are ______.

Pseudocoelomate

Bilateral symmetrical animals have evolved three body cavity plans. Each of the following statements is correct with the exception of one. Select the exception. A. Acoelomates have no body cavity. B. Coelomates have a body cavity lined with mesodermal cells. C. Coelomates have a fluid filled cavity that develops entirely within the mesoderm. D. Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is located between the ectoderm and the endoderm.

Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is located between the ectoderm and the endoderm.

n all deuterostomes, by contrast, the cells divide parallel to and at right angles to the polar axis.

Radial Cleavage

Which one of the following groupings includes animals referred to as "wheel animals"? A. Deuterostomia B. Rotifera C. Lophotrochozoa D. Ecdysozoa E. Parazoa

Rotifera

he _____ are small, free-living pseudocoelomates, often smaller than some ciliate protists.

Rotifers

Protostomes develop through A. spiral cleavage. B. radial cleavage. C. axial cleavage. D. polar cleavage. E. protocleavage.

Spiral Cleavage

Which of the following is not correct regarding the origin of parazoans and eumetazoans? A. The common ancestor was a protist. B. The common ancestor was a hollow spherical colony of flagellated cells. C. Cells within sponges resemble choanoflagellate protists. D. Sponges evolved independently from eumetazoans. E. Metazoans represent a monophyletic group.

Sponges evolved independently from eumetazoans.

All of the following are true about Cnidarians except A. they are widespread and abundant especially in shallow, warm-temperature or subtropical waters. B. they are basically gelatinous in composition. C. their bodies are made up of distinct organs. D. they exist either as polyps or medusae. E. they contain specialized cells called E. "cnidocytes" within which nematocysts are found.

Their bodies are made up of distinct organs.

Which of the following is not true about pseudocoelomates? A. They possess an internal body cavity called a pseudocoel. B. They contain a bony skeleton. C. They possess a complete, one-way digestive tract. D. The pseudocoel permits resistance to muscle contraction. E. They lack a defined circulatory system.

They contain a bony skeleton.

Which of the following is not true about animals? A. They constitute millions of species. B. They are very diverse in form. C. They were some of the first organisms on the earth. D. They show great mobility. E. They are found in every conceivable habitat.

They were some of the first organisms on the earth.

Which one of the following terms does not apply to the phylum Nematoda? A. asymmetry B. protostome C. coelomate D. triploblastic E. determinate cleavage

asymmetry

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Platyhelminthes? A. spiral cleavage B. protostome C. diploblastic D. acoelomate E. radial symmetry

acoelomate

Phylum Platyhelminthes is characterized by all of the following except A. bilateral symmetry. B. solid bodies with an inner digestive cavity. C. flat ribbon-shaped bodies with dorso-D. ventral parts and anterior head. D. all are free-living. E. possess an excretory system.

all are free-living

A zoologist studies an animal that is a deuterostome. Which of the choices makes the sentence that follows incorrect? You know that deuterostomes A. are bilateral symmetrical. B. evolved from protostomes. C. are animals in which the blastopore develops into the mouth. D. are animals in which any cell can develop into a complete organism. E. are coelomates.

are animals in which the blastopore develops into the mouth.

All of the following features are associated with bilateral symmetry in animals except A. conferring anterior and posterior areas to the body. B. allowing for greater efficiency in movement. C. creating a body design of two mirror images. D. allowing for efficiency in seeking food and mates. E. being sessile.

being sessile.

Which one of the following terms does not apply to adults in the phylum Echinodermata? A. triploblastic B. bilateral symmetry C. coelomate D. deuterostome E. Eumetazoa

bilateral symetry

Molecular data confirm that cnidarians branched off from the rest of animals before ____________ evolved. A. echinoderms B. Porifera C. mollusks D. bilaterial symmetry E. arthropods

bilaterial symmetry

Which one of the following features would indicate that an animal is not a protostome? A. bilateral symmetry B. open or closed circulatory system C. blastopore opens into the archenteron D. three primary tissue layers E. body parts arranged around a central axis

body parts arranged around a central axis

Which one of the following features does not apply to animals in the phylum Nematoda? A. molt their flexible thick cuticle to grow B. capable of complex movement due to circular and longitudinal muscles C. use muscular pharynx to draw food into digestive tract D. parasitic forms often have piercing organs called stylets in the mouth E. abundant and diverse group, both freshwater and marine, free-living and parasitic

capable of complex movement due to circular and longitudinal muscles

The stage in the fluke's life history in which it escapes from the snail and is ready to enter the intermediate or final host is the A. cercariae. B. fertilized eggs. C. miracidia. D. rediae. E. sporocytes.

cercariae.

Sponges are unique in possessing special flagellated cells whose beating drives water through the body cavity. These specialized cells are known as A. cnidocytes. B. planulae. C. nematocysts. D. choanocytes. E. spicules.

choanocytes.

Which one of the following features would indicate that an animal is not a deuterostome? A. triploblastic B. blastopore becomes the anus C. dividing cells on a radius from the polar axis D. coelom partially lined with mesoderm E. identical twinning can occur

coelom partially lined with mesoderm

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Arthropoda? A. radial symmetry B. diploblastic C. coelomate D. Parazoa E. deuterostome

coelomate

In attempts to discover the origin of metazoans, ribosomal RNA sequences indicate that the _____________ hypothesis is correct. A. paraphyletic ciliate B. multinucleate C. colonial flagellate D. metazoan E. polyphyletic origin

colonial flagellate

Which of the following is not a type of cnidarian? A. Hydra B. Obelia C. box jellyfish D. comb jelly E. sea anemone

comb jelly.

Which of the following terms is mismatched with its meaning or characteristics? A. diploblastic—ectoderm and mesoderm B. triploblastic—ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm C. Parazoa—lacks symmetry; no tissues D. Eumetazoa—definite symmetry; tissues organized E. Chordate—animal with notochord

diploblastic—ectoderm and mesoderm

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a vertebrate? A. radial cleavage B. indeterminate development C. circulatory system present D. diploblastic E. coelomate

dipoblastic

Which one of the following terms does not apply to the phylum Chordata? A. Eumetazoa B. diploblastic C. bilateral symmetry D. deuterostome E. coelomate

dipoblastic

Which one of the following terms does not apply to the phylum Porifera? A. Parazoa B. no true tissues C. asymmetry D. acoelomate E. diploblastic

dipoblastic

Which of the following is the key transitions in body design that are responsible for most of the differences of Eumetazoa? A. distinct tissues B. radial to bilateral symmetry C. no body cavity to body cavity D. unsegmented to segmented bodies E. protostome to deuterostome development

distinct tissues

Animals are multicellular heterotrophs and obtain their food by ________.

ingestion

In animals that display indeterminate development A. embryonic cells have a predetermined fate. B. bilateral symmetry cannot develop. C. early embryonic cells, if separated from the embryo, can develop into complete organisms. D. embryonic cells show spiral cleavage. E. the blastopore develops into the mouth.

early embryonic cells, if separated from the embryo, can develop into complete organisms.

The human disease, trichinosis, is contracted through A. walking barefoot in soil containing larvae. B. eating fertilized eggs. C. eating undercooked or raw pork. D. eating raw beef. E. none of these.

eating undercooked or raw pork

Trichinella nematodes reach muscle tissue, forming resistant cysts, after A. entering the circulatory system following penetration of the skin of the foot. B. entering the circulatory system following penetration of the intestinal wall. C. entering the lymph channels following penetration of the intestine. D entering the lymph channel following penetration of lung tissue. E. none of these.

entering the lymph channels following penetration of the intestine.

Schistosomiasis is a serious disorder afflicting humans mainly in tropical regions; it is caused by a A. carp or goldfish. B. fluke. C. nematode. D. snail. E. tapeworm.

fluke.

Parazoa A.are pseudocoelomates. B. exhibit bilateral symmetry. C. include Cnidaria and Ctenophora. D. exhibit primitive segmentation. E. have no true tissues.

have no true tissues

Sponges exhibit all of the following general characteristics except A. eating by flow of water through canals and pores. B. free-swimming larvae; sessile adults. C. lack of specialized tissues and organs. D. lack of symmetry (may be radial in small species). E. head or appendages, mouth or anus.

head or appendages, mouth or anus.

Which one of the following terms does not apply to the phylum Annelida? A. bilateral symmetry B. triploblastic C. protostome D. indeterminate cleavage E. spiral cleavage

indeterminate cleavage

Which of the following features in embryonic development of deuterostomes does not represent a major difference from protostomes? A. pattern of blastopore formation B. radial cleavage pattern for cell division C. number of primary germ layers D. The first cleavage divisions of the fertilized embryo produce identical daughter cells, and any single cell, if separated can develop into a complete organism. E. The coelom is normally produced by an invagination of the archenteron.

number of primary germ layers

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Ctenophora? A. often bioluminescent marine animals B. protostome C. coelomate D. deuterostome E. Parazoa

often bioluminescent marine animals

Which one of the following is not a cell type found in the Parazoa or an inclusion produced by a cell? A. osculum B. choanocyte C. porocyte D. amoebocyte E. spicule

osculum

Which one of the following features does not distinguish the eumetazoa from the parazoa? A. some type of symmetry B. distinct cell types forming tissues C. possession of ectoderm and endoderm D. polyp and medusa body forms and organs E. a body plan

polyp and medusa body forms and organs

The long, flat bodies of tapeworms are made up of repeating segments known as A. antheridia. B. gut blocks. C. proglottids. D. scolex. E. miracidia.

proglottids.

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Mollusca? A. protostome B. pseudocoelomate C. Parazoa D. diploblastic E. asymmetry

protostome

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Nematoda? A. Parazoa B. radial cleavage C. diploblastic D. deuterostome E. pseudocoelomate

pseudocoelomate

Which one of the following is not the type of evidence used in a traditional classification of animals? A. coelom type B. rRNA sequences C. symmetry D. number of embryonic tissue layers E. fate of the blastopore

rRNA sequences

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Cnidaria? A. radial symmetry B. pseudocoelomate C. Parazoa D. triploblastic E. protostome

radial symmetry

Animals are distinct among multicellular organisms in all of the following features except A. their cells lack rigid cell walls and are flexible. B. they can move more rapidly and in more complex ways than members in other eukaryotic kingdoms. C. they develop from a zygote in a characteristic embryonic development. D. they show great diversity in size, form, and structure. E. they are homotrophic.

they are homotrophic.

Which one of the following is not true about Porifera? A. they lack tissues B. most members of this phylum lack symmetry C. they remain nonsessile throughout their entire life cycle D. defend themselves by producing chemicals that repel potential predators E. if cells are separated, they will seek one another out and reassemble the entire sponge

they remain nonsessile throughout their entire life cycle