Test 3&4 (Nutrition )

Prebiotics such as yogurt, kefir, tempeh, kimchi, and sauerkraut should be eaten in very small amounts to prevent harmful toxic levels of GI normal floria.

False

Twelve-year old Pierre has been diagnosed with Celia disease so he needs to avoid foods which have either corn or rice.

False

Water-soluble and fat-soluble nutrients are transported from the lymph capillaries through the lymphatic vessels and eventually arrive at the thoracic duct.

False

Inadequate consumption of ________ leads to the formation of diverticula.

Fiber

The three components of the ________ are ascending, descending, transverse

colon

The most nutritious, high-fiber carbohydrates are

complex carbohydrates

During the process of digestion, ________ are converted to glucose.

disaccharides

Insulin brings blood glucose levels ________ and glucagon brings them ________.

down , up

Hyperglycemia represents ________ blood sugar.

elevated

Functional fiber is more nutritious than soluble or insoluble fiber.

false

The lymphatic system filters the blood and eliminates waste.

false

Type 2 diabetes develops in infancy.

false

Constipation, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity can be prevented by eating more foods which are rich in

fiber

Which of the following travels to the colon undigested and most of it is eliminated from the body?

fiber

Which substance should be consumed in the minimum quantity of 25-30 grams daily?

fiber

The ________ receives bile from the liver through the common hepatic duct.

gallbladder

The digestive organ which can be removed without causing harm is the

gallbladder

The purpose of carbohydrate digestion is to produce

glucose

The only treatment for celiac disease is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet.

True

Pectins, beta-glucan, gums and psyllium represent

soluble fiber.

The RDA for carbohydrates is

130 grams

A individual who is constipated needs to consume

25-30 grams of fiber, and more water.

Type I diabetes result from a malfunctioning pancreas.

True

________ are circular muscular rings which open and close in response to nerve input.________ are circular muscular rings which open and close in response to nerve input.

Sphincters

Chronic heartburn can be a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease, when the acidic stomach contents reflux into the esophagus because the lower esophageal sphincter is weak.

True

Clara is a healthy college student who eats reasonably well and has not been sick for several years. She therefore digests and absorbs 92-97 percent of the nutrients in her foods.

True

Fat-soluble vitamins and long-chain fatty acids are transported via the lymphatic system, and eventually drains into the subclavian vein.

True

Ghrelin and peptide YY communicate with the brain to help you decide when to eat and when to stop eating.

True

Hemorrhoids are caused by increased pressure in the veins in the rectum and anus causes swelling and inflammation.

True

Physical exercise which lasts 150 minutes per week and a plant-based diet has been shown to effectively treat type 2 diabetes.

True

The villi and microvilli are the site of nutrient

absorption.

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with the enzyme

amylase

The recommended foods to control diabetes symptoms should

be high-fiber, low-fat, low-sugar foods.

The part of wheat which relieves constipation is the

bran

A person who has trouble digesting a protein in rye, wheat, and barley suffers from

celiac disease.

Many Americans underestimate sugar content of processed foods because they can be "hidden" in the form of

high fructose corn syrup, and sucrose

The ________ sphincter (valve) is located between the end of the small intestine and the beginning of the large intestine to prevent backflow of fecal contents from the large intestine into the small intestine.

ileocecal

Hypoglycemia symptoms include dizziness, shaking, and weakness which results from the release of too much

insulin

Lactose ________ results in bloating, flatulence, cramps, and diarrhea.

intolerence

Luis has been troubled with constipation, diarrhea, or a combination of constipation and diarrhea. He has symptoms associated with

irritable bowel syndrome.

The sequence of food processing in the gut is

mastication, digestion, absorption, excretion.

Which of the following represents storage sites of glycogen?

muscle, liver

Nondigestible starch found in plant foods that promotes the growth and health of your GI flora are

prebiotics

The ________ prevents chyme from exiting the stomach too soon and blocks the intestinal contents from returning to the stomach.

pyloric sphincter

Prediabetes symptoms are ________.

similar to diabetes symptoms

Chyme is the semiliquid, partially digested food mass that leaves the stomach and enters the

small intestine.

Excess glucose is converted and stored as body fat.

true

Gestational diabetes occurs among pregnant women.

true

Grandpa has inflamed swollen and bleeding veins in the rectum and anus so he needs to increase dietary fiber and fluid intake.

true

The longer a food is chewed, the longer the action of salivary amylase.

true