test 4 post-modern

Fetishism

1 - What's social actually appears natural 2- Objectified form of labor 3- Worship of mundane materials

Marx maps out a pattern in the development of history. It includes all of the following EXCEPT: A. The old ruling class can always keep itself in power. B. Every exploited class is driven to overthrow its rulers and install itself as the new ruling class. C. The ruling class can be displaced only when it becomes economically obsolete due to changes in technology. D. Class struggles in one stage are related to those in other stages, and every system produces the seeds of its own destruction.

A. The old ruling class can always keep itself in power

Karl Marx is arguably the most controversial figure in the long history of political philosophy. He is all of the following BUT: A. Intellectual and activist. B. Scientist. C. Journalist and pamphleteer. D. Revolutionary organizer and essayist.

B. Scientist

Known as "comrades-in-arms," which of the following is not true about the relations between Marx and Engels? A. Marx is more creative among the two. B. They have similar financial background. C. Marx's writing style benefited from their collaboration. D. Engels could grasp Marx's obscure language and translated it into exciting prose that won popular approval.

B. They have similar financial background

Which of the flowing is not true about Marx's alienation theory? A. Owing to the extensive use of machinery and to division of labor, the work of the proletarians has lost all individual character. B. The cost of production of a workman is restricted, almost entirely, to the means of subsistence that he requires for his maintenance, and for the propagation of his race. C. A decent wage is paid to labors to secure a continuing supply of workers. D. A labor becomes an appendage of the machine, and it is only the most simple, most monotonous, and most easily acquired knack, that is required of him.

C. A decent wage is paid to labors to secure a continuing supply of workers

All of the following are true about The Communist Manifesto EXCEPT: A. It presents the basic outline of a novel system in a straightforward, punchy prose style. B. Its style is appropriate for the recruiting pamphlet it originally was. C. The central problem the Manifesto addressed was social harmony. D. At its core is a radical analysis of the relationship of economics to politics throughout human history and a profound critique of capitalism couched in the dramatic language of revolution.

C. The central problem the manifesto addressed was social harmony.

Marx's prehistory resembles the crude state of nature of Hobbes, Locke, or Rousseau. They all began with isolated individuals.

F

To Marx, the key to human history is the epic of class struggles. Their origins, their development, and their promise of a better future form the substance of Marx's argument. All of the following are the basic tenets of Marxism EXCEPT: A. Everyone has an inescapable physical need to sustain life. To fulfill this need people organize economic systems, or modes of production, distribution, and consumption. B. At each stage of history, economic forces give rise to two major classes. C. Classes originate in the division of labor. D. At each stage, these two classes are always in peaceful coexistence.

D. At each stage, these two classes are always in peaceful coexistence

Which of the following is not part of Marx's analysis on workers' misery? A. Marx believed their misery was caused by the machines they worked, and that if these were destroyed their old way of life would return. B. Marx puts the political and economic revolutions into unique historical perspective. C. Marx concludes that the injustice is an aspect of bourgeois morality that justifies economic exploitation. D. Marx believes that class interests are equated with the public interest.

D. Marx believes that class interests are equated with the public interest

Superstructure is quite an obscure term. However, it refers to all of the following with the exception of: A. It includes politics, law, religion, the family, and ideas and institutions that are grounded in the economic base. B. People do not simply choose whatever ideas or form of government they like. C. They are defined for them by their economic class system. D. Religion is not a part of the superstructure.

D. Religion is not a part of the superstructure.

Which of the following is not true about Marx's revolution theory? A. To Marx, these political uprisings could be understood only when linked to economics. B. These revolutions such as the Glorious Revolution of 1688 helped the bourgeoisie that sought freedom from control by monarchs. C. The consequences of the Industrial Revolution were economic, political, and social. D. The consequences of the Industrial Revolution were merely economic.

D. The consequences of the Industrial Revolution were merely economic

Academically, one of the following is not true about Marx: A. Because of the wide reach of his theories and their many implications, it is hard to imagine an important aspect of study or life that has been immune to his influence. B. In a multiple ways, he is a literary giant. C. Entering into the field of Marx studies is like embarking on an intellectual adventure relatively few other authors or books can offer. D. The questions he raised are hypothetical not empirical.

D. The questions he raised are hypothetical not empirical

Historical Materialism and Dialectical Materialism

Dialectical Materialism- The material is the primary and the ideal remains dependent. Matter can exist without mind, but not vice-versa. The unit of opposites, from quantity to quality Historical Materialism- Marx himself claims this and surplus value are two scientific discoveries.

Interpret in your own words what is Trans-valuation of values by Nietzsche?

Slave morality is the product of resentment and labels as good all that denies the strength and vitality of human nature. Religion, especially Christianity, is included in the ethos of slave morality because it praises a set of otherworldly values that deny human existence and individual power, Which Nietzsche sees as the true expression and greatness of man.

A complex thinker, sharp-tempered, and an articulate speaker, debater, and critic of various contemporaries, Marx clashed with many people during his life.

T

In addition to the immeasurable effects of his work on world events, Marx profoundly affected a number of scholarly disciplines beyond political philosophy, most importantly economics and sociology but also art and literature.

T

In each historical period, according to Marx, the authority of the ruling class stems from its economic role; it holds political power because it commands production. Social class and economics serve as the base, or substructure, on which a complex superstructure is founded.

T

Marx believes when the workers triumph, their victory will free everyone, and all class struggle will end.

T

Marx calls religion "the opium of the people" because it serves rulers as a peaceful way to control any resulting lower-class protest, justifying exploitation by picturing a heavenly reward to make people indifferent to human suffering, and warding off the search for alternatives to earthly injustice.

T

Marx's method may be called historical materialism, or dialectical materialism, because it is both historical and dialectical in its approach to materialism. Marx accepts Hegel's argument that history is the march of rational justice in the world. Its goal is universal freedom, and the dialectical method is how people discover the path to that goal.

T

The Communist Manifesto is a book Marx coauthored with Engels, which is considered as their most influential work.

T

The program outlined in The Communist Manifesto was actually forgotten for over twenty years, until a workers' uprising in Paris rescued it from obscurity.

T

The situation Marx faced, then, was one of great injustice that touched every aspect of industrial society. At the heart of his problem is the question, why do some people lead a life of privilege while others are condemned to drudgery and abject poverty?

T

Superstructure and base

The real foundation of society is the economic structure (mode of production). The mode of production consist of production and productive forces on which rises a legal and political superstructure. 1 - Primitive- Classless society 2 - Slavery: slave owners and slaves 3 - Feudalism: Landlord and peasants 4 - Capitalism: Bargeois and proletarian 5 - Communism: Also a classless society