test three

psychosocial moratorium.

According to Erikson, a necessary "time-out" for adolescents is called:

preadolescence.

According to Sullivan, the need for intimacy starts to develop during:

in passive activities

According to a survey conducted in the early 2000s, how do adolescents spend most of their leisure time?

Black; negatively; higher

According to the textbook, because _____ girls do not feel as _____ about their appearances as girls of other racial backgrounds, these individuals typically have _____ overall self-esteem.

conduct problems. depression. lower achievement in school. All of these are correct.

According to the textbook, feeling discriminated against is predictive of all of the following except:

It is the combination of all of the above.

According to the textbook, research indicates spending time after school with friends is most problematic under which circumstance?

religious affiliation

According to the textbook, which of the following is not generally a predictor of self-esteem?

inauthentically; false-self

Adolescents are most likely to behave __________ in romantic situations, and they are least likely to engage in ___________ behavior with close friends.

75

Alcohol and drugs are present in about ______% of prime time network programs, movies, and music videos.

intimacy and trust.

Allison says that Susan is her friend because she can tell Susan secrets and Susan won't tell anyone else. Allison's definition of friendship is based on:

the discrepancy between her ideal and actual selves

Amy, a 16-year-old girl, is shy around boys though she would really like to be more outgoing. This reflects:

be absent from school.

As discussed in the textbook, adolescents who work more than 20 hours weekly are more likely than their peers to:

a sexual and/or physical relationship.

As used in the study of adolescence, the term intimacy refers to an emotional attachment between two people that is characterized by all of the following, except:

music-related and academic-related

Aside from athletics, which types of extracurricular activities are next most popular among adolescents?

same-sex relationships.

Based on Sullivan's theory of interpersonal development, intimacy is first expressed in:

co-rumination

Cassandra and Rosemarie spend a lot of time obsessing over each other's problems. What is this called?

better in school, and are less likely to be involved in delinquent behavior.

Compared to minority adolescents with families that have been in the United States for a long-time, foreign-born ethnic minority adolescents tend to perform:

aggression school misconduct minor delinquency All of these are correct.

Cory works long hours. According to the research presented in the textbook, Cory might increase in which of the following?

when he is 12-14 years old

Dewayne's parents are worried that as he enters adolescence, his self-esteem will greatly decrease. During what time should Dewayne's parents expect the most fluctuations in his self-image?

the Adult Attachment Interview

Dr. Diamond conducts an interview with a patient in order to assess the history of the patient's attachment relationships. What method would Dr. Diamond use?

positive youth development

Drawing on research that shows that certain extracurricular activities benefit adolescents, and research showing the potential dangers of leaving adolescents unsupervised after school, some experts have argued that well-designed programs will not only deter problem behavior but also encourage youth to develop strengths. This emphasis on developing positive attributes is known as what?

an internal working model.

During infancy, Julia formed a secure attachment with her parents. This attachment has formed the basis for all her future approaches to interpersonal relationships. According to attachment theorists, Julia is employing:

sex

During preadolescence, _____ is the single most important determinant of friendship.

negative identity.

Edith, the adolescent daughter of the local district attorney, has recently been hanging out with a rowdy group of youth who have vandalized a number of public buildings. Edith has most likely adopted a

establishing a coherent sense of identity

Erik Erikson believed that ________ is the primary psychosocial crisis of adolescence.

increasing the likelihood that they drop out of school

Expanding opportunities for adolescents to get involved in athletics, drama group, or another extracurricular activity would be associated with all but which of the following outcomes?

spends more time with a new friend she has made

Fourteen-year-old Fatimah, who has relatively low self-esteem and is relatively high in rejection sensitivity, is most likely to be upset with her best friend if the friend:

loyalty

Friendships based on which of the following criteria are more likely to be found among adolescents than younger children?

multiethnic

Having two parents of different ethnic or racial backgrounds is a description of

They remain about the same

How much do people's personalities differ before and after adolescence?

self-esteem.

How positively or negatively people feel about themselves defines:

viral marketing

In recent years, studies of adolescents' consumer behavior have noted the strong influence teens have over one another when it comes to spending money. Advertisers have taken advantage of Internet sites such as YouTube, MySpace, and Facebook to utilize what kind of marketing?

are correlated.

It is important to keep in mind that an individual's relationships with parents, siblings, peers, and romantic partners:

leisure activities

Lisa earns approximately $300 a month from her part-time job. She is most likely to spend the money on:

self-conception.

Maria describes herself as an only child, as a person who likes art and music, who is shy, and who likes to read. Maria's description fits best with the idea of:

repeated exposure to these messages is likely to have an effect on adolescent attitudes and beliefs.

Research evaluating media messages about sex and drugs finds that:

baby-sitting and lawn work

Ryan did a survey at his middle school of the most common after-school jobs for the eighth-grade class. What are his results likely to say?

psychosocial moratorium.

Since Ignacio became an adolescent, he has experimented with different roles and personalities. Ignacio's parents are telling all their friends that this is just a "phase" that he's going through. According to Erikson, this "phase" is called:

verbal aggression with her romantic partners. physical aggression with her romantic partners. relationship difficulties with her romantic partners. All of these are correct.

Stephanie, an adolescent who has witnessed a great deal of conflict between her parents, will most likely experience higher levels of:

adolescents carrying beepers and reporting their moods when paged.

The Experience Sampling Method involves:

attachment.

The close, significant emotional bond between parent and infant is called:

flow experience.

The experience of high levels of both concentration and interest at the same time is called

increases; remains stable

The likelihood that an individual will turn to a peer during a time of trouble _____ in adolescence and the likelihood of turning to a parent _____

the breakup of a romantic relationship.

The most common trigger of the first episode of major depression is:

athletics.

The most popular type of extracurricular activities is:

on leisure activities

Today's teenagers spend the most hours:

Tony will have more self-image problems than Jeff.

Tony and Jeff, both Black adolescents, attend different schools. Tony attends a school where his ethnic group is in the majority and Jeff attends a predominately White school. What do studies predict about Tony and/or Jeff's self-perception?

personality dimensions

What does the Five-Factor Model describe?

More than 50% of American sixth-graders believe it is OK for a girl to hit her boyfriend and about 25% believe it is OK for a boy to hit his girlfriend.

What proportion of American sixth-graders believe it is OK for someone to hit a boyfriend or girlfriend?

need for part-time workers abundance of low-wage positions short shift schedules All of these are correct.

Which of the following characteristics of the retail and restaurant industries contributed to the rise in adolescent employment?

physical appearance self-esteem

Which of the following factors is the most important predictor of overall self-esteem?

Francis, who has established a coherent sense of identity; she has made identity commitments after a period of exploration

Which of the following individuals would be considered to be in an identity achieved state?

Brandon, who is in the midst of a period of exploration

Which of the following individuals would be considered to be in an identity moratorium state?

Unprotected sex can have serious consequences.

Which of the following is not a common message that the media conveys about sex?

Adolescents interact more often with, are closer to, and argue more with their mothers than with their fathers.

Which of the following statements about adolescents' level and degree of interaction with parents is true?