The endocrine system chpt 10

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fats, excess amino acids

Glucagon increases the use of ____ and ____ for energy production.

cyclic amp, enzymes

In the two messenger mechanism of the action of protein hormones, the second messenger is____, which activates specific ____ within the cell.

estrogen and progesterone

In women the two hormones secreted by the corpus luteum are

LH (luteinizing hormone), anterior pituitary gland.

In women, the hormone that stimulates ovulation is____ from the_____.

decrease

Increased secretion of ADH will ___ urinary output.

protein synthesis

Insulin enables cells to take in amino acids and use them for ____.

Proteins

An important function of thyroxine is that it increases the synthesis of___.

GH(growth hormone) and Thyroxine

Two hormones that increases the rate of protein synthesis in cells

Iodine

Synthesis of thyroxine requires the mineral

aldosterone, hydrogen inons

The adrenal hormone that has a secondary effect on blood pH is____, because it promotes the excretion of _____.

Aldosterone

The adrenal hormone that has the secondary effects of increasing blood volume and blood pressure is

epinephrine and norepinephrine

The adrenal medulla is the inner part of the adrenal gland, and secretes the hormones

Epinephrine

The hormone that causes vasodilation in skeletal muscle and vasoconstriction in the viscera is

cortisol

The hormone that conserves glucose for use by the brain is

Calcitonin

The hormone that decreases the blood calcium level is

epinephrine

The hormone that dilates the bronchioles is

Insulin, pancreas

The hormone that enables cells to take in glucose to use for energy production is_____ produced by the _____.

epinephrine

The hormone that increases heart rate and slows peristalsis is

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

The hormone that increases the blood calcium level is

GH (growth hormone) , anterior pituitary gland

The hormone that increases the rate of mitosis in growing tissue is____, which is produced by the _____.

Thyroxine (T4), thyroid gland

The hormone that increases the use of all three food types for energy is ____, which is produced by the ____.

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

The hormone that initiates sperm production in the testes is

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

The hormone that initiates the development of egg cells in the ovary

Prolactin (PRL), anterior pituitary gland

The hormone that stimulates milk production is____ from the _____.

LH(luteinizing hormone)

The hormone that stimulates secretion of testosterone by the testes is____ from the anterior pituitary gland

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and estrogen

The hormones directly necessary for the development of egg cells in the ovary are

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and testosterone

The hormones directly necessary for the development of sperm in the testes are

estrogen and progesterone

The hormones necessary for growth of the endometrium are

Estrogen & Progesterone

The hormones necessary for the growth of the endometrium are

Receptors

The hormones that a cell will respond to are determined by the ____ on the cell's membrane or in its cytoplasm

Thyroxine (T4)

The mineral iodine is necessary for the synthesis of the hormone

glucagon

The pancreatic hormone ___ is secreted between meals

insulin

The pancreatic hormone ____ is secreted right after meals.

Glucagon

The pancreatic hormone that increases the conversion of glycogen to glucose by the liver is ___.

reabsorption of water by the kidneys

The primary function of ADH is to increase

releasing hormones , hypothalamus

The secretion of hormones of the anterior pituitary is regulated by____ produced by the ____

Local where they are produced

The site of action of prostaglandins is usually

alpha cells, decreases

The specific cells that produce glucagon are____, and they do so when the blood glucose level _____.

beta cells, increases

The specific cells that produce insulin are____, and they do so when the blood glucose level _____.

Bones, kidney and small intestine

The target organs of PTH( parathyroid hormone)

Bones

The target organs of calcitonin are

renin-angiotensin mechanism

When blood pressure decreases, secretion of aldosterone is stimulated by the

LH(luteinizing hormone)

The direct stimulus for the secretion of testosterone is

glycogen to glucose

The effect of epinephrine on the liver is to increase the conversion

Release of milk (LET down reflex)

The effect of oxytocin on the mammary glands is to stimulate the

contractions for labor birth

The effect of oxytocin on the uterus is to cause

sympathetic nervous system

The effects of epinephrine are very similar to those of the

Thyroid gland

The endocrine gland that is on the front of the trachea is the

adrenal glands

The endocrine glands that are on top of the kidneys are the

pituitary gland, adrenal gland

The endocrine glands that have two distinct parts are

Islets of Langerhans

The endocrine parts of the pancreas are called

sodium ions, potassium ions

The function of aldosterone is to increase renal reabsorption of___, and exertion ___.

Pancreas

The gland in the curve of the duodenum

Cortisol

The hormone ____ stimulates most body cells to use fats and excess amino acids for energy production.

adrenal cortex, kidneys

The hormone aldosterone is secreted by the____, and its target organs are the ____.

Lysosomes

The hormone cortisol has an anti-inflammatory effect because it stabilizes the___ within cells.

posterior pituitary (hypothalamus) gland

ADH is secreted by the

Oxytocin

The hormone that causes contraction of the uterus is

Negative feedback mechanism

A regulating mechanism that contains its own brake is called

Insulin

Blood glucose level is lowered by the pancreatic hormone _____.

glucagon

Blood glucose level is raised by the pancreatic hormone

anterior pituitary gland

FSH is produced by the

amino acids, synthesis of proteins

Growth hormone stimulates the transport of ___ into cells, to be used for the synthesis of_____.

decreases

In a negative feedback mechanism, when the effect of a hormone increases, the secretion of the hormone

Testosterone and inhibin

In men the two hormones secreted by the testes are

Testosterone, testes

In men, LH stimulates secretion of _____ by the ______.

hormone, receptor

In the two messenger mechanism of the action of protein hormones, the first messenger is the ______, which must bond to a ___ on the cell membrane

posterior pituitary (hypothalamus)

Oxytocin is secreted by the

cell membranes

Prostaglandins are produced by most cells from parts of their

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), anterior pituitary gland

Secretion of cortisol is stimulated by_____ from the ____.

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), anterior pituitary gland.

Secretion of thyroxine is stimulated by ___from the _____.

clotting of blood

Some prostaglandins are necessary for the

Genes

Steroid hormones are believed to exert their effects by activating certain ___ within a cell.

Dehydration

The direct stimulus for secretion of ADH (anti diuretic hormone) is

Hypocalcemia

The direct stimulus for secretion of PTH( parathyroid hormone) is ____.

low blood sodium ( low BP, low blood volume)

The direct stimulus for secretion of aldosterone is

hypercalcemia

The direct stimulus for secretion of calcitonin is

sympathetic nerves impulses

The direct stimulus for secretion of epinephrine is

Hypoglycemia

The direct stimulus for secretion of glucagon is

GHRH (growth hormone releasing hormone)

The direct stimulus for secretion of growth hormone is _____.

hyperglycemia

The direct stimulus for secretion of insulin is

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

The direct stimulus for secretion of thyroxine is ____.

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

The direct stimulus for the secretion of estrogen is

thyroid gland

calcitonin is secreted by the, and its target organs are bones.

adrenal cortex

cortisol is secreted by the

parathyroid gland

is on the back of the thyroid gland are the

vasoconstriction

the major function of norepinephrine is to stimulate ___ throughout the body.

adrenal cortex

the outer portion of the adrenal glands


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