The endocrine system chpt 10
fats, excess amino acids
Glucagon increases the use of ____ and ____ for energy production.
cyclic amp, enzymes
In the two messenger mechanism of the action of protein hormones, the second messenger is____, which activates specific ____ within the cell.
estrogen and progesterone
In women the two hormones secreted by the corpus luteum are
LH (luteinizing hormone), anterior pituitary gland.
In women, the hormone that stimulates ovulation is____ from the_____.
decrease
Increased secretion of ADH will ___ urinary output.
protein synthesis
Insulin enables cells to take in amino acids and use them for ____.
Proteins
An important function of thyroxine is that it increases the synthesis of___.
GH(growth hormone) and Thyroxine
Two hormones that increases the rate of protein synthesis in cells
Iodine
Synthesis of thyroxine requires the mineral
aldosterone, hydrogen inons
The adrenal hormone that has a secondary effect on blood pH is____, because it promotes the excretion of _____.
Aldosterone
The adrenal hormone that has the secondary effects of increasing blood volume and blood pressure is
epinephrine and norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla is the inner part of the adrenal gland, and secretes the hormones
Epinephrine
The hormone that causes vasodilation in skeletal muscle and vasoconstriction in the viscera is
cortisol
The hormone that conserves glucose for use by the brain is
Calcitonin
The hormone that decreases the blood calcium level is
epinephrine
The hormone that dilates the bronchioles is
Insulin, pancreas
The hormone that enables cells to take in glucose to use for energy production is_____ produced by the _____.
epinephrine
The hormone that increases heart rate and slows peristalsis is
PTH (parathyroid hormone)
The hormone that increases the blood calcium level is
GH (growth hormone) , anterior pituitary gland
The hormone that increases the rate of mitosis in growing tissue is____, which is produced by the _____.
Thyroxine (T4), thyroid gland
The hormone that increases the use of all three food types for energy is ____, which is produced by the ____.
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
The hormone that initiates sperm production in the testes is
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
The hormone that initiates the development of egg cells in the ovary
Prolactin (PRL), anterior pituitary gland
The hormone that stimulates milk production is____ from the _____.
LH(luteinizing hormone)
The hormone that stimulates secretion of testosterone by the testes is____ from the anterior pituitary gland
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and estrogen
The hormones directly necessary for the development of egg cells in the ovary are
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and testosterone
The hormones directly necessary for the development of sperm in the testes are
estrogen and progesterone
The hormones necessary for growth of the endometrium are
Estrogen & Progesterone
The hormones necessary for the growth of the endometrium are
Receptors
The hormones that a cell will respond to are determined by the ____ on the cell's membrane or in its cytoplasm
Thyroxine (T4)
The mineral iodine is necessary for the synthesis of the hormone
glucagon
The pancreatic hormone ___ is secreted between meals
insulin
The pancreatic hormone ____ is secreted right after meals.
Glucagon
The pancreatic hormone that increases the conversion of glycogen to glucose by the liver is ___.
reabsorption of water by the kidneys
The primary function of ADH is to increase
releasing hormones , hypothalamus
The secretion of hormones of the anterior pituitary is regulated by____ produced by the ____
Local where they are produced
The site of action of prostaglandins is usually
alpha cells, decreases
The specific cells that produce glucagon are____, and they do so when the blood glucose level _____.
beta cells, increases
The specific cells that produce insulin are____, and they do so when the blood glucose level _____.
Bones, kidney and small intestine
The target organs of PTH( parathyroid hormone)
Bones
The target organs of calcitonin are
renin-angiotensin mechanism
When blood pressure decreases, secretion of aldosterone is stimulated by the
LH(luteinizing hormone)
The direct stimulus for the secretion of testosterone is
glycogen to glucose
The effect of epinephrine on the liver is to increase the conversion
Release of milk (LET down reflex)
The effect of oxytocin on the mammary glands is to stimulate the
contractions for labor birth
The effect of oxytocin on the uterus is to cause
sympathetic nervous system
The effects of epinephrine are very similar to those of the
Thyroid gland
The endocrine gland that is on the front of the trachea is the
adrenal glands
The endocrine glands that are on top of the kidneys are the
pituitary gland, adrenal gland
The endocrine glands that have two distinct parts are
Islets of Langerhans
The endocrine parts of the pancreas are called
sodium ions, potassium ions
The function of aldosterone is to increase renal reabsorption of___, and exertion ___.
Pancreas
The gland in the curve of the duodenum
Cortisol
The hormone ____ stimulates most body cells to use fats and excess amino acids for energy production.
adrenal cortex, kidneys
The hormone aldosterone is secreted by the____, and its target organs are the ____.
Lysosomes
The hormone cortisol has an anti-inflammatory effect because it stabilizes the___ within cells.
posterior pituitary (hypothalamus) gland
ADH is secreted by the
Oxytocin
The hormone that causes contraction of the uterus is
Negative feedback mechanism
A regulating mechanism that contains its own brake is called
Insulin
Blood glucose level is lowered by the pancreatic hormone _____.
glucagon
Blood glucose level is raised by the pancreatic hormone
anterior pituitary gland
FSH is produced by the
amino acids, synthesis of proteins
Growth hormone stimulates the transport of ___ into cells, to be used for the synthesis of_____.
decreases
In a negative feedback mechanism, when the effect of a hormone increases, the secretion of the hormone
Testosterone and inhibin
In men the two hormones secreted by the testes are
Testosterone, testes
In men, LH stimulates secretion of _____ by the ______.
hormone, receptor
In the two messenger mechanism of the action of protein hormones, the first messenger is the ______, which must bond to a ___ on the cell membrane
posterior pituitary (hypothalamus)
Oxytocin is secreted by the
cell membranes
Prostaglandins are produced by most cells from parts of their
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), anterior pituitary gland
Secretion of cortisol is stimulated by_____ from the ____.
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), anterior pituitary gland.
Secretion of thyroxine is stimulated by ___from the _____.
clotting of blood
Some prostaglandins are necessary for the
Genes
Steroid hormones are believed to exert their effects by activating certain ___ within a cell.
Dehydration
The direct stimulus for secretion of ADH (anti diuretic hormone) is
Hypocalcemia
The direct stimulus for secretion of PTH( parathyroid hormone) is ____.
low blood sodium ( low BP, low blood volume)
The direct stimulus for secretion of aldosterone is
hypercalcemia
The direct stimulus for secretion of calcitonin is
sympathetic nerves impulses
The direct stimulus for secretion of epinephrine is
Hypoglycemia
The direct stimulus for secretion of glucagon is
GHRH (growth hormone releasing hormone)
The direct stimulus for secretion of growth hormone is _____.
hyperglycemia
The direct stimulus for secretion of insulin is
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
The direct stimulus for secretion of thyroxine is ____.
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
The direct stimulus for the secretion of estrogen is
thyroid gland
calcitonin is secreted by the, and its target organs are bones.
adrenal cortex
cortisol is secreted by the
parathyroid gland
is on the back of the thyroid gland are the
vasoconstriction
the major function of norepinephrine is to stimulate ___ throughout the body.
adrenal cortex
the outer portion of the adrenal glands