The Pancreas

What is another name for the accessory duct of the pancreas? a. Duct of Santorini b. Duct of Langerhans c. Duct of Oddi d. Duct of Wirsung

a. Duct of Santorini

Which of the following is the hormone released by the pancreas that encourages the body's use of glucagon? a. Insulin b. Somatostatin c. Glycogen d. Sodium bicarbonate

a. Insulin

What results in a shortened main pancreatic duct that works to drain only the pancreatic head and not the entire pancreas? a. Pancreatic divisum b. Annular pancreas c. Acute pancreatitis d. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

a. Pancreatic divisum

Which of the following would be the most likely vascular complication of acute pancreatitis? a. Thrombosis in the splenic vein b. Pseudoaneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery c. Thrombosis of the main portal vein d. Stenosis of the superior mesenteric artery

a. Thrombosis in the splenic vein

Which of the following laboratory findings elevates first in the presence of acute pancreatitis? a. Amylase b. ALP c. ALT d. Lipase

a. amylase

The portion of the bowel that encompasses the head of the pancreas is the: a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum d. Cecum

a. duodenum

Which type of pancreatic transplantation is more common? a. Exocrine enteric drainage b. Exocrine bladder drainage c. Endocrine bladder drainage d. Endocrine enteric drainage

a. exocrine enteric drainage

Which part of the pancreas is located right lateral to superior mesenteric vein, anterior to inferior vena cava, and inferior to portal vein? a. Head b. Neck c. Body d. Tail

a. head

The most common location of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is within the: a. Head of the pancreas b. Neck of the pancreas c. Body of the pancreas d. Tail of the pancreas

a. head of pancreas

The most common location of focal pancreatitis is within the: a. Head of the pancreas b. Neck of the pancreas c. Body of the pancreas d. Tail of the pancreas

a. head of pancreas

One clinical sign of an insulinoma is the presence of: a. Hypoglycemia b. Elevated alpha-fetoprotein c. Hepatitis d. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

a. hypoglycemia

Which of the following results from the maldevelopment of the two embryologic elements of the pancreas and consequent obstruction of the duodenum? a. Pancreatic divisum b. Annular pancreas c. Whipple syndrome d. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

b. Annular pancreas

Courvoisier gallbladder is the: a. Enlargement of the pancreatic duct secondary to coexisting masses within the pancreatic body and gallbladder b. Palpable gallbladder caused by a biliary obstruction in the area of the pancreatic head c. Gallbladder disorder associated with the buildup of cholesterol crystals within the gallbladder wall d. Type of gallbladder carcinoma that is the result of chronic cholecystitis

b. Palpable gallbladder caused by a biliary obstruction in the area of the pancreatic head

Which of the following is associated with development of cysts within the pancreas? a. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease b. von Hippel-Lindau disease c. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome d. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

b. Von Hippel - Lindau disease

Which of the following would be the least likely complication of a pancreatic transplant? a. Hematoma b. Biloma c. Ascites d. Urinoma

b. biloma

Which of the following would be the least likely cause of acute pancreatitis? a. Alcohol abuse b. Hepatitis c. Trauma d. Gallstones

b. hepatitis

Which of the following laboratory values appears to be more specific for acute pancreatitis? a. Amylase b. Lipase c. Aspartate aminotransferase d. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase

b. lipase

All of the following are part of the exocrine function of the pancreas except for the: a. Production of lipase b. Production of glucagon c. Production of amylase d. Production of sodium bicarbonate

b. production of glucagon

The pancreas is an: a. Intraperitoneal organ b. Retroperitoneal organ

b. retroperitoneal organ

The muscle that controls the emptying of bile and pancreatic juices into the duodenum is the: a. Sphincter of Vater b. Sphincter of Oddi c. Ampulla of Vater d. Ampulla of Oddi

b. sphincter of Oddi

What is the early sonographic appearance of acute pancreatitis? a. Calcifications within the gland b. Pancreatic pseudocyst c. Normal d. Hyperechoic glandular echotexture

c. Normal

The Whipple procedure is performed on patients who have: a. Chronic pancreatitis b. Acute pancreatitis c. Pancreatic carcinoma d. Pancreatic transplants

c. Pancreatic carcinoma

All of the following are classic clinical features of acute pancreatitis except: a. Leukocytosis b. Back pain c. Weight gain d. Fever

c. Weight gain

A gastrinoma of the pancreas can produce: a. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease b. Von Hippel-Lindau disease c. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome d. Hyperinsulinemia

c. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Courvoisier gallbladder is found in the presence of: a. Hepatitis b. Cholecystitis and chronic pancreatitis c. Adenocarcinoma in the head of the pancreas d. Islet cell tumor in the tail of the pancreas

c. adenocarcinoma in the head of the pancreas

Within which parts of the pancreas are mucinous cystadenocarcinomas most often located? a. Uncinate process and neck b. Head and neck c. Body and tail d. Fundus and neck

c. body and tail

The arterial blood supply to the head of the pancreas is via the: a. Superior mesenteric artery b. Splenic artery c. Gastroduodenal artery d. Hepatic artery

c. gastroduodenal artery

The most common echogenicity of an acutely inflamed pancreas is: a. Anechoic b. Hyperechoic c. Hypoechoic d. Calcified

c. hypoechoic

Which of the following is the most common islet cell tumor? a. Granuloma b. Gastrinoma c. Insulinoma d. Cystadenoma

c. insulinoma

Which part of the pancreas is located anterior to portal confluence? a. Uncinate process b. Pancreatic body c. Pancreatic neck d. Pancreatic tail

c. pancreatic neck

Which of the following is a peripancreatic fluid collection that results from the inflammation of the pancreas? a. Pus b. Trypsin c. Phlegmon d. Chyme

c. phlegmon

The most common form of malignancy of the pancreas is: a. Cystadenocarcinoma b. Islet cell tumors c. Cystadenoma d. Adenocarcinoma

d. Adenocarcinoma

Coexisting obstruction of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct may be referred to as the: a. Double-barrel shotgun sign b. Courvoisier sign c. Mirizzi sign d. Double-duct sign

d. Double-duct sign

Which of the following is the enzyme released by the pancreas that neutralizes stomach acid? a. Insulin b. Somatostatin c. Glycogen d. Sodium bicarbonate

d. Sodium bicarbonate

What vascular structure outlines the pancreatic tail posteriorly? a. Superior mesenteric artery b. Inferior mesenteric vein c. Portal confluence d. Splenic vein

d. Splenic vein

Which cells perform the exocrine function of the pancreas? a. Whipple cells b. Islets of Langerhans c. Delta cells d. Acinar cells

d. acinar cells

All of the following are clinical findings associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma except: a. Epigastric pain b. Weight loss c. Jaundice d. Decrease amylase and lipase

d. decrease amylase and lipase

All of the following are sonographic features of chronic pancreatitis except: a. Dilated pancreatic duct b. Calcifications within the pancreas c. Pancreatic pseudocyst d. Diffusely hypoechoic pancreas

d. diffusely hypoechoic pancreas

What is the name of the main pancreatic duct? a. Duct of Santorini b. Duct of Langerhans c. Duct of Oddi d. Duct of Wirsung

d. duct of wirsung

One of the most common locations for a pancreatic pseudocyst is within the: a. Paracolic gutters b. Groin c. Spleen d. Lesser sac

d. lesser sac