The Skeletal System Ch8 Smartbook Assignment

Which of the following is the weight bearing portion of the vertebra?

Body

Which feature is unique to the thoracic vertebrae?

Costal facets

Which part of a rib marks the path of blood vessels and nerves along the inferior margin of the shaft?

Costal groove

Identify the term for the lower border of the thoracic cage.

Costal margin

Identify the prominent bony process on the anterosuperior side of the axis indicated by the arrow in the figure.

Dens

Which type of rib lacks an anterior connection to the sternum via cartilage?

Floating ribs

Which of the following is formed by the fusion of the spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae?

Median sacral crest

The joint that occurs between the base of the skull and the top of the vertebral column is the atlanto-___________ joint.

Occipital

Match each type of rib with its definition False ribs Floating ribs True ribs These ribs have independent costal cartilages that attach to the sternum These ribs do not have independent cartilaginous connections to the sternum These ribs do not attach to the sternum

True ribs - These ribs have independent costal cartilages that attach to the sternum False ribs - These ribs do not have independent cartilaginous connections to the sternum Floating ribs - These ribs do not attach to the sternum

What is the name of the projection identified in the figure?

Tubercle

The spinal cord passes through the vertebral foramen of each vertebra. Together, the vertebral foramina of the complete vertebral column form which of the following?

Vertebral canal

The feature of the bone that is indicated by the red arrow in the figure is the sternal

angle

The concave area on the upper surface of the lateral mass of the the atlas articulates with the occipital condyle of the skull; this surface is the superior ________ facet.

articular

Name the joint between the atlas and axis.

atlantoaxial joint

The specific name for the vertebra shown in the figure is the

atlas OR C1 OR C-1

The specific vertebra shown in the figure is the

axis

Identify the part of the vertebrae shown in the figure

body

The vertebral foramina collectively form the vertebral _________ , a passage for the spinal cord.

canal

Transverse foramina are only found in ______.

cervical vertebrae

The __________ is a very small triangular bone at the end of the vertebral column. It is made up of four or five small fused vertebrae.

coccyx

The anatomical name for tailbone is ______.

coccyx

The lower border of the thoracic cage is called the _______ margin.

costal

The strips of hyaline cartilage that attach the ribs to the sternum are called the _______ cartilages.

costal

A rib articulates with the ______ of the upper vertebra and the superior costal facet of the vertebra below that

inferior costal facet

A bend that is concave in the anterior direction is a __________. (curved outward toward the back)

kyphosis

Distal to the tubercle, the rib flattens and widens into the part of the rib known as the ______.

shaft

The anatomical term for breastbone is ______.

sternum

The thoracic cage consists of the thoracic vertebrae,______ , and ribs.

sternum

The indented area indicated in the figure is the _____ notch.

suprasternal

How many pairs of ribs does each person have?

12

The typical vertebral column has ____ thoracic vertebrae

12

What is the typical number of lumbar vertebrae?

5

Indicate the correct number of vertebrae in each region of an average, normal human vertebral column 7, 12, 5, 5 fused vertebrae, 4 tiny, fused vertebrae Sacral, Coccygeal, Lumbar, Thoracic, Cervical

7 - Cervical 12 - Thoracic 5 - Lumbar 5 fused vertebrae - Sacral 4 tiny, fused vertebrae - Coccygeal

Identify the labeled openings in the sacrum A,B,C Posterior sacral foramina Sacral canal Sacral hiatus

A - Sacral canal B - Posterior sacral foramina C - Sacral hiatus

Identify the openings indicated in the figure.

Anterior sacral foramina

Name the joint that occurs between the base of the skull and the top of the vertebral column.

Atlanto-occipital joint

The indicated ear-shaped region of the sacrum that participates in the sacroiliac joint is called the ________ surface.

Auricular

The indicated ear-shaped region of the sacrum that participates in the sacroiliac joint is called the __________ surface

Auricular

The vertebral foramina collectively form the vertebral _________, a passage for the spinal cord.

Canal

What are the vertebral curvatures?

Cervical lordosis, Thoracic kyphosis, Lumbar lordosis, Pelvic kyphosis

List the five vertebral regions

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal

On a rib, the costal _____ marks the path of costal blood vessels and nerves along the inferior margin of the shaft.

Groove

The condition where the nucleus pulposus bulges through the anulus fibrosis is called a _______ disc.

Herniated

Which can be caused by excessive stress and can result in painful pressure on the spinal cord or a spinal nerve?

Herniated disc

Identify the bones that form the sacroiliac joint.

Ilium Sacrum

The opening between the pedicles of two successive vertebrae that allows for the passage of spinal nerves is a(n) ___________ foramen.

Intervertebral

Name the opening between the superior and inferior vertebral notches of two adjacent vertebrae.

Intervertebral foramen

Within the vertebral column, a(n) _____________ disc is a pad consisting of an inner gelantinous nucleus surrounded by a ring of fibrocartilage.

Intevertebral

The segment of the vertebral arch indicated in the figure is called the ___________.

Lamina

A vertebra with a thick stout body, and a blunt square spinous process is most likely from the _________ region of the vertebral column.

Lumbar

Transverse costal facets on vertebrae T1 through T10 are articulation points for which of the following?

Ribs

What are the components of the thoracic cage?

Ribs Sternum Thoracic vertebrae

Name the opening at the end of the sacral canal

Sacral hiatus

Match each abnormal spinal curvature with its description Scoliosis, Kyphosis, Lordosis An exaggerated lumbar curvature if the vertebral column, An exaggerated thoracic curvature of the vertebral column, An abnormal lateral deviation of the vertebral column

Scoliosis - An abnormal lateral deviation of the vertebral column Kyphosis - An exaggerated thoracic curvature of the vertebral column Lordosis - An exaggerated lumbar curvature of the vertebral column

Identify the articular surface indicated in the figure (superior view shown).

Superior articular facet

Most ribs insert between two vertebrae. Where does the rib articulate with the lower of the two vertebrae?

Superior costal facet

The opening indicated in the figure is the _________ foramen.

Transverse

The_______ ligament holds the dens of the axis in place against the anterior arch of the atlas.

Transverse

Identify the articular surface indicated on the figure.

Transverse costal facet

Which foramen provides passage for the vertebral arteries?

Transverse foramen

On a vertebra, which process extends laterally from the point where the lamina and pedicle meet?

Transverse process

The hole at the center of a vertebra is termed the vertebral

foramen

The anterior sacral ______ are holes that allow passage for nerves and blood vessels to the pelvic organs.

foramina

Which term refers to the knobby part of a rib that articulates with the body of vertebrae?

head

The fusion of the transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae form the ______ sacral crest.

lateral

The weight-bearing parts of the atlas are called the _________ masses.

lateral

Identify the weight-bearing structures indicated in the figure.

lateral masses

A bend toward the front, concave posteriorly, is called a

lordosis

The three regions of the sternum are the ________, the body, and the xiphoid process.

manubrium

The region of the intervertebral disc identified as 'A' in the figure is the _________, while 'B' is the __________.

nucleus pulposus, anulus fibrosus

The superior articular facet of the atlas articulates with the ______.

occipital condyles of the skull

The segment of the vertebral arch indicated in the figure is the ________.

pedicle

The ______ sacral foramina allow passage of nerves that serve the gluteal region and lower limbs.

posterior

The spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae are ______.

relatively pointed and angled sharply downward

Identify the bony bump indicated in the figure.

sacral promontory

The bone indicated on the figure is the

sacrum

What is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column called?

scoliosis

The five vertebral regions are the lumbar, cervical, coccygeal, ________, and sacral.

thoracic

Name the ligament that holds the dens of the axis in place against the anterior arch of the atlas

transverse ligament

The entire region of the axial skeleton indicated by the arrows on the figure is the _________ column

vertebral OR spinal

Name the series of bones indicated by the black arrows.

vertebral column

The dens projects into the ______. Dens or odontoid process

vertebral foramen of the atlas