The Skeletal System Ch8 Smartbook Assignment
Which of the following is the weight bearing portion of the vertebra?
Body
Which feature is unique to the thoracic vertebrae?
Costal facets
Which part of a rib marks the path of blood vessels and nerves along the inferior margin of the shaft?
Costal groove
Identify the term for the lower border of the thoracic cage.
Costal margin
Identify the prominent bony process on the anterosuperior side of the axis indicated by the arrow in the figure.
Dens
Which type of rib lacks an anterior connection to the sternum via cartilage?
Floating ribs
Which of the following is formed by the fusion of the spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae?
Median sacral crest
The joint that occurs between the base of the skull and the top of the vertebral column is the atlanto-___________ joint.
Occipital
Match each type of rib with its definition False ribs Floating ribs True ribs These ribs have independent costal cartilages that attach to the sternum These ribs do not have independent cartilaginous connections to the sternum These ribs do not attach to the sternum
True ribs - These ribs have independent costal cartilages that attach to the sternum False ribs - These ribs do not have independent cartilaginous connections to the sternum Floating ribs - These ribs do not attach to the sternum
What is the name of the projection identified in the figure?
Tubercle
The spinal cord passes through the vertebral foramen of each vertebra. Together, the vertebral foramina of the complete vertebral column form which of the following?
Vertebral canal
The feature of the bone that is indicated by the red arrow in the figure is the sternal
angle
The concave area on the upper surface of the lateral mass of the the atlas articulates with the occipital condyle of the skull; this surface is the superior ________ facet.
articular
Name the joint between the atlas and axis.
atlantoaxial joint
The specific name for the vertebra shown in the figure is the
atlas OR C1 OR C-1
The specific vertebra shown in the figure is the
axis
Identify the part of the vertebrae shown in the figure
body
The vertebral foramina collectively form the vertebral _________ , a passage for the spinal cord.
canal
Transverse foramina are only found in ______.
cervical vertebrae
The __________ is a very small triangular bone at the end of the vertebral column. It is made up of four or five small fused vertebrae.
coccyx
The anatomical name for tailbone is ______.
coccyx
The lower border of the thoracic cage is called the _______ margin.
costal
The strips of hyaline cartilage that attach the ribs to the sternum are called the _______ cartilages.
costal
A rib articulates with the ______ of the upper vertebra and the superior costal facet of the vertebra below that
inferior costal facet
A bend that is concave in the anterior direction is a __________. (curved outward toward the back)
kyphosis
Distal to the tubercle, the rib flattens and widens into the part of the rib known as the ______.
shaft
The anatomical term for breastbone is ______.
sternum
The thoracic cage consists of the thoracic vertebrae,______ , and ribs.
sternum
The indented area indicated in the figure is the _____ notch.
suprasternal
How many pairs of ribs does each person have?
12
The typical vertebral column has ____ thoracic vertebrae
12
What is the typical number of lumbar vertebrae?
5
Indicate the correct number of vertebrae in each region of an average, normal human vertebral column 7, 12, 5, 5 fused vertebrae, 4 tiny, fused vertebrae Sacral, Coccygeal, Lumbar, Thoracic, Cervical
7 - Cervical 12 - Thoracic 5 - Lumbar 5 fused vertebrae - Sacral 4 tiny, fused vertebrae - Coccygeal
Identify the labeled openings in the sacrum A,B,C Posterior sacral foramina Sacral canal Sacral hiatus
A - Sacral canal B - Posterior sacral foramina C - Sacral hiatus
Identify the openings indicated in the figure.
Anterior sacral foramina
Name the joint that occurs between the base of the skull and the top of the vertebral column.
Atlanto-occipital joint
The indicated ear-shaped region of the sacrum that participates in the sacroiliac joint is called the ________ surface.
Auricular
The indicated ear-shaped region of the sacrum that participates in the sacroiliac joint is called the __________ surface
Auricular
The vertebral foramina collectively form the vertebral _________, a passage for the spinal cord.
Canal
What are the vertebral curvatures?
Cervical lordosis, Thoracic kyphosis, Lumbar lordosis, Pelvic kyphosis
List the five vertebral regions
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal
On a rib, the costal _____ marks the path of costal blood vessels and nerves along the inferior margin of the shaft.
Groove
The condition where the nucleus pulposus bulges through the anulus fibrosis is called a _______ disc.
Herniated
Which can be caused by excessive stress and can result in painful pressure on the spinal cord or a spinal nerve?
Herniated disc
Identify the bones that form the sacroiliac joint.
Ilium Sacrum
The opening between the pedicles of two successive vertebrae that allows for the passage of spinal nerves is a(n) ___________ foramen.
Intervertebral
Name the opening between the superior and inferior vertebral notches of two adjacent vertebrae.
Intervertebral foramen
Within the vertebral column, a(n) _____________ disc is a pad consisting of an inner gelantinous nucleus surrounded by a ring of fibrocartilage.
Intevertebral
The segment of the vertebral arch indicated in the figure is called the ___________.
Lamina
A vertebra with a thick stout body, and a blunt square spinous process is most likely from the _________ region of the vertebral column.
Lumbar
Transverse costal facets on vertebrae T1 through T10 are articulation points for which of the following?
Ribs
What are the components of the thoracic cage?
Ribs Sternum Thoracic vertebrae
Name the opening at the end of the sacral canal
Sacral hiatus
Match each abnormal spinal curvature with its description Scoliosis, Kyphosis, Lordosis An exaggerated lumbar curvature if the vertebral column, An exaggerated thoracic curvature of the vertebral column, An abnormal lateral deviation of the vertebral column
Scoliosis - An abnormal lateral deviation of the vertebral column Kyphosis - An exaggerated thoracic curvature of the vertebral column Lordosis - An exaggerated lumbar curvature of the vertebral column
Identify the articular surface indicated in the figure (superior view shown).
Superior articular facet
Most ribs insert between two vertebrae. Where does the rib articulate with the lower of the two vertebrae?
Superior costal facet
The opening indicated in the figure is the _________ foramen.
Transverse
The_______ ligament holds the dens of the axis in place against the anterior arch of the atlas.
Transverse
Identify the articular surface indicated on the figure.
Transverse costal facet
Which foramen provides passage for the vertebral arteries?
Transverse foramen
On a vertebra, which process extends laterally from the point where the lamina and pedicle meet?
Transverse process
The hole at the center of a vertebra is termed the vertebral
foramen
The anterior sacral ______ are holes that allow passage for nerves and blood vessels to the pelvic organs.
foramina
Which term refers to the knobby part of a rib that articulates with the body of vertebrae?
head
The fusion of the transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae form the ______ sacral crest.
lateral
The weight-bearing parts of the atlas are called the _________ masses.
lateral
Identify the weight-bearing structures indicated in the figure.
lateral masses
A bend toward the front, concave posteriorly, is called a
lordosis
The three regions of the sternum are the ________, the body, and the xiphoid process.
manubrium
The region of the intervertebral disc identified as 'A' in the figure is the _________, while 'B' is the __________.
nucleus pulposus, anulus fibrosus
The superior articular facet of the atlas articulates with the ______.
occipital condyles of the skull
The segment of the vertebral arch indicated in the figure is the ________.
pedicle
The ______ sacral foramina allow passage of nerves that serve the gluteal region and lower limbs.
posterior
The spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae are ______.
relatively pointed and angled sharply downward
Identify the bony bump indicated in the figure.
sacral promontory
The bone indicated on the figure is the
sacrum
What is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column called?
scoliosis
The five vertebral regions are the lumbar, cervical, coccygeal, ________, and sacral.
thoracic
Name the ligament that holds the dens of the axis in place against the anterior arch of the atlas
transverse ligament
The entire region of the axial skeleton indicated by the arrows on the figure is the _________ column
vertebral OR spinal
Name the series of bones indicated by the black arrows.
vertebral column
The dens projects into the ______. Dens or odontoid process
vertebral foramen of the atlas
