The Skeletal System

define the difference between osteoclasts and osteoblasts?

(osteoblasts)= bone forming cells (osteoclasts)= bone destroying cells

what are the 3 major kinds of joints?

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

What type of bone is thin with a flattened shape and is usually curved?

flat bones

thin plates of periosteum covered compact bone & endosteum covered bone are the structure of what bones?

flat, short, irregular bones

Bones provide point of attachment for what?

muscles

Define arthritis

inflammation of joints and results in pain, stiffness, and limited movement

What are the 4 classifications of bones?

long, short, flat, irregular

Some examples of the endosteum ?

medullary cavity, void spaces in bones etc.)

Define endosteum

membrane that lines internal bone structures

3 things that make up blood?

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

what are some examples of short bones?

carpals, tarsals

How many bones are in the human body?

206

Bones also provide a site for what formation?

Blood cell formation

T or F bones are completely solid with no open spaces inside?

FALSE

t or f cartilage can repair itself?

FALSE

t or false re bone marrow is found all over the body?

FALSE

T or F spongey bone feels like actual sponge?

FALSE, it only resembles a sponges appearance

T or F? the ribs serve to protect the spine?

FALSE, the ribs protect your heart and lungs

True or False? metacarpals or metatarsals are an example of short bones?

FALSE, they are long bones

t or f red bone marrow stores fat?

FALSE, yellow bone marrow stores fat

what is this blood cell formation that occurs called?

Hematopoiesis

Which bone type does not fit into any of the other categories?

Irregular bones

What is an inorganic salt? What does it mean?

It is not carbon based

T or F? bones bones protect and support softer tissues?

TRUE

True or false? bones are the organs of the skeletal system?

TRUE

t or f calcium phosphate is the most numerous inorganic substance found in bone?

TRUE

t or f inorganic salts make bone hard?

TRUE

t or f red blood cells from in ends of long bone while yellow bone marrow forms in middle cavity?

TRUE

t or f yellow bone marrow has sort of playdough consistency?

TRUE

T or F? yellow bone marrow can be converted to red bone marrow?

TRUE, if needed it can be converted

what is the difference between a sprain and strain?

a sprain is the stretching or tear of a ligament, a strain is a stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon.

what is articular cartilage?

a thin layer of byaline cartilage that covers bone where it forms a joint/articulation with another bone

what is the inner part (shaft) of the long bone called?

diaphysis

peri- means?

around (ex: peripheral vison)

what type of cartilage covers the epiphysis?

articular cartilage (provides articulation or movement for bone)

What is osteoarthritis?

associated with the aging process (can effect any joint) ; cartilage is worn down eventually causing bone to rub up against bone

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

autoimmune disease where the body immune system attacks itself

Bones contain passageways for?

blood ways/flow, nerves

what happens in a dilocation?

bones are forced out of their normal positions

what cartilage unites the rib to the sternum ?

byline cartilage

What else do bones store?

calcium, phosphorus, potassium

what happens in a cartilage injury?

cartilage is overworked and tears; must be removed in arthroscopic surgery

what joint unite 2 bones by cartilage; and lack a joint cavity (Ex: rib to sternum, pubic symphysis- unite both pubis bones together ?

cartilaginous joint

what is largly the intercellular material bone tissue is comprised of?

collegen and inorganic salts

walls of diaphysis are composed of what type of bone?

compact bone

fracture where the bone breaks and protrudes through the skin?

compound fracture

fracture where bone is crushed?

compression fracture

Define periosteum

double layered membrane which surrounds all bones

What are the ends of long bone called?

epiphyses (singular: epiphysis)

Define the difference in the exterior and interior of long bones.

exterior is composed of compact bone, interior is composed of spongey bone

some ex of long bones?

femur, tibia, humerus, phalanges, radius, ulna etc.

what cartilage untie both the pubis bones & vertebrae together?

fibrocartilage (absorbs shock)

What joint is connected by fibrous tissue has no joint cavity & is capable of little to no movement?

fibrous joint (joint between tibia and fibula & sutures between flat bones of skull)

Define red bone marrow

found is void spaces of spongey bone; produces red, white blood cells and platelets.

fracture where the bone breaks incompletely?

greenstick fracture

fracture where the broken bones are forced into one another?

impacted fracture

Red bone marrow is found where?

in the spongey bone

sphenoid bone, byoid bone are examples of what type of bone?

irregular

the difference between ligaments and tendons?

ligaments attach bone to bone and tendons attach muscle to bone

what is a SPRAIN?

ligaments reinforcing a joint are stretched or torn

Which bone is longer than they are wide?

long bones

Define osteoporosis

occurs when body takes calcium from bones when there isn't enough, this causes the bones to become porous, break easily and heal slowly

define the difference between inorganic and organic .

organic has carbon, inorganic lacks carbon calcium

what's the difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid?

osteoarthritis is due to ageing and is the gradual wear down of the cartilage in joints; rheumatoid is an autoimmune disease

what are bone cells?

osteocytes (osteo= bone, cyte=cell)

what is ricketts?

osteomalacia in children

What are some ex of flat bones?

parietal bone, sternum etc.

What bones does the appendicular skeleton contain?

pectoral girdle (scapula, clavicle, upper/lower limbs, pelvic girdle)

what 2 membranes contain osteoclasts and osteoblasts?

periosteum and endosteum

Define yellow bone marrow

primarily fills diaphysis (consists of mostly fat & serves as an energy source)

what is the cavity inside the diaphysis called that is filled with yellow bone marrow?

the medullary cavity

Which bone type is about as broad as they are long?

short bones

what bones contain bone marrow but no marrow cavity is present?

short, flat, irregular,

fracture where the bone breaks but doesn't penetrate the skin?

simple fracture

5 common types of bone fractures?

simple, compression, impacted, greenstick & compound fracture

What bones does the Axial skeleton contain?

skull, vertebrae column, thorax (12 pairs of ribs and sternum)

Define osteomalacia

softening of adult bone due to vitamin c & d deficiency in the feet, weight bearing bones like hips and legs may fracture or bend

what is a STRAIN

stretching or tearing of a muscle and/or tendon

what joint is a freely movable joint that articulating bones are separated by (fluid contain joint cavity) (ex: shoulder, wrists, knees, hip?

synovial joint

What does the skull protect?

the brain

What is the epiphysis?

the ends of long bones comprised of spongey bone and articular cartilage

Funtions of the skeletal system?

to provide framework for the body