Tim's Honors Ethics Final Questions Test 1&2
Aristotle opened the Academy
False
Aristotle's four causes are called the four pillars of justice
False
Gyges was a sophist
False
Hesiod and Homer gave identical views concerning our ethical foundations
False
Kant saw a necessary tie between morality and religion
False
Mill introduced the idea of quantity rather than quality to utilitarian ethics
False
Objectivity in ethics means that morality is relative to each of us
False
One objection to deontology is that it's not an objective theory
False
The fourth pillar of justice is called the final cause
False
To act according to duty is both right and praiseworthy
False
"There is no truth"
Gorgias
Ethical nihilism or the position that there are no moral truths was put forth by whom
Gorgias
Which is not a class in the perfect city?
Governors
"I found a ring of invisibility and I will use it to kill the king and take over the kingdom"
Gyges
According to Aristotle which is the proper end for humans?
Happiness
All events are cause so there can be no such thing as free will is an explanation of which type of determinism?
Hard
Purposely shutting a book on an innocent person's hand is best described by which type of action?
Immoral
"Compared to your mother and father and all the rest of your ancestors your country is something far more precious, more venerable, more sacred, and held in greater honor both among gods and among all reasonable men"
Laws
Who does Socrates believe will be harmed most if he leaves with Crito?
Laws
The term prima facie can be translated to mean?
On the surface
"Man is the measure of all things" relates to what ethical theory best?
Relativism
Which type of moral luck acts as retrospective justification?
Resultant
Which type of moral luck was said to benefit Gauguin and be a detriment to Anna?
Resultant
Which application of the categorical imperative gives the imperfect duties?
Reversibility
Which does not describe the Forms as laid out by Plato?
Sensed
Which is not a class in the perfect soul?
Senses
"The really important thing is not to live, but to live well"
Socrates
The Good will is the will that acts...
From Duty
According to Kant, the type of knowledge which can provide an objective morality is rational also known as?
A priori
Kant believed that morality should be defined by looking at?
Act
Which type of utilitarianism examines moral situations case by case?
Act
Pick the two forms of utilitarianism
Act and Rule
Shutting a book is best described by which type of action?
Amoral
"We look at people and reward them based on character, and that is the reason to be virtuous"
Anscombe
A cognitivist may admit that beating elderly women is wrong
True
A non-cognitivist cannot admit that beating an elderly woman is wrong
True
Anscombe believed that our needs are dependent on our wants
True
Both Mill and Kant refer to a version of the Golden Rule in their ethical theories
True
Who encouraged dropping moral language in favor of language based in virtues?
Anscombe
In which dialogue did Socrates defend himself against charges of corrupting the youth and worshiping false gods?
Apology
Judge Counterfactual not getting assigned the case in which a bribe was offered thus appearing to be just is an example of which kind of luck?
Circumstantial
Match up Plato's tripartite city with the corresponding parts to the tripartite soul, and the virtues that go along with them
Citizens - Eros - Temperance Guardians - Thumos - Courage Rulers - Logos - Wisdom
Mill believed that morality should be defined by looking at?
Consequences
What luck is luck based on the personal character of the moral agent?
Constitutive
Another name for Kant's Non-consequentialism is...
Deontology
Which ethical theory never justifies an "immoral" act?
Deontology
Which is not part of the philosophical approach toward studying ethics?
Descriptive
Cicero's "De Officiis" was an early display of casuist thinking
True
Consistency in the categorical imperative gives perfect duties
True
In the sinking of the William Brown, the deontological choice would have been some type of "shared disaster"
True
Initially Crito encouraged Socrates to escape from prison, and save himself from the death penalty
True
Plato believed that what held your desk and the desk next to you in common is that they both participate in the Form of Desk
True
Two approaches to studying morality are called scientific and philosophical
True
Which principle promotes acting so as to produce the greatest good for the greatest number?
Utilitarianism
An "if, then" imperative is called?
Hypothetical
Which virtue best exemplifies the main topic of the Republic?
Justice
"Man is the measure of all things"
Protagoras
Who taught that "man is the measure of all things"?
Protagoras
Which position promotes the idea of objective moral truths?
Absolutism
Which is said to be acting in the interest of others?
Altruism
"The best ends are ends in themselves, not for the gain of something else"
Aristotle
Due to the idea that ethics is not an exact science, who first endorsed a casuistic type understanding of morality?
Aristotle
An ethical position that is not dependent on anything and true for all times all for all people is?
Categorical
Which type of moral luck leads us to scientific determinism?
Causal
"What could be more contemptible than to get a name for thinking more of money than of your friends? One has to think of popular opinion...take my advice and be reasonable"
Crito
What is defined as a state of well-being?
Eudaimonia
What seemed to be Crito's main reason for getting Socrates to escape?
His Reputation
Who had the most direct influence on John Stuart Mill?
Jeremy Bentham
Which philosopher issued the use of maxims in order to test ethical questions?
Kant
Who believed that "a person's moral worth depends on the quality of their will, independent of external circumstances"?
Kant
"I love the sun but don't have the time to get a good tan and keep it year-round, so I am a huge fan of tanning products"
Kim Kardashian
"You have corrupted the youth by teaching them to not honor the gods that the city recognizes"
Meletus
Which type of philosophical approach investigates the meaning of moral judgement?
Metha-ethics
Who tried to show that Moral terms cannot be defined without confusing natural terms with non-natural terms thus committing a fallacy?
Moore
The ethical theory promoted by Aristotle and Plato is called
Moral Realism
What is the name of the fallacy described in the question above?
Naturalistic
W. D. Ross is first and foremost a...
Non-consequentialist
Which branch of ethics applies standards of right and wrong?
Normative
Treating people as ends and never purely as means is which type of imperative?
Practical
Define and explain the difference between psychological egoism and ethical egoism
Psychological egoism is the view that all persons without exception seek their own self-interest. Ethical egoism is the view that recognizes that perhaps not all persons seek their own self-interest but they should do so.
"Justice is in the interest of the stronger party"
Thrasymachus
Which is not an example of Plato's early dialogues?
Timaeus